22 LR (igobolondo): izici, ukubuyekeza

.22 LR (igobolondo) - a munition bemthanda abazingeli nezemidlalo ngokudubula (yokuqala Long Rifle, ukuhumusha kusuka IsiZulu - "isibhamu eside"). Izikhali ngaphansi kwakhe manje ukhiphe kancane, ngenxa lunye iwumngcingo: ngokuyinhloko isetshenziselwa encane umdlalo ukuzingela.

umehluko

.22 LR - Faka encane osezingeni rimfire. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma shot Umgadli siyishaye maphakathi nasesikhathini flange liner (ingxenye neuropathy we neziqu). Ngakho, primer izinhlamvu alikho njengentfo lehlukile, wonke ukushaqeka isakhiwo ngefomu onomfutho ngqo phansi emkhonweni. Ngokuvamile, inhlamvu cartridges rimfire ukuhola, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela abanye. Yamandla aphansi izinhlamvu esetshenziswa ukwenziwa izilwane ezincane: izingwejeje, marmots, kanye ubumba ijuba sokudubula. Ngokwesibonelo, e-US kubhekwa igobolondo esikahle kakhulu gophers sokudubula.

indaba

Ngo-1887, emhlabeni wokuqala nezwa .22 LR. Igobolondo wadedelwa yinkampani American J. Stevens Arm & Ithuluzi Inkampani. Namuhla, cartridges rimfire esetshenziswa neze, kodwa eside kuqhuma eyathandeka futhi ethandwa. Ubeke irekhodi inani nezindaba.

Isizathu ukuthandwa

Kungase kubonakale sengathi indoda yesimanje sekunzima ukuheha .22 LR - Igobolondo, okuyinto isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu, futhi ngeke siyisebenzise ngaphandle abathandi kwakudala. Nokho, akuyona. Kukhona izizathu ezintathu kwayo: izindleko eliphansi cishe akukho ukufinyela nekhwalithi enhle ballistic lapho ngokudubula amabanga eduze.

Kulesi sisekelo, kuba nezinhlamvu ephelele okuzingela eside izilwane ezincane noboya-ebizwa, nokuyala, ngoba uma iqhathaniswa chuck impi emaphakathi, .22 LR kungaba ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuchitha ku-oda sezingeni elikhulu. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene ubumba target sokudubula, lapho esikhathini esifushane kakhulu ukuqeqeshwa kuyadingeka ukuze enze isibhamu ambalwa, ngisho ukubuya isilinganiso siba nezinzwa ezisenza sizwele kakhulu.

Okuncane izibhamu

Okubalulekile Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izikhali cartridges ka .22 LR osezingeni kungenxa cishe namanani ashibhile ukuze ithunyelwe ezimakethe zomphakathi kunokuba aye empini, futhi ikakhulukazi idivayisi ilula njengoba ngokomlando, sibonga amandla ako ongaphakeme. izikhali ezinjalo ngeke ivumelane ngisho abacibishelayo ongenalwazi kakhulu.

Lokhu ikakhulukazi lapho beyozingela noma yezemidlalo ngezibhamu, kodwa kukhona izibhamu, iningi sicecesha-ezemidlalo. amavolovolo ezingavamile ngenhloso yokuzivikela ngaphansi LR. Interchangeability ezahlukene .22 osezingeni ukushintshwa okuncane, isibonelo, izingalo a .22 LR ingasetshenziswa .22 esifingqiwe kanye Long, kodwa abanye, ezifana .22 WMR ( "Magnum"), ayifanele ngenxa umehluko ubukhulu emikhonweni (6.1 mm futhi 5.75 mm ngesikhathi "Magnum", futhi LR, ngokulandelana).

izikhali chambered

Amamodeli ngaphansi .22 LR Ammo impela eningi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nenganono nokuzihlonipha, ngokuba nezingxabano ukulayisha amavolovolo, ezifana isibhamu Margolin (isibhamu waseSoviet ezemidlalo ngokudubula, lo mncintiswano kwasetshenziswa 1954 kuya ku-1979), kanye IL-34 futhi MC-3. Kusukela esitolo abazingela izibhamu carbines ngaphansi kwalesi gauge onobuhle efanelekayo, ezifana TOZ-11 (Soviet ukuzingela sokuzingela, ekhiqizwa Tula izingalo ifektri) TOZ-17 no-18, futhi TOZ-78.

Phakathi ezemidlalo kanye umagazini ukuqeqeshwa ngezibhamu ohlwini izikhali ngaphansi LR kungafaka BI-7-2 kanye TOZ-9. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma sikhuluma self-ukulayisha izibhamu, Long kuqhuma ziyokuza American ukusonga sokuzingela AR-7, athuthukiswe in the zamashumi amahlanu ngasekupheleni. E-United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kusenzima kakhulu. Kuthathwa ekahle ukuqeqeshwa sokudubula, njengoba uphuzwe kanye izivakashi uhambo. Uhlu kungenziwa kulekelelwa TSV-1 sniper ukuqeqeshwa sokuzingela, olwakhiwa ngesisekelo Kusho ukuthini ukuba umKristu. Iqiniso-ke ukuthi, yebo, ongeke lidalulwe igama lakhe ngenxa yobubanzi ongaphakeme: m 100 kuphela, kodwa ulungisiswa ngokuphelele igama layo.

Okunye esincane sniper sokuzingela kuyinto .22 LR - kuyinto Sv-99, manje okuyinto ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile zase Russia. Izinga - mayelana 10 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, futhi ijubane ichashazi - 345 m / s. Top imizuliswano emihlanu kuya kwayi labadubuli uhla 150 amamitha.

ngoba amabutho ezikhethekile

Amabutho ezikhethekile futhi izikhali ngoba cartridges ka .22 LR. Izinga lezi "izibhamu" - cishe shot Soundless. Lokhu izibhamu buthule, isibonelo i-British Welrod, olwakhiwa ngo-1942, sihlinzeka ngezidingo intelligence amayunithi ekhethekile. Isici ezithakazelisayo wukuthi uma ezitolo okuzisholo eziyisishiyagalombili imizuliswano umthamo Kunconywa ukuhlomisa emihlanu kuphela, ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi zinamanzi nokwethenjelwa. Lokhu kufanele kubandakanye futhi okuthiwa "de Liesl" - De Lisle carbine, futhi British isikhali izitolo carbine, nokuba silencer ehlangene. "De Liesl" anikeza seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, ngaphezu amabutho aseBrithani, bona ayenendawo ezinye amayunithi Melika.

Zikhona nezinye onobuhle eziningi ukuzingela yezemidlalo izikhali chambered ngoba .22 LR.

izici

Igobolondo ubude 25,4 mm. I kokuqala ichashazi Isivinini uphansi, kusukela 250 kuya ku-500 m / s, kuncike isikhali, nokuthi ngenxa uhla elincane indiza. ichashazi amandla e J: kusuka 55 kuya ku-90 - I-pistols, futhi kusukela 125 kuya 259 - I-ngezibhamu. I ububanzi we flange (ingxenye neuropathy we neziqu) kuyinto 7.1 mm, ububanzi base emikhonweni - 5,74 mm, ubude bawo - 15,57 mm. Inhlamvu isisindo ivela 1.9 kuya 2.6 g, futhi isisindo icala Propellant esetshenziswa kungenzeka kusuka 0,07 kuya 0.11 g

Esikhathini lempi

Uma sikhuluma ukusetshenziswa igobolondo ukulwa nabantu, kwaba lapha ukuthi akasho ifa nezimfanelo ezivelele. Ngenxa yamandla ephansi ke cishe ungalokothi elasetshenziswa empini, ngoba kalula nje ukuletha abantu phansi, saba ngempela inombolo enkulu hits. Nokho, kukhona izicelo eziningana ngempumelelo, isibonelo endabeni le submachine isibhamu American-180. A izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu afika ku neshumi nanhlanu imizuliswano ngomzuzu futhi esitolo ngempela voluminous (kusuka imizuliswano 165 kuya 275) liyakwazi ubuthaka amandla udibi Ukubhoboza futhi Long kuqhuma.

Enye ukusetshenziswa ezithakazelisayo Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe atholakala abaqeqeshwayo iRed Army ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. Ngaphambi kokudubula izibhamu Degtyarev futhi Maxim, amasosha eziqeqeshelwe esincane machine gun Blum - esikoleni esikhundleni ukulwa isibhamu. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuba ningabi nje kuphela ukwehlisa inombolo izingozi, kodwa futhi kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Ngemva kwalokho isibhamu Blum ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa njengoba isikhali ngokudubula nezimpisi.