Inqubomgomo yamanani kanye nendima yayo kumasu wokukhangisa esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod

Ukuphakama okukhulu kwezifunda zaseRussia kunomthelela ekwandeni kwenani lezinkampani zokutshala izimali zakwamanye amazwe ezifisa ukuthuthukisa ubuhlobo bebhizinisi nebhizinisi lesifunda, lapho ukubambisana kungabasiza khona ekukhuleni. Izifunda zinethuba lokuphishekela izinqubomgomo zenhlalo nezomnotho ngokuzimela . Izindlela zokuxazulula lezi zinkinga ziyizixhobo zokumaketha kwendawo, inqubomgomo enjalo yamanani ekukhangiseni, okungaxazulula izinkinga zokutshala izimali (ezentengiselwano) nokukhangiswa kwezivakashi zesifunda futhi, okokuqala:

- ezokuphatha, ezombusazwe, ezenhlalo nezomnotho, izinsiza zezezimali;

- izinsiza ezihlose ukwakha isithombe esihle esifundeni: ama-fairs wesifunda kanye namazwe angaphandle, ukukhushulwa, izincwajana, ulwazi, ukuthumela ulwazi kwi-Inthanethi, nokuningi;

- izinsiza ezihlose ukuthuthukisa ibhizinisi kanye nempilo yamasiko esifundeni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwemibono yanamuhla yokumaketha kwesifunda, inqubomgomo yamanani ekhono kule ngxenye yomsebenzi wezomnotho, iyadingeka namuhla ukuqinisekisa ukukhula komnotho kwezifunda. Isibonelo, esifundeni saseNizhny Novgorod, sinesimo esihle sokutshala izimali eRussia , yisibonelo esiphumelele kakhulu esifundeni esinokuvakasha okukhulu nokutshalwa kwezimali.

Ngokuhambisana neNhlelo eyamukelekile yokuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifundazwe kuze kufike ngo-2020, izigaba eziqakathekileko zentuthuko yezimboni zesifunda ziye zatholakala: imoto, ubuchwepheshe bezokwaziswa, amakhemikhali kanye ne-petrochemistry, izindiza zezindiza kanye nemetallurgy, izinto zokwakha kanye nokuvakasha. Lesi sifundazwe senze indlela yokuphatha eyingqayizivele yokusekela amaphrojekthi okutshala izimali, okuhloswe ngokuyinhloko ekunciphiseni izindleko ezibucayi kanye nokuhlinzeka okuncamekayo okuhlukahlukene kwabasebenzisa amaphrojekthi okutshala izimali.

Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, lesi sifundazwe sabhekana nokukhula okuphezulu kokutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphandle. Uma ngo-2007 inani lemali yokutshala izimali zangaphandle lilinganiselwa ku-469 million zamaRandi aseMelika, ngo-2011 selifinyelele kakade ngo-710.2 wezigidi zamaRandi. Esikhathini esizayo, kuhloswe ukuzinzisa izinga lokukhula ngonyaka lonyaka wokutshalisa kwamanye amazwe ku-115% ngonyaka, okuzovumela ukuhlela amasu kule ndawo yomnotho, ngokushesha ukucacisa ukuthi iyiphi inqubomgomo yamanani ephumelela kakhulu ekufezeni iphrojekthi yokutshala izimali.

Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod singenye yezindawo ezinkulu ezimbonini zaseRussia.

Ngokwe-GDP, lesi sifunda sihlanganisa i-7 eRussia, kanye nomkhakha wayo wokucubungula olawulwa yizimboni zokucubungula. Imboni ye-extractive ayikho ngaphezu kwe-1.7%. Isimboni sendawo sinamabhizinisi angaphezu kuka-650 000 anabantu abangaphezu kuka-700 abayizinkulungwane zokusebenza, noma 62% inani labasebenzi. Ukuqala kwalesi sifundazwe yizinga eliphakeme lokuthuthukiswa komshini wokwakha umshini (43.6% weGDP yesifunda), i-metallurgy (16.7%), i-petrochemistry (6.9%), uphethiloli namandla (9.7%), imboni yokudla (9.7%) , I-Forestry complex (4.4%), kanye nezamabhizinisi ezimboni zokuzivikela ezinesidingo esifanele sokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa.

Umkhakha wesayense nezobuchwepheshe umelwe izinhlangano ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 ezihlukene zesayensi, ezivela emasimini ezifundo kuze kube yimikhakha yamafemu nezitshalo esifundeni. Inqubo yesayense yenhlangano yokukhiqiza isenza sikwazi ukuhlela ngokuphumelelayo ukuthi inqubomgomo yamanani ebhizinisini inenzuzo kakhulu esimeni sokuhweba esishintshashintshayo. Abafundi abangaphezu kuka-200 000 bafunda ohlelweni lwezemfundo esifundeni, kubandakanya ochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe. Izindlela zanamuhla zezemfundo, inqubomgomo yemali yokufundisa ngentando yeningi, yenza isifunda sibe ngokwanele ngokwanele ekuhlinzekeni ochwepheshe kuwo wonke amazinga emikhakheni ehlukene yomnotho wesifunda.

Isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod futhi ikakhulukazi iNizhny Novgorod phakathi nesikhathi saseSoviet kwakuyindawo "evaliwe" yokungena kwezivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalokho, namuhla isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod asikwazi kangako ngamanani ayo angase abe nawo futhi asinayo isithombe esimeme phesheya. Kodwa amandla amakhulu esifundazwe, amasu ethuthukisa ngokunethezeka kanye nenqubomgomo yamanani kule nkampani, izinkampani zokukhangisa, ngezimali, inzalo eqotho kanye nesinyathelo, ngokwengxenye yezinhlangano zomnotho, ngokuqinisekile kunganikeza ukuheha okutshala izimali esifundeni.