Yak-9: izici futhi uma iqhathaniswa analogue

Yak-9 - fighter-webhomu, ikhishwa yiSoviet Union kusukela ngo-1942 kuya ku-1948. Lwakhiwe ngamalungu Tupolev Design Bureau futhi baba ezinkulu kakhulu fighter Soviet enkundleni yempi kweMpi Yezwe II. Eminyakeni eyisithupha ukukhiqizwa cishe 17,000 amakhophi ezakhiwa. Namuhla sizofunda indlela sibonga izici zalesi imodeli isibe yimpumelelo ngakho.

History of the Yak-9 fighter

Yona futhi le ndiza kwaba nomphumela Yak-7 sesimanje kanye ephelelwe yisikhathi ngaphezulu Yak-1. Ngokombono design, kuba inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye Yak-7. Ngaphandle, le Yak-9 cishe nsé esasisandulele, kodwa kungenjalo neliphelele kunalelo. Lapho edala abaklami bezindiza eziqhutshwa cishe iminyaka emibili nakho ekukhiqizeni ukulwa ukuxhashazwa imodeli Yak-1. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi kudalwa Abaklami entsha izindiza nethuba ebanzi ukusetshenziswa duralumin kunokuba ekuqaleni kwempi, ngesikhathi umkhakha Soviet kukhona untula kule material. Ukusebenzisa duralumin akunika kakhulu ukunciphisa isakhiwo mass. amakhilogramu Won onjiniyela kungasetshenziselwa ukwandisa the supply fuel, ukufakwa izikhali noma wehlukile imishini ekhethekile namandla kakhulu.

Fighter Yak-9 engumsizi abathembekile Soviet Air Force ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ngo-1944, lo mshini iye yasetshenziswa izinguqulo eziningana futhi bavelele inani lamakhophi encwadi engeyesibili zonke fighters ukuthi kukhona ngaleso sikhathi enkonzweni neSoviet Union. Cabanga nje: ngesikhathi Novosibirsk inombolo isitshalo 153 ngelanga ukukhiqiza 20 zalezi izindiza! Ngaphandle lokhu ibhizinisi, fighter ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi isitshalo eMoscow № 82 futhi Omsk isitshalo № 166.

Indiza wathatha ingxenye yonke imisebenzi kweSoviet Lasemoyeni, oqala Battle of kwaseStalingrad. Zonke izinguqulo fighter (futhi kwakukhona okuningi) kwadingeka indiza kakhulu futhi izici lobuchwepheshe kanye babe elingenalo komnikelo tekusebenta ezibangela izingozi. Kulokhu, umklamo izindiza yayilula kakhulu futhi bazivumelanisa ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo e sempi. Cishe zonke izinto ukwenziwa ekhiqizwa ku-sihlengezela.

design

Umsuka Yak-9 fighter wathola motor M nesikulufu-105PF Vish-61P. I sibonelo salokhu imodeli wakhonza khona njengenceku Yak-7DI. Umahluko omkhulu phakathi imodeli entsha kusuka eyandulela yilezi: inani uphethiloli, encishisiwe 500 kuya 320 kg; inani fuel amathangi, ziyancipha kusuka 4 kuya 2; supply uwoyela encishisiwe kusuka 50 kuya 30 kg; ukungabi ibhomu Racks ngoba zangaphandle ukumiswa amabhomu.

Kusukela umbono izikhali, Yak-9 abazange zihluke esasisandulele, omunye ShVAK isibhamu esisodwa isibhamu WCD. Ngenxa namazinga aphansi okukhiqiza nokulawula ngaphansi elawula ukukhiqizwa serial indiza, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ukukhululwa 'ebona, imodeli indiza Ukukhuluphala ukuze 2870-2875 kg.

fighter Soviet Yak-9 ezazinamandla kahle futhi kwaba lula ukusebenza. Empini phezu verticals wayekwazi ukuya umsila lesitha Mu-109F ngokoqobo emva ithuba lokuqala. Empini phezu horizontals okwesikhathi iqhinga efanayo kwakwanele 3-4 ematfuba.

Ehlobo lika-1943, ngenxa yokuntuleka ukuthuthukiswa ukwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe, izimoto eziningana ngesikhathi indiza waphula asezindongeni sokhuni iphiko. ukukhubazeka okunjalo zakhishwa njengoba zitholakala amaqembu akhethekile onjiniyela. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa nokulungiswa kamuva Yak-9 fighter, sokubuyekezwa onikelwa ngezansi, inkinga siqedwa ngokuphelele.

ukusebenza ukulwa

Eyokuqala Yak-9 fighters zazidilivwa phambi ekupheleni 1942 futhi wathatha ingxenye empini kwaseStalingrad. Ngo-1943, ngesikhathi mass ukudiliva lokuqala, kwatholakala eziningi amaphutha eziye aqedwa yesondlo nabasebenza phambi eKursk impi - ngowokuqala, lapho fighters imodeli esetshenziswa nabaningi. Ekuqaleni impi Yak-9, ngaphezu Yak-1 kanye Yak-7 esetshenziswa 5 fighter ukwahlukana izindiza, elinye lawo kwaba Guards. Ekupheleni kuka-July 1943 kwi eKursk Bulge wafika 11 Air Corps, eyayihlanganisa regiments ezintathu we Yak-9.

Ngisho kwempi yokuqala zasemoyeni, kwaba sobala ukuthi Yak-9 ilawulwa kahle futhi ezazinamandla, kodwa ijubane futhi ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ukuthi udliwe izindiza BF 109G futhi FW 190A.

Inguqulo ye-Yak-9T wathola bokuphakama qualitative phezu base kusukela umbono kwezikhali. Njengoba izibalo show-Yak 9 esichithwa eyodwa ukunqotshwa indiza isitha isilinganiso osezingeni projectiles 20 147 mm, futhi Yak-9T - 37 ka 31-mm projectile. Omunye regiments okuqala ayengelona ahlomile Yak-9T kwaba GIAP 133rd. Aircraft, ayehlome 37-milimitha inganono, ziye zasetshenziswa ngempumelelo, ngisho beyolwa nesitha izimoto armored nemikhumbi.

Operation ye indiza wokulwa ukulwa yangempela Yak-9 wabonisa ukuthi ukwanda uphethiloli supply ezimweni eziningi ngeke usebenze. fuel okweqile kuyinto isikebhe sizinze ukuthi inomphumela omubi phezu survivability umshini. Ngakho-ke cantilever amathangi ngokuvamile ivalwe Imigudu. Noma kunjalo, kwaba khona isidingo sezisebenzi ukwandisa uhla indiza kwezinye iziwombe empini. Ngakho, ngo-August 1944, iqembu 12 izindiza nguqulo yohlelo Yak-9DD ephelezelwa izindiza wezimpahla ezivela Italy eYugoslavia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Yak-9DD ekhuliswe ukuba zikhiphe ekuhlaseleni phakathi "Frentik" ukusebenza ngo-1944.

Kusukela ngo-December 1944 Yak-9B imodeli balwa 130 th Fighter Division, osebenza ngaphansi Okwesithathu Front isi-Byelorussian. A eliphezulu liphumele Yak-9PD zadluliselwa izingalo izingxenye eMoscow VOP. Ngo-October 1944 seziqalile ukusetshenziswa wakhe enkundleni yempi Yak-9U Fighter - wangenela inkonzo ne 163rd Fighter Regiment, ezisebenza emazweni aseBaltic. Le ndiza kwabonakala abukhali ukulwa ezingaba imodeli ukukhula Yak-9. Ngezinyanga ezimbili zokuhlola, yena uye wahlanganyela 18 izimpi, edubulana 28 fighter FW 190A nokukodwa BF 109G. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona elahlekile ezimbili kuphela umshini Soviet.

Lapho ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe lidlule ku Esigabeni sokugcina, fighter Yak-9, izici zazo njalo ngcono, isibe omunye fighters main Soviet. Lokhu isimo ke wasigcina ekuseni Iminyaka yangemva kwempi. Ngo-September 1946, imodeli izindiza Yak-9 zaba 31% of the ukwakheka eU.SSR fighter aircraft. Ngemva kwempi, ukuhlela kabusha ezihlukahlukene izindiza okumele asetshenziswe kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni 1960. Ngaphezu Air Force futhi zezindiza asolwandle wase-USSR yayisetshenziswa ngamabutho Allied. Ehlobo lika-1943 Yak-9 futhi Yak-9D wangenela inkonzo we ibutho French "Normandy". Ngo-September ka ngonyaka olandelayo wayiswa fighter party eBulgaria, emiswa anti-Hitler womanyano. Ekwindla ka-1945 imodeli Yak-9M futhi Yak-9T esetshenziswa Polish wasemoyeni ePoland futhi Northern Germany. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indiza ka imodeli emi phezu izingalo Chinese, Hungary, eYugoslavia North Korea nase-Albania.

Yak-9: Ukucaciswa

I inguqulo eyisisekelo indiza ngo-1942 kwadingeka izici ezilandelayo:

1. Ubude - 8.5 m.
2. Wing span - 9,74 m.
3. Wing Area - 17,15 m ^2.
4. Umthwalo ethize lundiza - 167 kg / m ^2.
5. isisindo engenalutho indiza - 2277 kg.
6. Take-off isisindo - 2873 kg.
7. amandla Motor - 1180 l. a.
8. Umthwalo ethize emandleni - 2,43 kg / l. a.
9. ngesivinini esiphezulu olwandle - 520 km / h.
10. I speed esiphezulu at kokuwa - 599 km / h.
11. usethe ubude 5 km - 5.1 imiz.
12. goba isikhathi - 15-17.
13. ophahleni Olungokoqobo - 11.100 m.
14. ububanzi Olungokoqobo - 875 km.
15. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali - 1x20 mm ShVAK, 1h12,7 mm UBS.

ukulungiswa

Kuwo wonke umlando walo, le Yak-9 wathola inqwaba kokushintshwa. Amandla lushintshwe ezihlukahlukene uhlobo imishini injongo ukulwa baba sici zako ezisemqoka. Le ndiza kwadingeka ukulungiswa ezinkulu 22, 15 zazo waya chungechunge. Ngesikhathi kokuhlinzwa fighter ukuqedelwa izinhlobo ezinhlanu ngamandla, nophethiloli amathangi embodiments eziyisithupha ilungiselelo, eziyisikhombisa embodiments izingalo futhi izinhlobo ezimbili zezinkantolo imishini ekhethekile. Fighter kwase kunezinto ezimbili okufanele ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka nomunye iphiko izinhlobo: exubile bese zonke-metal. Zonke izinguqulo ngaphandle Yak-9 fighter isizinda, ukudalulwa kwalo okungahle esixoxe kakade, waba Inkomba ekhethekile. Ake ukubazi nokulungiswa eziyisisekelo fighter edume.

Yak-9D

Ukuguqulwa kuyahluka lande laba ngu-480 khilogremu supply fuel. Indiza ifakwe ezine esikhundleni amabili amafutha amathangi: ezimbili impande kanye ezimbili console. Nale isixazululo, indiza yayo ububanzi lakhuphuka lafika ku-1400 km. Ukuguqulwa lalikhishwa Mashi 1943 kuya ku-May 1944. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, elihambayo owehla amakhophi 3068.

Yak-9T

Kulesi ukuguqulwa, inganono 20 mm salandelwa 37-mm isibhamu nezinhlamvu projectiles 30. Ngenxa yokuthi insimbi entsha mude, abanikeze asebenza nabo into iyiswe emuva ngu-40 cm. Imodeli lalikhishwa entwasahlobo 1943 kuya ehlobo 1945. 2748 amakhophi Kuye kwenziwa lesi sikhathi.

Yak-9k

Le nguqulo has a isibhamu 45-milimitha NS-45. Ukuze kuncishiswe amandla umthelela, 7ts ingxenye, umgqomo abafake ukubopha nomlomo. Nokho, lapho zokudubula okusezingeni eliphezulu igijimisa indiza waphenduka, futhi umshayeli wazibonela nyaka uma kuzamazama umhlaba. Abaklami ukuncoma ukudubula imisindo emifushane amahlandla amathathu. volley Okwesibili Yak-9k waba isisindo 5,53 kg. Esikhathini kusuka Ephreli kuya kuJuni 1944 53 izindiza ekule nguqulo yadalwa. Esikhathini kohlaka ngezilingo lempi baqhuba 51 impi, ukushaya 8 izindiza FW-190A-8 no-4 izindiza BF-109G. Kulokhu, ukulahlekelwa zaba fighter eyodwa kuphela. Kokunye izindiza ababeke ngokwesilinganiso kwadingeka 10 bafika of 45 mm inganono. Ngenxa yokuntuleka ukuthembeka ekukhiqizweni izikhali ayizange is bushintshe.

Yak-9TK

Indiza ekule nguqulo wathola isakhiwo kwagcizelela kwezinye amayunithi, kanye elinobunye emaphakathi isibhamu uhlelo lokukhuphula okuvumela esikhundleni amathuluzi emkhakheni. Fighter senziwe engxenyeni 1943 yesibili.

Yak-9M

Indiza kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa imodeli Yak-9D ne fuselage imodeli Yak-9T. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nguqulo has eziningana ngcono. Ukuze yasemoyeni indiza izici futhi akazange zehluke Yak-9D. Kodwa ekupheleni kuka-1944, indiza wasungula injini VK-105PF-2 qinile lapho isiye yaba isivinini okuningi futhi ngesilinganiso enyuka. Yak-9M isibe omunye izimoto oyisilomo imodeli uhla Yak-9 bomlilo. Izithombe zalesi izindiza engamtholi ubani ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange 4239 amakhophi zavezwa.

Yak-9c

Le ndiza Yakhiwa esekelwe Yak-9M futhi ithole injini efanayo. Ngokungafani version eziyisisekelo kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu kuhlanganise isibhamu 23-milimitha NS-23 kanye pair of zokuvumelanisa 20-millimterovyh izibhamu BS-20c. Ngenxa Imiphumela abanelisi ukuhlolwa isimo ngo-1945, imodeli ayizange ayifake ukukhiqizwa serial.

Yak-9DD

Ngo-1944, imodeli Yakhiwa Tu-2, ngoba kokulandela okuyinto izinsiza azanele ngisho Yak-9D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSoviet Union kwakudingeka ibanga indiza, indiza esizokwenza ukuba afeze ukulwa imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela izindiza anti-Hitler womanyano. A imodeli efanelekayo kwaba Yak-9DD. Ukufakwa 8 iphiko amathangi iye yandisa amandla kukawoyela imodeli kuze kufinyelele 630 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, instrumentation nokuxhumana imishini ilungisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha olude futhi kwezimo ezingezinhle sezulu.

ububanzi Maximum indiza Yak-9DD kwaba 1800 km. Nokho, isisindo sakhe kwaba irekhodi le class of izindiza - 3390 kg. Zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali fighter Laliyindinganiso umndeni Yak - inganono ubukhulu 20 mm 12.7 mm ubukhulu isibhamu. Yak-9DD asetshenziswa kabanzi ngempela.

Ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1944 iqembu 20 izindiza waya base umbimbi, etholakala eduze kwedolobha Italian Bari ukuze asekele ezokuthutha izindiza Su-47, eletha wezimpahla eYugoslavia. Njengengxenye kuthuthwa kwenziwa indiza ubude 1,300 km, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko ibanga badabula insimu yabo. Iqembu ukwenze nokuhlasela 150, okwathi nakuba bikho ukuhlangana izindiza isitha, yayishubile kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngenkathi Su-47 izindiza kokwehla athula kwenziwe, ningatholakala ethungatha lindela them emoyeni ukuba ibuyise. Ukuze zonke ngesikhathi ekusebenzeni kwendiza ibingabhalisiwe ukuhluleka olulodwa.

Yak-9P

Ingabe kwesimo endaweni short-range, okuyinto ihlukile version eziyisisekelo Yak-9, izimfanelo okuyinto vele sesiyazi, khona ikhamera zasemoyeni endaweni gumbi khulula. Le divayisi ikuvumela ukudubula ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-300 kuya ku-3000. I inguqulo yalesi ukuguqulwa yesibili yayisekelwe Yak-9D. Akazange nje kwadingeka imishini ukuze kwesimo endaweni, kodwa wayesesendaweni ngaphezu izici zobuchwepheshe iyonke. Yak-9P zavezwa eziningi ezincane futhi wasebenzisa ezindaweni lapho ukuhlola ezinye izindiza kwakunzima noma interfaced nge ingozi engathi sína.

I-9B

Fighter-webhomu Yak-9B yayakhiwe base imodeli 9D. Esikhaleni ngemuva abanikeze asebenza nabo ke kwaba ifakwe ibhomu bay ehlanganisa amapayipi amane, okuyinto ihlanganise kungaba ezine 100-ganda ibhomu nobe emathephu lanetindzaba ezine, ngasinye equkethe 32 anti ibhomu ezuziwe. Idelakufa uvivinyo ngoMashi 1944. Ngokusho imiphumela nokuhlasela, le Yak-9B wabhubhisa 29 amathangi, 22 izisebenzi armored zenethiwekhi, 1.014 izimoto, 161 ujantshi wokwakha imoto iziteshi 20 g / d, 7 izibhamu, 18 amakhanda futhi 4 namadepho kaphethiloli. Sekukonke, amabhizinisi Soviet ekhiqizwa 109 ekuhlaseleni ezinjalo.

Yak-9PD

Lokhu Interceptor nge motor-105PD M, supercharger futhi ngakhula ngesigamu namaphiko imitha. ophahleni Olungokoqobo le nguqulo kuba 13 100 km. Ngo-1943, esekelwe Yak-9 5 yalezi zimoto zavezwa, kwathi ngo-1944, esekelwe Yak-9U - 30.

Yak-9U

Ekupheleni kuka-1943, sidalwe fighters ezimbili ngaphansi nesiqu Yak-9U: eyodwa ifakwe motor M-107A, kanye nezinye - M-105PF-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo kanye ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya version base ithuthukisiwe. Zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali zombili onobuhle banikezwe emaphakathi isibhamu (ubukhulu 23 mm ngokubukeka injini fighter M-105PF-2 kanye ubukhulu 20 mm for version nge motor M-107A) kanye pair of 12.7 millimterovyh izibhamu. Imiphumela e-Air Force Institute, okuhlukile nge motor M-107A neyaziwayo njengoba best fighters ukuthi zahlolwa siyoke. Ngo-April 1944, ekukhiqizweni izindiza usumisiwe. Ekwindla ka-1944, phakathi isivivinyo izinyanga ezimbili ngo-18 izimpi pilot wadubula phansi 27 FW-190A futhi 1 BF-109G. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakuqoshwe ulahlekelwe fighters ezimbili. Okuwukuphela kusimo abalulekile umshini kwaba nengxenye encane sokuphehla amandla.

Yak-9UT

Limelela Yak-9U ngamandla izingalo. Indiza kwaba ifakwe izibhamu ezintathu: emaphakathi 37-mm ezimbili 20-mm. Massa Salvo lokhu fighter yesibili kwaba ngesikhathi umbhalo USSR - 6 kg. Indawo isibhamu isikhungo ukuthi obumbene. Ukwengeza a ithuluzi 45 mm, kungenzeka ukuba ukwandisa isisindo volley yesibili 9.3 kg. Ezinye izindaba zika-indiza kancane ezahlukene kusukela Yak-9U. Kwaphela izinyanga 3 zokukhiqiza serial emgqeni inhlangano yahamba amakhophi 282. Inani elincane fighters wakwazi iqhaza izimpi lokugcina impi.

Yak-9 "Express"

Limelela indiza ezokuthutha, okuyinto ezimweni phambi singase sithwale umgibeli oyedwa. Imodeli isibe uhlobo zamagama phakathi distal kanye fighter Yak-9DD nokuqeqeshwa izindiza Yak-9B. Esikhathini gumbi langemuva, esikhundleni kwideshibhodi nezilawuli efakiwe flooring futhi asezindongeni. Indiza wawenziwe e ikhophi eyodwa ehlobo lika-1944. Esikhathini chungechunge, akalokothi waya.

Yak-9P

I inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-Yak-9U, libhekene amadivayisi ngaphezulu zokuxhumana zanamuhla nezinye izinsimbi. Imodeli ukukhiqizwa waqala ngo-1946 yaphela ngo-1948. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange 801 izindiza zavezwa. Yak-9s lawa abehlome ngezibhamu eSoviet Union, Poland, Hungary, i-China ne eYugoslavia.

isiphetho

Namuhla, sabuka indiza edume - the Yak-9, okuyinto photo ijwayelekile abalandeli abaningi zezindiza ubuchwepheshe. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imodeli yadalwa eyisithupha kuphela ubudala, usengomunye ezidumile emhlabeni wonke ngokuvikela angaphezu kweshumi nambili amadolobha Soviet kubahlaseli isitha. Yona futhi le ndiza zobuchwepheshe futhi ekhangayo ngaphezu konyaka owodwa kuyoba abalandeli abaningi zezindiza ibhizinisi njengephepha lodonga ku-desktop yakho. Yak-9, okuyinto usezandleni kwesokudla angahlubula ibe ephelele emoyeni izibhamu, babamba iqhaza elikhulu ngemphumela neMpi Yezwe II.