I-lymph node e-Supraclavicular: izimbangela zokwanda nokwelapha okuthile

Kungani ama-lymph nodes ase-supraclavicular akhuliswa? Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwalolu daba lwezinkinga zizofakwa ohlwini ngezansi. Futhi uzofunda ngalokho lezi zitho zimelela, okudingayo kumuntu, nendlela yokuphatha uma kwenzeka ukuvuvukala.

Ulwazi oluyisisekelo

Ama-Lymphonoduses aphezulu, awandise izikhathi eziningana, afakazela ukuhluleka okukhulu emzimbeni. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba akutshele ukuthi iziphi izifo eziphulukisa ukugula okunjalo, kufanele uthole ukuthi yiziphi izitho ezijwayelekile.

Ama-lymph nodes yizinhlayiya ezincane, ezisesimweni sazo zifana nobhontshisi. Njengoba wazi, zitholakala kuwo wonke umzimba womuntu futhi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso se-lymphatic, ukukhuthaza i-lymph nezakhi zokudla okunomsoco, kanye nokususa izinto ezingadingekile emzimbeni wegazi.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, i-lymph node ephakeme kakhulu nayo yonke isimiso se-lymph as ayingxenye ebalulekile yesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, esivikela umzimba ezifweni ezihlukahlukene. Izinhlayiya ezinjalo zihlunga i-lymph, zithathe ama-virus, amabhaktheriya nezinye izinto ezilimazayo, ezibhujiswa ngamaseli amhlophe egazi, noma okuthiwa i-lymphocytes.

I-Lymphonoduses ingaba yedwa noma iqoqwe. Ubukhulu babo buqala kusukela ezincane kuya ezinkulu. Esikhathini esivuthayo, i-lymph node ephakeme kakhulu iyabonakala esifundeni se-fracsa ephezulu. Futhi, izigulane ezinjalo zingabonakala endaweni engaphansi kwe-underarm kanye ne-groin, kodwa zinamanye amagama. Esimweni esinempilo, i-lymph nodes ayibangeli ubuhlungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayibonakali iso futhi akanandaba neze.

Izimbangela zokuvuvukala

Kungani ama-lymph nodes ase-supraclavicular akhuliswa? Izizathu zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezinjalo zingafihla ezinkingeni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile, ama- lymph nodes angashadile ayenamahloni futhi avuvuke ngenxa yokulimala okuhlukahlukene, kanye nezifo noma izifo ezithinta ngqo ngaphakathi kwazo noma ezithombeni eziseduze. Ngakho-ke, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izigulane ezithile ezivuthayo, ungase ubone nokuthi kungani zikhula.

Isibonelo, i- lymph node ye -supraclavicular ivutha ngenxa yesisu noma ukutheleleka esifubeni, amaphaphu, isisu noma intamo. Ngakho-ke, nge-pathology enjalo, kuqala kokuhlola lezi zitho.

Izifo ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwama-lymph nodes

Kungani i-lymph node ye-supraclavicular igxuma? Ukwandiswa kwalesi gland kungaqhubeka ngokuhambisana nokuvuvukala kwamanye ama-gland kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Kulokhu, bakhuluma nge-lymphadenopathy jikelele. Isimo esinjalo se-pathological ngokuvamile sibangela:

• I-Mononucleosis, izimpawu zazo ezibuhlungu, umkhuhlane kanye nokukhathala.
• Izifo ze-bacterial, kuhlanganise ne-pharyngitis ephawulekayo (ngenxa ye-bacterium streptococcus).
• Isifo se-Lyme (isifo sobhaktheriya esasakazwa yizinhlobo ezithile zezibungu).
• Ukutheleleka nge-viral kuyinto cytomegalovirus.
• Izifo ezifayo, okufaka phakathi i-rubella, isisimungumungwane, ama-mumps noma isikhwama sezinkukhu.
• I-Cancer, kuhlanganise nesifo sikaHodgkin, i-leukemia ne-lymphoma.

• Imiphumela emibi yokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa "Phenytoin", esetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuqubuka.
• Ukusabela okubi okuvela ekugonyeni ngokumelene namagciwane omuthi wesimungulu.
• I-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.
• Isifo se-Venereal yisifo sofuzo.

Ama-metastases aya kuma-lymph nodes angaphezu kwesigcawu

Umuthi wanamuhla uyazi izindlela ezilandelayo zokusakaza izicubu ezimbi:

• Lymphogenous;
• Ixutshwe;
• Okungajwayelekile.

Ukuze i-metastasis i-lymphogenous, ukungena kwamangqamuzana e-tumor kuqala kuqala emkhunjini we- lymphatic, bese kungena emaphethini omzimba oseduze noma okude, kuhlanganise ne-supraclavicular. Ngokuvamile, umdlavuza we-epithelial usakazeka ngale ndlela (isibonelo, i-melanoma). Le mastasis ifundwa kahle, ngakho-ke kulula kakhulu ukubona lesi sifo esiteji saso.

Ama-metastase ema-lymph nodes ngenhla kwe-clavicle avame ukukhula nomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma webele, kanye nama-neoplasms amabi kakhulu e-peritoneum.

Izimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa

Ama-metastases esithombeni njengesilo lymph node esiphezulu ngokuvamile asakazeka ngenxa yokuthi:

• Isici sobudala (sivela ikakhulukazi ekudala);
• Ubukhulu kanye nokwakhiwa kwendawo yokuqala kwe-neoplasm (isikhumba esikhulu izikhathi eziningana kwandisa amathuba okuthuthukisa imishanguzo);
• Izifo ezihambisanayo (izifo ezingapheli ezenza buthakathaka imizimba yomzimba);
• Ukusabalala kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza (ukwandisa kokubunjwa kwodonga lensimbi kuyingozi futhi kaningi kubangelwa imetastasis, kunokuba izikhumba zikhule zibe yi-lumen yesigungu).

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo

Iphi i- lymph nodes ephezulu ? Indawo yalezi zinhlayiya endaweni enempilo kunzima ukunquma. Uma izitho ezinjalo zivutha, zivele zifakwe kalula ku-fracsa ephezulu.

Ukubona ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph node kufanele kwenziwe kuphela udokotela onolwazi. Ngenxa yalokhu, uhlola isikhala esiphezulu esivela emathisini omzimba we-muscle kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwe-acromial-clavicular. Ngokwenza kanjalo, hlola ngokucophelela indawo emkhatsini wemilenze yemisipha eguqa. Kule ndawo, i-palpation yenziwa ngomunwe oyedwa noma indebe.

Ngokuhlolwa ngokucophelela nangokujulile kwemigodi yase-subclavia, izindawo zabo ezihamba phambili zixhunywe ngokuqondile emaphethelweni emisipha ye-deltoid. Kubantu abanempilo, ama-lymph nodes angama-supraclavicular awanakulinganiswa.

Ezinye izindlela zokuxilongwa

I-lymph node ephezulu evulekile ehlangothini kwesobunxele noma ngakwesokudla ingatholakala i-palpatory, okungukuthi, nge-palpation evamile ngezandla. Futhi, lezi zinhlayiya ziyatholakala ekucwaningweni ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

• I-Ultrasound. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Ultrasound ye-lymph node ephakeme kakhulu iyindlela efinyeleleka kakhulu, efundisa futhi engenabuhlungu yokuthola ukwanda kwayo okunamandla.
• I-tomography yekhompyutha yindlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuhlola isimo se-lymph nodes esingatholakali nge-palpation evamile.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray. Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu kakhulu. Njengomthetho, ama-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe atholakala esithombeni se-roentgenographic se-chest ngokuphelele ngengozi.
• I-Mediastinoscopy, i-thoracoscopy ne-laparoscopy.
• I-Biopsy.

Iphuzu lokugcina ekuxilongweni kanye nokusesha izimbangela zokwanda kwama-lymph nodes kungumphumela we-biopsy. Ezinye izindlela zokucwaninga zinikeza ulwazi kuphela ngezici zangaphandle zegciwane elivuthayo. Futhi emva kokuhlaziya isakhiwo salesi sitho ngaphansi kwe-microscope, kanye nokwenza ukuhlaziywa kwe-PCR kanye nesiko le-bacteriological, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhulume ngokuqiniseka ngokugcwele ngenhloso yangempela yokukhulisa i-lymph node.

Inqubo yokwelapha

Indlela yokuphulukisa i-lymph node e-srac supraclavicular ngakwesokudla noma kwesobunxele? Ukwelashwa kwe-gland enjalo kuqukethe ukususwa okusheshayo kwesizathu sokukhulisa, ukukhathazeka nokuvuvukala. Ngokuyinhloko, ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya kuphathwa ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ze-antibiotic, kanti igciwane lingadlula ngokwalo, ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.

Isimo esingathí sina sokuvuvukala kwe-lymph node esiphezulu yisifo esiwumdlavuza. Uma kukhona ngisho isizathu esincane sokusola ukuthi ukwanda kwalesi sitho kuhlotshaniswa nesifo sezinto eziphilayo, khona-ke i-biopsy futhi-ke, ukuhlola okuphelele nodokotela onolwazi kufanele kwenziwe.

Ngakho-ke, uma izilonda ze-supraclavicular ezandisiwe zingadluli inyanga eyodwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubukhulu babo abuzange buyeke, khona-ke kufanele ngokushesha uvakashele uchwepheshe oqeqeshiwe. Umuntu akanakusiza ukusho ukuthi izigulane ezinjalo zingagcina zivuvukala isikhathi eside emva kokudlulisa isifo esithathelwanayo. Lesi simo sivame kakhulu ezinganeni.

Ulwazi olukhethekile

Lapho ukwandisa ama-lymph nodes, kufaka phakathi ama-superraclavicular, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi:

• Ubukhulu be-lymph node esifundeni esivamile kuphakathi kuka-1-1.5 cm;
• Isizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula kulo mzimba ukutheleleka kwendawo;
• Uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwesiguli, kuphakama amathuba okulimaza kwalesi simo esibuhlungu;
• Ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-antibiotic ngaphandle kokusungula imbangela eqondile ye-lymphadenopathy yindlela yokuqamba yamanga (kuqala ukuxilongwa kufanele kwenziwe, bese kuphela ukwelashwa okufanelekile);
• Uma i-node ekhulisiwe ingakabikho phakathi nenyanga, ukuhlolwa kwayo kwe- hertological kanye ne-biopsy kwenziwa;

• Ukwandiswa kwama-glands kanye nesipelingi kudinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo;
• Ukwandiswa kwama-lymph nodes kanye nokwanda komshini wokushisa komzimba nobuhlungu endaweni yabo kubonisa isifo esithathelwanayo;
• I-lymph node biopsy ingenziwa kusukela entanyeni noma esifundeni se-axillary, futhi izitho zamakhansela endaweni yokugaya azifanelekile ukuxilongwa okunjalo;
• Ukuphefumula kwendwangu ekhulisiwe ngenaliti ye-biopsy ayithwali noma yiluphi ulwazi lokuxilonga, ngoba aluphi umqondo wezinguquko zesakhiwo.