Project lwempilo: Isigaba esiyinhloko

Imijikelezo yokuphila kwazo iphrojekthi ziqondwa njengoba izigaba ezithile ngokusebenzisa oludlula ukulungela inhloso ethize ngokuhamba kusebenta kwaso, futhi usebenza kanjani. Lokhu ngokwahlukana akukhona ukuthi kubaluleke kuphela ovela theory kodwa futhi kusukela iphuzu eliwusizo umbono, ngoba kwenza ukwazi ukulawula kangcono inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

Inchazelo

Umqondo umjikelezo wokuphila iphrojekthi kusho ukulandelana ezithile izinyathelo ukuqaliswa umbono mayelana ukukhiqizwa noma ukuphathwa inqubo. Indima lo mqondo ungaboniswa izitatimende ezilandelayo:

• inquma okuyisikhathi sokwenza umsebenzi, okubonisa ngokucacile usuku ekuqaleni kwayo futhi ekupheleni;
• elinemininingwane inqubo ivumela uhlelo ukuqaliswa, ukukucaza kube lwesigaba ethize;
• It kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunquma ngokunembile inani le- abathintekayo, kanye nazo zonke ezidingo ezidingekayo;
• Isisiza inqubo ukuqapha.

Stage umjikelezo wokuphila iphrojekthi

Phakathi ukuqaliswa uhlela inqubo ukukhiqizwa noma izikhathi ezinye izenzakalo eziningana ezalandela ziqhubeka kungathiwa kule nkampani. Ngakho, ke wanquma ukwaba letigaba letilandzelako lomjikelezo ukuphila phrojekthi:

• Ukuqaliswa - uya isandiso imibono, kanye nokulungisa amaphepha phrojekthi. Ikhishwa ukutadishwa, kanye ucwaningo emakethe, okuzokwenza namuhla kuyithuluzi lokusakaza ngokuba ukuqaliswa izigaba okwalandela.
• Ukuhlela - isikhathi sokuhlala kwesisu, idatha ukwabelana izinqubo emazingeni athile, kanye ukuqashwa kukaNksz executors futhi abantu abaphethe.
• Ukubulawa - iqala ngokushesha nje lapho izinhlelo sivunyiwe. Kusho ekuphumeleliseni ngalokuphelele yonke imisebenzi kuhlelwe.
• Ukugcwaliswa - ukuhlaziywa idatha kanye nokuqapha ukuhambisana ne kuhlelwe yabo. Lesi sibopho kuyinto ezimweni eziningi wemfanelo ukuphathwa.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi division zibe izigaba umjikelezo wokuphila phrojekthi okunemibandela kakhulu. inhlangano ngamunye unelilungelo ithuba lokucwengisiswa inqubo kanye ukuwuchitha ngezigaba.

isigaba lomjikelezo

izigaba ezine eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa kuphrojekthi umjikeleto wemphilo, okuyilezi:

• izifundo ngaphambi utshalomali - ukukhethwa okufana engcono yephrojekthi, izingxoxo abathintekayo, kanye Ukukhishwa izibambiso ngayo nefunda ngayo kuyoba ukuheha dolobha;
• utshalomali ngqo, lapho ngokusebenzisa ukudayiswa ngamasheya noma kwezezimali kunhlangano uthola izimali ezidingekayo ukuze lelisu lobuchwepheshe;
• ukusebenza Project - lena inqubo full-scale ukukhiqizwa, esiqhutshwa ngokuvumelana uhlelo predetermined khathi
• cwaningo post-utshalomali iwukuba nokuhlola ukusebenza, futhi ukunquma ukuhambisana imiphumela obekulindelekile.

Izici lomjikelezo ukuphila iphrojekthi

Imijikelezo yokuphila kwazo iphrojekthi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, zingahlelwa ngamunye ehambisana imininingwane ibhizinisi elithile. Noma kunjalo, bonke babe ezinye izici ezivamile, okuyilezi:

• Inani enkulu yezindleko kanye nabasebenzi yingxenye yale project, ophakathi lomjikelezo. I isiqalo nesiphetho inqubo zinezikhathi amanani aphansi.
• Esigabeni sokuqala kukhona ingozi enkulu, kanye ukungaqiniseki nokungabaza mayelana nomphumela ngempumelelo umsebenzi.
• Ekuqaleni ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe abahlanganyeli project banethuba omkhulu wokwenza izinguquko kanye nokuthuthukisa izindlela okufinyelela imigomo. Njengoba is ziba nzima ukwenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Cascade Model lomjikelezo ukuphila iphrojekthi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe ngamunye project ngamunye noma inhlangano ukuba abe ehlukile ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, kukhona ezinye amaphethini ajwayelekile ezingaba akhonze njengoba isisekelo eziyisisekelo. Omunye obujwayelekile waterfall, okusho ukuqaliswa esingaguquguquki isenzo ngasinye kuhlelwe futhi libhekene izici ezilandelayo:

• ekubhaleni plan esicacile ukuthatha isinyathelo esasiyobonisa ukuthi bafinyelele imigomo yabo;
• isenzo ngasinye kunqunywa uhlu ezithile imisebenzi, kanye kuphoqelekile kubulawa imisebenzi;
• ukwethulwa Lesisemkhatsini (control) izinyathelo okuzokwenziwa ukuqapha nokulandela plan ngaphambilini athuthukile.

imodeli Kuvunguza

Project lwempilo, okuyizinto imijikelezo ezahlukene, zenzelwe ngokuvumelana imodeli Kuvunguza. On ngabunye kunqunywa nekusebenta ukuthuthukiswa ngokuhambisana ukubaluleka kwayo. Le modeli libhekene yokuthi sokugcwaliseka kwaso ingenye izikhundla ukhiye babelwe ingozi ingxenye, okuvame kuhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo:

• bikho kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe futhi nakho;
• ithuba lokuya phezu isabelomali noma angahlangabezani zokukhokha esibekiwe;
• Ukuhlobana ukuthuthukiswa ukulahlekelwa ngesikhathi nokuqaliswa kwalo;
• isidingo sokwenza izinguquko inqubo ukukhiqizwa;
• izingozi ezihlobene izici zangaphandle (ukuphazamiseka, izinguquko ezimweni emakethe, njalo njalo);
• Ukungafani umthamo ezingeni edingekayo;
• ukuphikisana umsebenzi eminyangweni ehlukahlukene.

imodeli ekhuphukayo

Project umjikelezo wokuphila angabhekwa ngokuya imodeli ekhuphukayo. I abaluleke kakhulu bese walungisiswa ukusetshenziswa kwalo kungaba esimweni lapho kucatshangwa umsebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi olunzulu inani elikhulu iqhaza. Kulokhu, ivolumu iphrojekthi sehlukaniswe tincenye ezincane eziningi ukuba igcwaliseke ingxenye yayo, kuyothi tente emikhulu phrojekthi.

imodeli yokwanda akudingi yesikhathi esisodwa utshalomali yazo zonke lemali edingekile of izimali. Kungenzeka ukuba kancane kancane ukwethula nengcosana, esehlanganise ngayinye izigaba. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi sinqamukile wonke umsebenzi phansi izingxenye ezincane, kuba impela nezimo futhi ivumela ngasiphi isikhathi ukuze wenze ushintsho olufanele. Futhi enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kuyinto ukunciphisa izingozi ukuthi ngokulinganayo basakaza phakathi izigaba (ziyakhula).

Izimiso ze-ukuphila lomjikelezo iphrojekthi

ukuphila Project imijikelezo zinezikhathi eziningi izimiso, okuyilezi:

• ukuba khona uhlelo eningiliziwe, okuyinto washo ngokucacile zonke ezithiwa, imigomo, ababambiqhaza, kanye izinkomba ngokuya zezinombolo, lekumele azuzwe ngesisekelo umsebenzi;
• Kumele yakhelwe kwesistimu yokubika, lapho lapho beqeda esinyathelweni ngasinye ukuqapha nokulandela impumelelo okuyothiwa;
• khona uhlelo ukuhlaziywa, owawuthi kungenziwa wabikezela isimo esizayo, enombono wokwenza izinguquko;
• inhlangano kumele simiso Isigameko Response esungulwe, umsebenzi angase aqondiswe endaweni efanele nganoma isiphi isigaba sayo yonke le umjikelezo wokuphila.

Isibonelo umjikeleto wemphilo iphrojekthi sika

Kubalulekile ukuhlola umkhuba umjikelezo wokuphila phrojekthi. Isibonelo - ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa onobuhle ezintsha smartphone. Ngakho, ukwenza izinyathelo ezilandelayo kokuqala:

• kwakha imigomo - okwandayo yokuthengisa, ngokufaka izimakethe ezintsha;
• Indaba eyimpumelelo - ekuhlaziyweni onobuhle ekhona kanye nezidingo abathengi;
• yokufunda kanye ukulungiswa olunikezwa ukuthuthukiswa;
• umdwebo lapho kwenziwa uhlelo lokusetshenziswa, okuyinto lizobonisa ukuqaliswa ethize sikhathi, abahlanganyeli kanye izinqumo, kanye isabelomali yephrojekthi.

ukuthuthukiswa isigaba kusho okugxile esemqoka futhi kuhlanganisa:

• ukuqoka imenenja project - kungaba unjiniyela ehola noma umuntu ekhuluma ne iziphakamiso ukuhleleka ;
• ukucinga imithombo yokuxhasa ngemali - ukuheha abatshalizimali noma ukusebenzisa izinqolobane ayo;
• uma kunesidingo, uthenge imishini ekhethekile, izingxenye kanye isofthiwe;
• It kwenziwe ukuhlaziya ingozi, okuyinto kungase kuhlobane izenzo izimbangi noma umthengi yokusabela kuya umkhiqizo omusha.

Kokulenza yephrojekthi iqala inqubo ukukhiqizwa onobuhle ezintsha smartphone. Kubalulekile ukuba ngokuqhubekayo nokuqapha ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo, ukuhambisana zokukhokha, futhi okubaluleke - ikhwalithi nokulandela imiphumela okuhleliwe.

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina yonke imisebenzi zokukhiqiza kumele igcwaliswe, futhi umkhiqizo umkhankaso emakethe (emva pre-testing). Futhi, lapho kumele kwenziwe control Ukusebenzisa imali nasekubulaleni zokukhokha.