Imbongi Russian Konstantin Fofanov: Biography, lokusungula

Imbongi awusiwo owaleli zwe, kukhona njalo isesimweni bedidekile futhi izwe imibono, manje ngilukhohliwe - Constantine Fofanov. Ukubukeka kwaso kancane scruffy, okwakunginika ukufana ne elinamandla, isiwula ongcwele ngesinyenyela noma isinxibi, akazange anike isizathu sokukholelwa elingaphakathi ekhaliphile. Lokhu webumbacambili ephambanisa eziningi, kodwa kuphela kuze kube ngomzuzu lapho imbongi waqala ukufunda izinkondlo ...

osizi lwasebuntwaneni

Konstantin Fofanov wazalwa Petersburg ngo-1862, ngo-May 30. Ubaba wayengumuntu umthengisi encane ababevela abalimi, kodwa hhayi wayeyazi ezindabeni kwezohwebo, ngokushesha okukhulu elahlekile zonke isimo. Imbongi esizayo wayengenye yezingane eziyishumi. Ngenxa yezimo umndeni, imfundo ehlelekile uConstantine Fofanov ayitholakalanga. Kwaphela izinyanga eziningana wafundiswa ezindlini ezehlukene yangasese, isikhashana edolobheni Petersburg College. It wathola ingqikithi imfundo ekilasini ezintathu kuphela.

ngepeni test

Okokuqala ngabhala izinkondlo belingisa Nekrasov. Ngakho-ke, ngalesi sikhathi kwakungakabi 14. ngu elishumi linamithandathu uyawuthanda yeBhayibheli, usiba lwayo ngaphandle umugqa evelele ethandwa. Ngo-1881, efana inkondlo ngegama okungelona libhalwe ephephandabeni "Russian umJuda". Nakuba yabhalwa ngo-1885, i- "Sacrament Onothando" futhi inyatheliswe umagazini "The Observer" Ngo-1888, kwaholela ekuqulweni kwecala, okwaphumela umagazini ivaliwe. Ngesikhathi kwaba wokuhamba shicilelo. imbongi, izinkondlo osekuyiminyaka cishe yizo zonke izincwadi naso, futhi ngisho ephephandabeni "Era okusha" ngaphansi kokuqondisa Suvorin.

incwadi yokuqala imbongi isihloko linesizotha "Tinkondlo," esanyatheliswa ngo-1887. Le ncwadi waya cishe ziyasibona abafundi noma a baxgeki. Kuyaphoqa wathola ke kanye Pushkin Prize, kuqokwe abantu okuyinto okuqalwe Polonsky. Kodwa intshiseko exuberant savusa iqoqo IIya Repin. Yena wayenikeze ka Fofanova kwaba umngane wakhe omkhulu kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Kodwa-ke kungazelelwe efa Nadson, owabiza imbongi abasha "omkhulu ithalente etemibhalo umthunzi luyingxenye kwezobuciko." A isitayela olusankondlo Fofanova, indoda ukubuqonda ukuphoxwa ukuphila, kodwa musa avuke engasenalo ukholo, livele a imiculo ukuqhubeka nadsonovskoy. Zonke ikakhulukazi lapho impilo yabezindaba asekelwe Nadson DEBUT iqoqo imbongi.

esingenathemba romantic

Against isizinda okwandayo wamavukelambuso ukunyakaza kwenzekani nciphisa amasiko zezinkondlo Russian kanye nokuphakamisa nezokusigcoba "wamavukelambuso-yeningi 'izinkondlo. Phakathi nale nkathi izinkondlo ngoKonstantin Mikhailovich iba esidayisa romantic. H. Bialy wabhala ukuthi inkondlo kuyinto amathoni amazing kanye poluzvukov ukuthi uyakwazi adlulisele isimo sengqondo, etshuza phakathi nosizi nenjabulo. Kuyinto lezi imigqa ukuthi wayentula zikhathi ezigcwele izinkathazo lapho kwadingeka ukuba aphile. Ngalesi Fofanova baziswa Leskov, Polonsky, Tolstoy, Mike. A Symbolist Balmont futhi Bruce wammemela babambisane nabo kule Anthology "Northern Flowers".

Suvorin ukunyusele imbongi ishicilela iqoqo izinkondlo zakhe yesibili. Zonke ngaphansi kwesihloko esifanayo kuqondile. Encwadini wesithathu uConstantine Fofanova yayinesihloko esithi "Shadows nemikarisomraro." Weza ngo 1892. Ngemuva ke kukhona indaba evesini "Baron CLACSO", ngokuvumelana abagxeki, kuba inkulumo yokulingisa lula "Evgeniya Onegina".

love story

Ngo-1887, uKonstantin Fofanov ashade Tupolev uLidiya Konstantinovna. Wayengeyena nje enhle, wayeshaye phansi uthando ngendlela engachazeki. ubudlelwane zabo ezakhiwa romantic kakhulu. Lida wahlangana umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo eminyakeni 14, njengoba yesikole, ngomdlandla cwaka izinkondlo zakhe. Ngemva kwesikhashana imbongi ezinikezela umugqa wakhe we "Star ecacile, izinkanyezi amahle."

"Enchanted Prince"

Emibuthanweni etemibhalo Fofanov Konstantin Mihaylovich kwabalelwa phakathi decadents. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa lamabutho nokuphika ngokoqobo esivuna ukwamukelwa of zalabo nemibono kumnandi, kanye ngenxa Ukufuna izindlela ezintsha ezincwadini kanye urbanism ezijulile.

Izazi Literary bakholelwa ukuthi imbongi kwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinkondlo Russian. Kukhona ngisho kwencazelo "inkathi fofanovsky." Kuyinto isikhawu minyaka eyishumi edlule, okuyinto phakathi 1880s maphakathi kanye 1890s. Konstantin Fofanov, ogama izinkondlo bathole ukusabela okuhlukahlukene kakhulu phakathi abathandi wezinkondlo kwaba bavumelane kwemizwa umphakathi ithole abalingisi abaningi.

kufanekisa kuzalwa

Ngakho Abaphila Besikhathi ebheka khona ukuthi it is ngokumangalisayo deftly uqhathanisa benemibono engcono sokungokoqobo ongaphakeme ukuthi izinkondlo zakhe kukhona declarative ezahlukene, ngobudedengu sitayela kolimi ngesikhathi esifanayo lawa amazwi amahle. A inkululeko emigqeni yakhe umfundi ibonwa Ngenxa yokuthi wabona ukuthi ngobuqotho. Kukholakala ukuthi imbongi - symbolist. Kodwa eqinisweni, ochwepheshe ukulandelela e izinkondlo zakhe izici aphuma okwenza kwamasikho yesimanjemanje. Hhayi lutho lwabelwe "fofanovsky" inkathi, uvumelane ne "Twilight" Inkathi yokujama tsi.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke of abayithandayo yakhe iyakwazi ukuhlukanisa laseChekhov, I. Repin, A. Maikov, ikakhulukazi yakwamukela wakhuluma ngesimo Fofanova symbolist imbongi Bryusov. By the way, abaholi bale nhlangano siyaziqhenya ukukhuluma ngomonakalo owenziwa obube nawo phezu kwabo dvoemirnaya Fofanova izinkondlo ezinesigqi.

Wabaphatha distaste omnene. Isizathu sisobala. Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i e-1895 amaqoqo eziningana symbolist imbongi inkathi aqala ukuncipha. Isidingo ke kwakungasekho. Fofanov uConstantine ezama ukuqondisa kabusha umsebenzi wabo. Kukhona izinkondlo mayelana le esontweni Lva Tolstogo, mayelana indlala ...

"Isibani wami liphele"

ULeo Tolstoy, imbongi bebheka imbongi lencono sikhatsi sakhe, waphawula ukuthi ukuphila kwakhe konke e ubumpofu sizungezwe inani elikhulu izingane. Akumangazi ukuthi Konstantin Fofanov, imbongi romantic, shí otshwaleni. Tinkondlo ngoba uthole okuningi. Kodwa izinkinga neze singena sisodwa. Imbongi wafa izingane ezimbili, futhi nalemvelaphi kwenzeka ukuwohloka.

Ngemva enesifo sengqondo ezinzima esibhekene nabo-1890, kanye nokwelashwa eside uConstantine Fofanov uyaqhubeka ukubhala. Ngalesi sikhathi umkhaya wathuthela Gatchina. Imbongi uthanda le ndawo. Lapha nokuhambela kwakhe Bryusov futhi Repin. Lapha igama elithi "umfundisi neNkosi" yakhe ngokuphindaphindiwe wavakashelwa I. Owasenyakatho. Anakho eziningi izinkondlo anikezelwe imbongi kanye komuzi wakubo awuthandayo: "Lapha inkosi wabhalela imiyalo yakhe futhi Fofanov ubhala izinkondlo ..."

Tinkondlo, yezinganekwane ballads Fofanova eyanyatheliswa ngo yezindaba. Ngakho-ke, ngisho ukulungele ukushicilela amaqoqo amabili: (. Kuhlanganisa izinkondlo 1901-1906) "Esters" Futhi "Wings nangezinyembezi" (izinkondlo ezibhalwe kusukela ngo-1907 kuya ku-1911). ayikwazanga ukuwashicilela.

Ngoba noma yini izizathu, siye sabona ukukhanya nje iqoqo "Illusions" netinkondlo ezimbili: "Ngemva Calvary" futhi "inoveli kwelivamile" (aphinde ukwenza lo Pushkin ethandekayo, "Little House Kolomna").

Ukuvukela 1905, ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga eyalotshwa imbongi phuca kuye abafundi zokugcina. Ubumpofu ifinyelela umkhawulo, ngakho ngokucindezela ukuthi iphephandaba elilodwa Fofanov ukuphrinta izikhangiso mayelana isifiso ukubandakanya a ukuzihlanza, mnyango, ngisho ngokobulili. Ngemva konyaka, sokuvaleleka, lapho sizama ukudayisa amavolumu nanhlanu yemisebenzi yakhe ruble ayinkulungwane kuphela.

Uma ucabangela ukuphila kwayo Ukunganeliseki nasesiyaluyalwini wathela ayengayilungiselelanga ngezinye izikhathi ukubhuqa. Yini asihlali ngaphandle kwemiphumela. Benza amahlaya kwavele kwenza waphika esicashile ka-Aleksandru III, ukushayela kuye ejele lendawo amasonto amabili njengoba alithembekile kwezombusazwe.

Bese kwakubonakala okunye ukuhlasela zelashwe sifo. Mhlawumbe, ngakho-ke, ulahlekelwe izimfanelo zabo volitional, iziphuzo, kushintsha njalo nendawo yokuhlala futhi beggary kule nkathi Constantine Fofanov. Biography imbongi akuyona eside kangaka. Ngo-1911 uqala round esisha izifo, izifo ezindala abasha zingezwa.

Inkosikazi ngenxa yokungazi ukuthi ngenzeni, sicela umhleli, eyakhululwa incwadi yakhe, ukuqoqa izimali zokwelashwa kwelinye izibhedlela Petersburg. Kodwa konke ngeze. 30 Meyi, 1911 Konstantin Fofanov uyafa.

"Izinkondlo zami, efana iwayini eziyigugu, sako kuyofika"

Ngokumangalisayo imbongi romantic babhala lyrical landscape, wayengumhlabeleli nomqambi kwentwasahlobo Meyi. Agudle yayo ezahlukene crystal ecacile futhi melodiousness. Abaningi babo ahambisana nomculo wezinsimbi.

inkondlo Ongokoqobo "The Poet," "Izimpisi," "I Enchanted iSikhulu Sokuthula," "Spring Inkondlo" zivuse nemizwelo eminingi ebuhlungu kule umfundi.