Infarction: yikuphi, izimbangela zokuqala, izimpawu zokuqala, ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa. Izinhlobo zokuhlasela kwenhliziyo

Izifo zenhliziyo isisodwa sezimbangela zokufa emazweni amaningi. Esinye sezifo ezijwayelekile ziyi-infarction, yiluhlobo luni lwesifo, yiziphi izizathu ezithuthukayo, kungenzeka yini ukuvimbela lesi sifo nendlela yokusiza isiguli? Sizozama ukuphendula yonke le mibuzo ngokuningiliziwe.

I-infarction - iyini?

Cishe wonke umuntu uyazi ngalesi simo esiyingozi, kodwa indlela kanye nezimbangela zentuthuko akuzona njalo ezithakazelisayo, nakuba kufanele zaziwa ukuvimbela ukugula okunjalo. I-infarct iyathuthuka ngenxa yokuphulwa kwegazi endaweni ye-muscle yenhliziyo.

Lezi zifo zibizwa nangokuthi enye yezinhlobo zesifo senhliziyo ischemic. Uma igazi liphazanyiswa imizuzu engaphezu kwengu-15-20, i-necrosis yezicubu eziphilayo zenzeka, okuhambisana nosizi obukhulu futhi kungaholela ekufeni.

I-cardiologists iphawula ukuthi abantu besilisa banesifo senhliziyo kaningi kakhulu, ngoba emzimbeni wesifazane, i-estrogens ilawula izinga le-cholesterol egazini. Ngaphambili, isilinganiso seminyaka yentuthuko ye-infarction yayineminyaka engu-55-60, kodwa manje sekuncane kakhulu. Ukuxilongwa kwamacala okukhubazeka, ngisho nakubantu abasha.

Akukhona njalo ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okuphela komuntu okubulalayo, kodwa udinga ukwazi ukuthi ngemuva kwengozi kuhlale kunesifo senhliziyo yakho, iziguli eziningi emva kokudluliswa kwesifo esinjalo zithola ukukhubazeka.

I-infarction ye-myocardial ikhula kanjani?

Ukubunjwa kwesifo senhliziyo kuqala isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokubonakala kwayo. Konke kuqala ngokubunjwa kwama-atherosclerotic plaques, okuqala ukwakha ezitsheni ze-cholesterol embi. Amacala okubonakala kwakhe egazini amaphutha ekudleni nokuphila ngendlela yokuphila. Lezi zimpawu zinciphisa kancane kancane ukukhanya kwegazi, ukuphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi okuvamile.

Le nqubo igxilile kancane kancane, amacwecwe abe amakhulu kangangokuthi noma yikuphi ukulimala okubangelwa kuwo kuholela ekuqhekekeni. Kuleli phuzu, igazi lihlanganisa, lenze i-thrombus, elivala umkhumbi, livimbele igazi ukuthi lingadluli phambili. Yilokho okwenzekayo endaweni yenhliziyo ngesikhatsi se-infarction.

Izimbangela zokuthuthukiswa kwezifo

Uma ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kuqala, izimbangela zingase zihluke, kodwa into esemqoka ukuyeka ukugeleza kwegazi kwezinye izingxenye zenhliziyo yesisu. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi:

• Ukwehla kwesifo sofuba se- coronary arteries, ngenxa yalokho izindonga zezimpahla ezilahlekelwa ukuqina kwazo, isibani sinciphisa ama-atherosclerotic plaques.
• I-spasm yemikhumbi ye-coronary, engenzeka ngokumelene nesizinda sokucindezeleka, isibonelo, noma umthelela wezinye izici zangaphandle.
• I-thrombosis ye-arteries, uma i-plaque iphela futhi ukugeleza kwegazi kufakwa enhliziyweni.

Izingosi ezingase zithukuthele lezi zindawo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuzikhethela ngokweqile kumathambo womzimba.
• Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cholesterol "embi" egazini.
• Ukuba khona komkhuba onjalo omubi, njengokubhema.
• Isisindo esikhulu somzimba.
• Isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu.

• Sikashukela.
• Inani elikhulu lokudla okunamafutha ekudleni.
• Ukucindezeleka okungapheliyo.
• Abanye odokotela nabo babona ithonya le-psychosomatics, uma imbangela yentuthuko ye-infarction iwukuhlukumeza ngokweqile, ukungabekezelelani.
• Ukubambisana nobulili obuqinile.
• Umsebenzi omzimba ophansi.
• Iminyaka emva kweminyaka engu-40.

Kubalulekile ukucabangela, uma kukhona inhlanganisela yezici eziningana, ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo iyanda.

Izinhlobo zesifo

Uma sihlaziya ukugula okunjalo njenge-infarction (esesiyitholile kakade), izazi ze-cardiologists zihlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-pathology kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izindlela eziningana.

Uma sicabangela izigaba zalesi sifo, yizona zodwa ezihlukanisiwe ezine, ngasinye esichazwa yizici zayo. Ubukhulu besendaweni ethintekile nalo bucatshangelwa ekuhlelweni. Nika:

• I-infarction enkulu, lapho izicubu ze-necrosis zithatha lonke ubukhulu be-myocardium.
• Okugxile kancane, ingxenye encane ithintekile.

Indawo ihlukaniswe ngu:

• Ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kwe-ventricle efanele.
• I-ventricle yesokunxele.
• I-septum yama-interventricular.
• Udonga ohlangothini.
• Udonga olungemuva.
• Udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-ventricle.

Infarction ingenzeka ngezinkinga futhi ngaphandle, ngakho-ke izazi ze-cardiologists zihlukanisa:

• Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo okunzima.
• Kulula.

Ukutholakala kobuhlungu kungase kuhluke, ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-infarction zihlukile:

• Ifomu elijwayelekile elinesifo sobuhlungu ngemuva kwe-sternum.
• Ifomu le-apipical lingabonakaliswa ubuhlungu besisu, ukuphefumula, ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, isizungu nesifo sekhanda. Ngezinye izikhathi isifo senhliziyo siqala ngokungabikho ubuhlungu.

Izinhlobo zokwahlukana nazo zanikezwa kuye ngokwemvamisa yentuthuko:

• Ukugula okuyisisekelo.
• I-infarction yomsindo ophindaphindiwe.
• Kuphindaphindiwe.

Ukuphila ngemva kokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kuzoncika ebuqini be-pathology, isimo sayo kanye nosizo olufika ngesikhathi.

Izigaba ze-infarction

Izinguquko ze-necrotic ezinhlungwini zenhliziyo zikhula ngokulandelana okuthile, ngakho-ke izigaba ezilandelayo ze-infarction ziyahlukaniswa:

1. I-pre-infarction. Isikhathi salesi sikhathi sivela emahoreni ambalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa, ngalesi sikhathi ezinsikeni zenhliziyo kakade zakhiwa i-foci encane ye-necrosis, endaweni yazo bese iqala ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo.
2. Isikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke singadlula emaminithini ambalwa kuya emahoreni amabili. I-myocardial ischemia iyanda.
3. Isigaba esibucayi se-infarction sithatha izinsuku eziningana. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, inkundla ye-necrosis ifomu enhliziyweni futhi ukulungiswa okuyingxenye yesikhumba semisipha okonakalisiwe kubonakala.
4. I-postinfarction isigaba singadlulela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, isibazi esivela emathisini axhumeneyo senziwa ngokuqinile.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-infarction ye-myocardial

Ukuxilongwa kuqala ngengxoxo nesiguli. Udokotela uthola ukuthi ngabe ubuhlungu bubukeka bunjani, buhlobo luni lobunjani abanalo, ukuthi luhlala isikhathi eside kangakanani, ukuthi isiguli senza kanjani ukuhlukunyezwa kwenhliziyo nokuthi ngabe kukhona umphumela wokuphuza imithi.

Khona-ke izici eziyingozi ziyabonakala, ngenxa yalokhu udokotela ucacisa indlela yokuphila, okuthandwa yi-culinary, ukuba khona kwemikhuba emibi. Ukuhlaziywa komlando womndeni kwenziwa - udokotela uthola ukuthi emndenini othile unesifo senhliziyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kukhona izifo zenhliziyo.

Isiguli sisuke sithunyelwa ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okulandelayo:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi jikelele kwenziwa, kuvumela ukubona izinga eliphakeme lamaseli amhlophe egazi, izinga eliphakeme le-sedimentation ye-erythrocyte, izibonakaliso ze-anemia - konke lokhu kuqala ukuzibonakalisa lapho amangqamuzana ensimu yenhliziyo ebhujiswa.
2. Ukuhlaziywa komchamo kuzosiza ukuthola izifo ezihamba phambili, ezingabangela ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo.
3. Ukuhlola igazi kwegazi kuyenziwa ukuze uthole ukuthi:

• Okuqukethwe kwe-cholesterol;
• Isilinganiso se-cholesterol "embi" ne "okuhle";
• Ubukhona be-triglycerides;
• Igazi legazi ukuze kuhlolwe ingozi ehlobene ne-arteriosclerosis yemithwalo yegazi.

Uma kukhona ukusola kwesifo senhliziyo, i-enzyme ethile yegazi ihlolwe.

I-coagulogram yenziwa, inikeza izinkomba zokuvala igazi ezisiza ukukhetha isilinganiso esifanele semithi yokwelashwa.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-infarction ye-myocardial akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-electrocardiography. Imiphumela yezobuchwepheshe inganquma indawo ye-pathology, isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kanye nenani lomonakalo.

Ukuhlolisisa i-ultrasound yenhliziyo kwenziwa ukutadisha isakhiwo nokulinganisa kwenhliziyo ye-muscle, ukuhlola izinga lokulimala kwamathambo ngama-atherosclerotic plaques.

I-X-ray iyasiza ukuthola izinguquko ku-aorta ye-thoracic, amaphaphu futhi ukuthola izinkinga.

I-Coronaroangiography isetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuxilongwa, ivumela ukucacisa ngokunembile indawo nezinga le-vasoconstriction.

I-tomography ehlanganisiwe ngokuhlukile ikuvumela ukuba uthole isithombe esinembile senhliziyo, ukuveza ukwehluleka ezindongeni zayo, ama-valve, ukungavamile kokusebenza nokunciphisa izitsha.

Emva kwazo zonke izifundo, kungase kudingeke uthintane nodokotela.

Ngemuva kokuphela kokuthola ukuxilongwa, isiguli sinikezwa ukwelapha okuphumelelayo, okuzosiza ekuholeni ukuphila ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngendlela evamile.

I-Symptomatology of pathology

Njengomthetho, i-infarction ayiqhubeki kusukela ekuqaleni, ngokuvamile isiguli sesithole ukuthi i-angina noma ezinye izifo ze-cardiac. Uma ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kuqala, izimpawu, izibonakaliso zokuqala kwabesifazane nabesilisa kungaba kanje:

• Ubuhlungu obungemva kwesifuba buba namandla kakhulu futhi bude. Ubuhlungu bunomzwelo ovuthayo, ukucindezela nokucindezela kungenziwa, kungakhululwa kuhlombe, ingalo noma intamo.

• Kukhona i-irradiation nokwandiswa kwendawo yobuhlungu.
• Isiguli asikwazi ukumelana nokusebenza komzimba.
• Ukwamukela "i-Nitroglycerin" akusho ukuthi kunikeze umphumela onjalo.
• Ngisho nasekuphumuleni kukhona ukuphefumula okuncane, ubuthakathaka kanye nosizi.
• Kungase kube nokuzwa okungathandeki esiswini.
• Umsindo wenhliziyo uphukile.
• Ukuphuza kuba nzima.
• Kukhona ukuthukuza okubandayo, isikhumba siphahlakile.

Uma unayo yalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubize udokotela ngokuphuthumayo.

Usizo lokuqala kumguli

Uma kukhona ukusola kwesifo senhliziyo, izimpawu, izimpawu zokuqala kwabesifazane zizoqhubeka kuphela uma kungenjalo ukunikeza usizo oluphuthumayo. Iqukethe okulandelayo:

• Umuntu kufanele ahlale phansi noma abekwe endaweni ekhululekile.

• Vula izingubo zokucindezela.
• Nikeza ukungena emoyeni.
• Nika ithebhulethi ngaphansi kolimi "Nitroglycerin", uma ukuhlasela kunamandla, khona-ke ungakwazi futhi ababili.
• Uma kungekho Nitroglycerin, khona-ke ungasebenzisa i-Corvalol noma i-Aspirin.

Usizo oluphuthumayo ngesifo senhliziyo luzosiza ekunciphiseni ubuhlungu ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa futhi kuncishise ingozi yokucindezeleka.

Izinkinga emva kokuhlasela kwenhliziyo

Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo ngaphandle kokucindezeleka, imiphumela ihlala njalo. Banciphisa isikhathi sokuphila ngemva kokugula okudlulile. Izifo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ziyizinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
• Ukuphakama kwesisipha senhliziyo.
• Aneurysm.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwe-cardiogenic.
• Ukuphulwa kwesigqi senhliziyo.

• Postinfarction angina.
• I-Pericarditis.

Infarction ingaba nemiphumela ephuzile, isibonelo:

• Ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, i-postinfarction syndrome ingase ikhule.
• Izinkinga ze-Thromboembolic zivame ukuphawula.
• Izifo ze-neurotrophic zesimiso sezinzwa.

Iziguli eziningi zinentshisekelo kumbuzo wokuthi ungaphila kangakanani emva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo? Impendulo izoxhomeka ezintweni eziningana: izinga lokulimala emzimbeni wenhliziyo, ukusiza ngesikhathi sokuqala, ukuphumelela nokulungisa ukwelashwa, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga.

Ngokwezibalo, cishe iziguli ezingu-35% ziyafa, iningi lazo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba zifike esibhedlela. Lezo ziguli eziye zahlaselwa yinhliziyo, zivame ukuphoqeleka ukuba zishintshe umkhakha wabo womsebenzi noma zishiye umsebenzi, abaningi bathola ukukhubazeka.

Indlela yokuvimbela i-infarction yesibili noma ukuvimbela ukubukeka kwayo nhlobo

Wonke umuntu manje uyaqonda ngokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo, ukuthi lesi yisifo esibi kakhulu esingabangela ukufa noma ukwenza okungavumelekile. Kodwa konke kusezandleni zomuntu - uma ulandela izincomo ezithile, ungakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalesi sifo:

1. Ngaso sonke isikhathi qhubeka ulawula izinga legazi, ikakhulukazi uma kunyuke ngezikhathi ezithile.
2. Landela izinga leshukela legazi.
3. Ehlobo, gwema ukukhanya kwelanga isikhathi eside.
4. Kubalulekile ukuvuselela ukudla kwakho, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunamafutha, imikhiqizo esiphelile kanye nokwengeza izithelo nemifino.
5. Ukwandisa umsebenzi wokuzivocavoca, ungahambi ukuya ejimini, kwanele ukuhamba nsuku zonke, uhambe okuningi, ugibele ibhayisikili.
6. Uma impilo iyabiza kakhulu, kuzodingeka ulahle ukubhema nokusebenzisa kabi utshwala, futhi ungathathi ikhofi.
7. Gcina isisindo sakho esimweni esivamile, uma ungakwazi ukunciphisa ngokwakho, khona-ke ungavakashela isondlo sokudla okunomsoco ozosiza ukwenza uhlelo lokudla okunomsoco.
8. Uma kukhona izifo ezingapheli kubalulekile ukuziphatha ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi, zibhekene ne-pathologies ye-cardiac, izifo ze-vascular.
9. Uma izihlobo zitholwa ukuthi zine-infarction ye-myocardial, omunye kufanele athathe impilo yakhe ngokungathí sina, ugweme umsebenzi omzimba oqinile.
10. Ngonyaka kudingekile ukuthi uhlele ukuphumula okulungile ukusuka edolobheni elihle, ungaya ezintabeni noma ogwini lolwandle.
11. Kancane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuvelela ezithweni zomthwalo we-psychomotional, ukufunda izindlela zokuphumula.
12. Hlala uhlolwa futhi uthathe zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole isikhathi esiphezulu soshukela noma i-cholesterol egazini.

Uma ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo kungenakugwema, kufanele senze konke okusemandleni ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesibili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele ulandele izincomo zonke zodokotela, uthathe imithi enqunyiwe futhi ushintshe indlela yakho yokuphila.