Indawo "Tauric Chersonesos": izithombe nokubuyekezwa kwezivakashi

I-Chersonese Tavrichesky - leli yigama elazalelwa edolobheni, elisekelwe ngamakholoni aseGrisi lasendulo eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili nengxenye edlule. Ukuhlala kwahlelwa engxenyeni eseningizimu-entshonalanga ye- peninsula yaseCrimea. Namuhla amanxiwa ale ndawo yokuhlala ayingqayizivele yeSevastopol. Kodwa labo bantu abafika kuqala enhloko-dolobha yaseCrimea, kuqala ukuvakashela i-dolphinarium, i-Panorama, iminyuziyamu ye-Black Sea Fleet ne-Aquarium futhi ngemuva kwalokho kuphela ukuya eChersonese yasendulo. Kodwa ekufikeni eSevastopol okwesibili, izivakashi ziya ngokushesha eChersonese, lapho kunethuba lokujabulela zonke izikhumbuzo zomlando zomhlaba, ukukhohlwa ukuthi kukhona impucuko.

Umsuka womuzi

Ikusasa iTauric Chersonesos ekuqaleni kwakuyindawo encane, ihlanganiswe kwelinye lamabhange echweba, okuthiwa yi-Quarantine namuhla. Lapho befika esifundazweni, amakholoni aletha nezikhali, ukudla, izitsha zasendlini. Babuye bathatha izingubo, ithuluzi lomsebenzi, futhi, mhlawumbe, izinkomo. Lapho befika ogwini lokwahlukanisa indawo, abaqoloni bahlala eduze nendawo, bebeka amatende abo eduze nemikhumbi yabo. Bazakhele izindlu zesikhashana. Lawa kwakungu-dugouts nama-huts. Ngemva kwalokho, abantu abasanda kufika baqala ukwakha izindawo zokuhlala ezihlala njalo.

I-Chersonese (izithombe ezinikezwe esihlokweni sethu) kamuva zisakazeka endaweni enhle kakhulu. Kodwa isayithi elikuleli phesheya laleli dolobha lalikhona futhi likhululekile kakhulu ukuhlala. Phela, imvelo ngokwayo yalungiselela indima yokuhlukanisa indawo yendawo esetshenziselwa ukupaka izimpahla. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni kokuphila kwabahlali, leli hhokazi lalibaluleke kakhulu. Lena yimizila kuphela eyayixhuma ne-motherland kanye nomthombo wamalungiselelo (ukudoba). Enye iqiniso, ngenxa yokuthi le ndawo ibhekwa njengento engcono kakhulu, ukuthi ivikelwe ethonyeni lemimoya ebandayo evela enyakatho-ntshonalanga nasenyakatho ngecala. I-Chersonesus yasendulo ekuqaleni yayingekho amahektare amane endaweni. Isibalo salo sasingabantu abangaba yinkulungwane nesigamu.

Kusukela eChersonese kuya eKherson

Igama elithi "Chersonese" elisuka olimini lwesiGreki lihunyushwe ngokuthi "i-peninsula". "ITavrichesky" kusho okuseTaurica, emazweni aseTaurus. Futhi i-Tauris ngokwabo yayingamalungu esizwe esiphikisayo, esinegama elibi. Lesi sizwe sasilwa njalo futhi sasinamandla kakhulu. Izwe labo laliyiCrimea yanamuhla. I-Chersonesos yeTaurus yayizungezwe cishe nxazonke.

Umbuso wedolobha laseChersonese ukhona cishe iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Futhi umlando wokuphila kwakhe awusizo nje kuphela e-Ukraine, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe afana neByzantium, i- Ancient Rome ne-Ancient Greece. I-Chersonese Taurian yasungulwa njengekoloni yedolobha elicebile neledumile laseGrisi likaHerakleia Pontus. Ngakho-ke, emasikweni akhe, amasiko namasiko aseGrithani kwenzeka isikhathi eside. Futhi wayenesihloko sokuhlala kwezokuhweba, futhi wenza nokusebenza kwezempi nombuso waseBossporus kanye namaSkithe.

Phakathi neMinyaka Ephakathi, uChersonesus wabizwa ngokuthi uKherson, nakuba emibhalweni yesandla yase-Ancient Rus kukhona igama elithi Korsun. Izinkulungwane zeminyaka Chersonesus (isithombe ngenhla) yayiyingxenye yoMbuso wonke waseByzantium. Ngakho-ke, umuzi waba yinhloko-dolobha yobuKristu kuyo yonke inhlonipho yaseCrimea. Futhi ngo-1399 Kherson yaphangwa futhi ishiswa ibutho likaKhan Yedigei.

Isisekelo sesigceme

Ngo-1892, lapho iChersonese itholakale khona (ibalazwe litholakala ngokuqhubekayo), kwakhiwa umyuziyamu wokuvubukula. Futhi ngo-1994, ngesinqumo sikaMongameli wase-Ukraine owenza ngaleso sikhathi, wanikezwa isimo se-reserve kazwelonke "uChersonese Tavrichesky". Inqolobane itholakala endaweni engamahektha angu-500. Futhi unyaka ngamunye uvakashelwe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu. Phakathi kwemisebenzi eyinhloko yemyuziyamu yilezi:

• Ucwaningo lwesimo sesayensi.
• Ukuphepha.
• Ukubuyiselwa kwezikhumbuzo zamasiko nezakhiwo.
• Ukuphakanyiswa.
• Ukudala izimo zokuzilibazisa nokuvakasha.
• Ukusetshenziswa okuphumelelayo nokuqondakalayo kwefa elikhona.

Inqolobane "Chersonese Tavrichesky" inayo intaba ye-hillfort, eyengxenye yekhulu le-V. BC. E. - i-XV leminyaka. N. E., Inqaba yesikhashana , inqaba yeCembalo, esekelwe eBalaklava futhi ingama-XIII-XVIII eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusekhona okuyingqayizivele kuhlobo lwawo lwe-antique farmsteads kanye nezindawo ezinikezwayo, okubonisa iPark yokuqala yokuHlabalala ensimini ye-Ukraine.

Isikhungo sezingqondo eziphakeme

Iminyango ngayinye yesikhungo ingaziqhayisa ngochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu abangabathanda ngempela lokho abakwenzayo. Phakathi kwabasebenzi bezinqolobane kukhona abathintekayo besayensi yesayensi abayisithupha, futhi abantu abayishumi bavele belungiselela uhlelo lokuvikela imisebenzi yabo yesayensi. I-reserve kazwelonke "iChersonese Tavrichesky" ilawulwa nguMqondisi Jikelele uLeonid Vasilievich Marchenko. Uphethe isihloko soMsebenzi Ohloniphekile WamaSiko wesifunda sase-Ukraine kanye nomuntu ozobhalwa isayensi yezomlando.

Ngenxa yokuthi kukhona izikhumbuzo eziyingqayizivele nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe, uChersonese waba isisekelo somkhuba wabafundi nabafundi. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifanele lapha izifundo eziwusizo zokuqeqesha abafundi ezifundweni naseyunivesithi yaseSt. Petersburg, eMoscow, eKharkov naseKiev.

I-Chersonese Tavrichesky idonsela isithakazelo esikhulu kubachwepheshe bamazwe angaphandle. Ngakho-ke, ezincwadini zala mazwe, izihloko kanye namanothi edolobheni lasendulo zivame ukuvela, futhi ezinkomfeni zamazwe ngamazwe ngokuvamile kuvame ukuzwa imibiko yocwaningo olwenziwa kulo muzi.

I-Chersonese eyithakazelisayo

Kwakukhona kuleli dolobha ukuthi labo ababephikisana nenqubomgomo yabaphathi baseConstantinople babekade bedingisiwe. Phakathi kwalabo bantu kwakungu-self-styled scion kaPhilippine Vardan ongumphikisi weRoma Roman, u-Justinian, futhi empeleni, uJustinian II ngokwakhe, kanye noPapa Martin. E-Chersonese kunemidlalo yaseshashalazini yasendulo, okuyinto eyodwa kuphela enhlobo yayo yonke indawo ye-SNM. Umuzi waseKherson wabizwa kanjalo nguMpress Catherine II ngokuhlonipha iChersonesos yasendulo.

Itheyetha yeChersonesos

ICrimea Chersonesus, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, yaba ngumnikazi weshashalazi yasendulo, eyakhiwa ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-III-IV. Indawo yaseshashalazini yayingabhekana nababukeli abangaphezu kwenkulungwane ngesikhathi. Lapho uChersonesus engaphansi kokubusa kwababusi basendulo, indawo yaseshashalazini yayisetshenziswa njengenkundla yempi yokulwa. Ngesikhathi, eMbusweni WamaRoma, ubuKristu buba yisisekelo esikhulu sokuvuma, zonke izinhlobo zomculo zazivinjelwe. Futhi emanxiweni enkundla yaseshashalazini wakha amasonto ambalwa azinhle.

Iziqhingi zeChersonesos

Phakathi kwezikhumbuzo zedolobha lasendulo, elifanelekile ukunakekelwa komuntu wonke, ungabiza insimbi yokubhema. Iphonswe ngo-1778. Ngokuba umkhiqizo walo wasebenzisa izibhamu zaseTurkey ezithathwe. Umsebenzi wensimbi kwakuwukuxwayisa ngemikhumbi eyayidlula ogwini esimweni esibi sezulu. Lapho iMpi YaseCrimea idlulisela indawo ephawulekayo yathunyelwa enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance. Kuphela ngo-1913 insimbi ye-misty yabuyiselwa endaweni yayo efanele.

Uphawu lweChersonesos lubhekwa njengelona "basilica enkulu". Kwakuyithempeli lokuqala lendawo elakhiwe ngekhulu lesithupha. Khona-ke idolobha lalibuswa uMbusi waseByzantium Justinian I. Iphansi lesonto laligcwele umongo. Kakade ekhulwini le-X emanxiweni ase-basilica yangaphambili yakhiwa ithempeli elisha. Ukuze ukwakhiwa kwalaba bakhi bezandla basebenzise i-wreckage yethempeli elidala. I-marble yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza amakholomu wesakhiwo, futhi yayilinganisa ngamakhilogremu angu-350.

Ukubuyekeza kanye nemibono yezivakashi

Labo ababenenhlanhla yokuvakashela uChersonesos abayingqayizivele nabangenakulinganiswa bathi ukutholakala komlando kuphela komusa wabo kwenza kube lula ukuthinta imiphakathi yasendulo bese igcoba umoya wabo. Phela, umlando wesifunda esingaphezu kweyodwa lapha ungafundwa kuwo wonke amatshe. Abavakatjhi bathi uChersonese injengomshini wesikhathi esithwala abantu ngesikhathi sokunqoba, izimpi zokulwa namabhishobhi kanye nemidlalo yokuqala yokudlala.