I-Museum ne-Exhibition Complex "iVolokolamsky Kremlin" - iparele lezakhiwo zesifunda saseMoscow

I-Volokolamsk ingenye yemizi yesifunda saseMoscow, futhi bekungeke kube yinto engavamile, akunjalo ngomlando wayo wasendulo kanye ne-Kremlin eyasinda kuze kube yilolu suku. Uma siphendukela kumadokhumenti omlando, akulula ukubona ukuthi isisulu seSlavic esakhiweni salesi sikhungo sasikhona ngaphambi kokusekelwa kweMoscow. I-Volokolamsk Kremlin iyisikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele nesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esivulwe namuhla kubavakashi.

Umlando wedolobha ne-Kremlin

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala komuzi kule ndawo kumadokhumenti omlando ubuyele emuva ku-1135. Ngaleso sikhathi indawo yokuhlala yayibizwa ngeWolok eLama. Lona idolobha elidala kunazo zonke esifundeni sonke saseMoscow, ngisho nenhloko-dolobha ngokwayo ingenani iminyaka engama-12 ubudala. Ngokuvamile wayebizwa ngokuthi uVolokom noma uVolok Lamsky - ngakho-ke kulula ukuqagela umsuka wegama lanamuhla. Kungani leli dolobha elimanga kangaka libizwa ngokuthi isisekelo?

Konke kulula ngokwanele. Kanye nama-Novgoroders "adonsela" (adlulisele) imikhumbi yawo kusukela eMfuleni i-Lama waya eVoloshnya. Egqumeni eliphakeme kakhulu kwakukhona indawo yaseSlavic yasendulo, egcwele indawo yokuqamba futhi iqinisekiswe ngezindonga zamapulangwe, nemibhoshongo ne-palisade. Idolobha labhujiswa izikhathi eziningana, futhi ngesikhathi esifanele endaweni yendawo enqaba yamathredrals ekhule kakhulu - lokhu kuyi-Volokolamsky Kremlin yanamuhla. Umlando wesakhiwo ngasinye ensimini yaso iyamangalisa futhi iyamangalisa. I-Cathedral Yokuvuswa yakhiwa cishe ngo-1480 ngomyalo kaPrince Volotsky - namuhla isakhiwo esidala kunazozonke zezakhiwo zokwakha. Eminyakeni 1853-1862. Ekukhunjweni kwalabo ababulewe eMpini YaseCrimea, iSt. Nicholas Cathedral yakhiwa.

I-Kremlin eVolokolamsk phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili futhi kamuva

Ngesinye isikhathi eVolokolamsk kwakukhona izindlu eziningi zezindela eziyisihlanu, okwakwenziwa kuzo zonke izinqaba zezinqaba. Namuhla nje kuphela i-Kremlin kanye namasonto amaningana ahlala kulo lonke lobuhle. I-Cathedral Yokuvuswa ivaliwe ngawo-1930. Phakathi neMpi Enkulu yePatriotic kwakukhona ikamu lamaJalimane athunjiwe. Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, i-cathedral yahlala ivaliwe futhi yabhujiswa kancane isikhathi eside.

Ngawo-1960, iVolokolamsky Kremlin yaziwa njengesikhumbuzo sezakhiwo futhi ifakwe ohlelweni lokuvikelwa nokubuyiselwa. Ngokusemthethweni, i-museum kanye nembukiso eyinkimbinkimbi yavulwa ngo-1989. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi ujabulela ukuthandwa okungenakuqhathaniswa nezivakashi.

Izakhiwo zenkolo zeVolokolamsk Kremlin

I-Cathedral yovuko - omunye wabakhulu kunabo bonke emadolobheni. Yakhiwe ngekhulu le-XV. Isakhiwo senziwe ngamatshe amhlophe. Ikhompeli elikhulu elinamapulangwe amane linamakhanda anekhanda elilodwa elinompheme onjenge-helmet, eligcwaliswa umgwaqo ovulekile. Ngokuvamile, isicabha lesethempelini libukeka lihlukaniswe libe izingxenye ezimbili yi-fracze ye-terracotta. I-Cathedral yovuko inezilinganiso ezifanele futhi ibukeka ngokumangalisayo ngokuvumelana. Esikhathini sekhulu le-XIX, inqaba yensimbi yanezelwa esakhiweni sesonto, esinama-5 amathathu. Namuhla ukwakhiwa kwe-cathedral kungokwimyuziyamu yasendaweni yendawo yokuhlala, kodwa ezinye izakhiwo zibuyiselwe, futhi lapha izinkonzo zamasonto onke zigcinwe.

Isonto lesibili yi-Nikolsky. Yakhiwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX ekukhunjweni kwezihluthulelo zeMpi YeCrimea. Leli thempeli libuye elilodwa, elinesigcawu, i-zadekorirovannym ngesitayela esingamanga-isiRussia. Esikhathini sobuqili kumigqa emibili itholakala amawindi afakwe ngaphakathi. Ngaphakathi kwesikhungo samasonto namuhla kuneminyuziyamu yendawo yokuhlala lapho ungabona khona imibukiso ekhuluma ngomlando wesifunda kusukela ngekhulu le-4 BC. Kwinye ihholo lokubukisa, isakhiwo seSonto seSonto saphenduka. I-Volokolamsky Kremlin ingaziqhenya ngomunye umkhwenyana - ucingo olunamathengi obomvu, okwakhiwa ngo-1862. Omunye wemibhoshongo yekhoneni yisonto.

Imyuziyamu nemiboniso eVolokolamsk Kremlin

Esikhathini esingokomlando saseVolokolamsk awukwazi nje ukuwazisa izikhumbuzo zokwakha, kodwa futhi ufunde okuningi ngalesi sifunda esimangalisayo. Iningi lezakhiwo ze-Kremlin ligcinwa kumamyuziyamu omlando wendawo, lapho ungakwazi ukulandelela wonke umlando wesifunda kusukela ngesikhathi abantu bokuqala bevela kulezi zindawo (i-IV leminyaka BC). Kuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi uma unqume ukudlula yonke i-Volokolamsky Kremlin, amahora okuvula emahhovisi omnyuziyamu avela ku-9.00 kuya ku-17.00.

Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha ungafunda umlando ogcwele wesisekelo somuzi, amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamasonto, amathempeli nezinye izakhiwo ezivelele, kanye "nokwazi" eduze kakhulu nabantu abaningi abavelele ababehlala futhi basebenza lapha eminyakeni eminingi edlule.

Ulwazi oluwusizo lwabavakashi

I-Volokolamsky Kremlin ivame ukufika nje kuphela ukufisa ukubuka izikhumbuzo zakudala zendawo zokwakha, kodwa futhi nabantu abakholwayo. I-Cathedral Yokuvuswa namuhla ithempeli elisebenzayo kanye neyodwa yamahholo ombukiso weminyuziyamu yomlando wendawo yaseVolokolamsk. Kunzima kakhulu ukuya enkonzweni kunokubona iqoqo lemyuziyamu - izenzakalo zenkolo zenziwa lapha ngesilinganiso kanye ngesonto. Enye yezinhlinzeko ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke ezokuvakasha yikhuphukela embhoshongweni wensimbi. Izindleko zohambo olunjalo yi-ruble ayi-100 (ithikithi elidala ngaphandle kwezinzuzo). Izivakashi zingakhuphukela endaweni yesithathu (ipaki lokubona ngezingsimbi).

Kusukela enhlokodeni yeChamhedral Yomvuko umbono ocacile kakhulu wezwe laseKremlin futhi wonke umuzi uvula.

Ungayithola kanjani kuVolokolamsk?

Idolobha lasendulo litholakala ngamakhilomitha angu-98 ukusuka eMoscow. Kusuka enhloko-dolobha ungathola kuVolokolamsk ngezitimela zomgwaqo kanye nebhasi (isiteshini sebhasi eduze nesiteshi sesitimela "Tushinskaya"). Emotweni yangasese ungaya emigwaqweni ye-Novorizhskoe noma i- Volokolamskoe, landela izinkomba endleleni. Ukuhamba uhambo lwezokuvakasha, khumbula ukuthi i-museum kanye nembukiso eyinkimbinkimbi "Volokolamsky Kremlin" ivuliwe kuze kube ngu-17.00.