I-US uhlelo zokwahlulela oyiyo

Amandla zokwahlulela USA, njengoba kunoma yiliphi elinye izwe yeningi, ungomunye izinsika ezintathu zikahulumeni. Kanye uMongameli kanye Congress, iNkantolo Ephakeme, ngokuvumelana uMthethosisekelo we-United States of America, kuba omunye sabaphathi eliphakeme zemizimba kokuba tekuphatsa. Kodwa njengoba leli lizwe umphakathi cishe izifunda ezizimele, isici sobuntu uhlelo lwayo zokwahlulela kubonakala ukungabikho uhlelo enobunye. Singasho ukuthi esimweni ngesikhathi esifanayo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 ahlukene, parallel tebulungisa kuwo wonke umbuso futhi inethiwekhi ethile kahulumeni.

Ukuswela umuntu umugqa owodwa mpo ukuthi ligijima yonke isakhiwo American Justice, uchaza isizinda esingokomlando ezathonya kumiswa isimiso somthetho sangaleso isimo ngasinye. Nokho, ungakwazi ukugqamisa main izici division of izikhulu Justice, lapho US lwebulungisa kusekelwe. Lokhu ezintathu (ezindaweni ezincane noma inombolo ukuhlanganiswa kwemibuso futhi izifunda sabantu - amabili) esiteji izinkantolo jikelele, okuyinto kwahambisana zonke izinhlobo izikhungo nge amandla elinganiselwe. Isigaba sokuqala sale isakhiwo kukhona izinkantolo wesifunda komthetho. Baqale kokuzwa amacala civil kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu, ngaphandle kwalezo, okuyinto, ngokusho ngokucacile yayo, kufanele aphathwe neminyango ezikhethekile.

Lezo zinhlaka ekhethekile ezikhethekile, isimiso sokwahlulela US uye eyaqanjwa eziningi. Kwamanye amazwe, kuba ikakhulukazi le izinkantolo lempi, kodwa lapha sibona anhlobonhlobo kumangala ehlukahlukene izimo ukuthi ithunyelwa lezi zindikimba. Kungenzeka, isibonelo, izinqubo ku izingane, ku udlame lwasekhaya, ku ucabanga ezinkantolo ngenxa division indawo bezwe phakathi kwabanikazi, izimo eziphathelene intela, namanye amazwe kanye nabanye. Amakhotho wesifunda yomthetho jikelele ukusebenza izimantshi federal, abanale ukweseka imisebenzi, kanye ibhizinisi amacala amancane okuyiwona umthetho ihlinzeka esiphezulu $ 1,000 emihle noma unyaka wonke ejele.

Uma isakhamuzi ufisa inselelo ukwahlulela noma isinqumo umahluleli Isehlakalo sokuqala, isimiso sokwahlulela US umnikeza ithuba: badinga kuphela ukuthumela isikhalazo efanelekayo ehlelekileko omunye izinkantolo 13 adlulisiwe, okuyinto Kwamiswa ngo-1891 futhi umele isigaba esimaphakathi phakathi amabhodi wesifunda futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme US. yomthetho Wendawo ngayinye izitsha ezinjalo asidlulisela linani lelehlukile uthi (ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi). Emihlanganweni abathintekayo uyilungu okhethekile INkantolo Ephakeme enikezwa isikhungo.

Ezingeni federal, US lwebulungisa is owawusekelwe izimo ezihlukahlukene "nadshtatnogo" ezingeni kanye neNkantolo yezwe njengoba igunya isitho Ephakeme. Ngo nabahluleli ayisishiyagalolunye. Bonke oqokwe nguMongameli futhi inqubo yokuvunyelwa e iSigele. Ngokuhamba Emisiwe and uMongameli we Supreme Court. Izinqumo kulomzimba yokutholwa ikhoramu lapho ivoti abantu abayisithupha ngoba. Ilungelo labaqeqeshi Court ukuthola izikhalazo kwi aphansi enkantolo isikhungo uma ukubhekana imibuzo ebalulekile kahulumeni noma isinqumo sathathwa ngesisekelo imithetho ephambene United States uMthethosisekelo. Njengoba isigaba sokuqala sohlelo izinkantolo federal ehilelekile ukubuyekezwa kumangala kwezifunda noma izehlakalo eziphathelene patent, zokuxhumana zasolwandle, i-copyright, kanye amanxusa akwamanye amazwe.

I-US lwebulungisa akugcini lizwe. Amandla ezinkantolo wesifunda isinyathelo ezindaweni ezine kwamanye amazwe (isibonelo, i-Puerto Rico), ngaphansi kokulawula-United States. Njengoba ubona, isistimu olubanzi ubulungiswa unika US Ukuvikelwa isakhamuzi futhi unelungelo lokukhalaza kuwo wonke amazinga. Ngu kulolu hlu isikhathi eside, usengakwazi ukwengeza ibhodi tribal ezisebenza ukubhuka yomdabu. Bona bekwi Ukucabangela kumangala phakathi Indians - Amalungu zokuhlala.