Underwater APS okuzenzakalelayo: izithombe, incazelo, analogs

Ezikhathini zasendulo, zabo ezitholwe abatshuzi njengoba izikhali main wasebenzisa ummese. Ngo-1950, kanye nomhlaba obhekwe we-scuba lokuqala kwaba sobala ukuthi ukubhukuda has ithuba elingcono ukuba basinde kule mpi ngaphansi kwamanzi, uma ukugcina isitha sakho kude. Ngenxa yalokho, ummese salandelwa kwamanzi inhlendla nezibhamu waphumelela kuphela okuzingela noma ukuvikelwa oshaka. Lokhu isikhali has a isivinini esiphansi, uhla olude, izinga lomlilo kokuma amandla ababuthakathaka. Melana isitha oqeqeshiwe kusetshenziswa kuphela isibhamu inhlendla, kwakunzima kakhulu. Kule ndaba, design umsebenzi ukudalwa nande kokudutshulwa amasampula kwamanzi izinyathelo zokwenza emazweni amaningi. Omunye wabo wayebizwa akhiwa Soviet gunsmith machine for kwamanzi ukudubula APS.

Lesi sihloko iqukethe ulwazi mayelana isikhali kwamanzi kanye onobuhle ambalwa efanayo, esetshenziswa frogmen nezinye izifundazwe.

indaba

Ngo-October 1955 ku Sevastopol bay of Novorossiysk kwakukhona kwenzeka ingozi ebucayi, ngesikhathi owacwila yempi. Esikhathini esithile phakathi ochwepheshe kukholakala ukuthi imbangela zokungajabuli kuyinto umdlalo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule ndaba zimpawu ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle, izenzakalo ngo-1955 ophoqelelwe lezempi acabange ngalo mbuzo: zingamelana amaqembu kwamanzi bangamavukela-mbuso kahle kakhulu indlela? Ngo-1960 iSoviet Union lenzeka amayunithi eziningana frogmen, okuyiwona gunsmiths Soviet ekhiqizwa APS umshini kwamanzi (isithombe izikhali okusesihlokweni esithi).

Onjiniyela

Ucwaningo nentuthuko umsebenzi ukwenziwa "TSNIITOCHMASH" ibhizinisi ngaphansi kokuqondisa VV Podolsk Simonov. Le nguqulo yokuqala ye-MTA yabuthelwa umklami PA izicubu. Kusukela ngo-1975, i-MTA mass-kukhiqizwa i-izingalo ifektri e Tula. Ngokwesiko, lezi ngwenya lawa abehlome ngezibhamu izibhamu amasosha kweSoviet amabutho ezikhethekile we Navy. Namuhla, kuyinto isikhali esetshenziswa ukuntweza frogmen Russia nase-Ukraine.

Yiziphi nobunzima ababhekana nazo abaklami?

Ngo inqubo aklame kwamanzi izikhali ezincane phambi Onjiniyela unenkinga, owawungumnyaka khona ephezulu ukumelana namanzi. Ngenxa contact yayo nge imiphongolo imifanekiso othomathikhi bese semi-automatic uya ekuqongeleleni umusi, okuyinto ushayela isikhali inoperable. Uma udala kwamanzi APS umshini ekhethekile, zombili lezi zici bathunjelwa akhawunti.

Ekhuluma

APS umshini kwamanzi isetshenziswa njengendlela isikhali ababhukudi ngazinye, ukuntweza abatshuzi ngoba zokudubula ebusweni kanye nemigomo ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ikakhulukazi le isikhali Abaklami athuthukile MPS igobolondo (igobolondo zasolwandle ekhethekile) osezingeni 5.6 mm, equkethe inaliti ichashazi (sagittal) uthayiphe, nenqwaba okuyinto ingeqi 15 g. Usayizi slug 12 cm. Inhloko ingxenye has a constriction. Ngaphandle ichashazi sifana double Isigaxa ufushanisiwe. ikhanda lakhe ingxenye kuhlanganisa ikamelo cavitation, esiklanyelwe pool:

• ukunyakaza Esitebeleni emanzini.
• Ukulondoloza igesi at amabanga amade.

Ngenxa yokuntuleka emgqonyeni rifling i kwamanzi umshini APS ngesikhathi inhlamvu ukunyakaza kuvimbe ukudalwa torque. Lapho ngokudubula phezu kobuso lwechashazi uhlaliseke njalo ishaya target at ibanga kuze kube eziyikhulu amamitha, ibutho elilwayo ikhono kuka imikhawulo abatshuzi ogwini.

Ukuze enze imishini kwamanzi APS futhi SPP-1 isibhamu (kwamanzi ekhethekile) ezisetshenziswa ababhukudi combat ohambweni, okuyinto kuyafana umshini, aguqulelwe labadubuli cartridges IPU futhi MPST (ulwandle igobolondo Tracer ekhethekile esetshenziswa frogmen ukulungisa sokudubula).

Ngenxa isenzo MTA ezishintshayo e inert ukumelana namanzi iye unqobe ngaphakathi ohlelweni. Ngenxa yalokho, APS umshini kwamanzi lingasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo esetshenziselwa kokudubula ngaphansi kwamanzi at ibanga ukubonakala oqondile. Lethality inhlamvu ezinjalo kanye velocity kokuqala (365 m / s) kwanele ukuba baphule 0.5 cm ingilazi organic hit abaphikisi egqoke isudi diving.

kudivayisi

Lapho yokukhiqiza owamukelayo ngoba kwamanzi MTA umshini esetshenziswa ishidi steel. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izingalo ezincane senzelwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi, futhi uhluke kancane kusuka ezweni umshini isampula. MTA ifakwe othomathikhi ukulayisha kabusha indlela esisebenza ngenxa yamandla yamagesi Propellant ukuthi excreted esiteshini emgqonyeni uma ngokudubula.

Isikhali ifakwe indlela inhlamvu, okuvumela leli sosha ukudubula kokubili Ukuvutha olulodwa okuqhubekayo. Ukuze afeze ukulungiswa imodi labadubuli umshini ifakwe umhumushi ekhethekile. Indawo indawo yayo kwaba ohlangothini lwesobunxele owamukelayo.

Ngenxa elislayidayo wire lensimbi elinezinhlangothi Butt sokuzingela esivumelana isebenze. Ezimweni ensimini ngesidunu kulula sehla phakathi owamukelayo, kanye imishini ngokwabo okudingeka zikhunjulwe ezinhlangothini izimoto zangaphansi kwamanzi ezithuthukile. APS yakhelwe 2,000 isibhamu ngaphansi kwamanzi. impilo yakhe emoyeni 180 isibhamu.

Kanjani isikhali kwamanzi?

Phakathi kokudubula yesivalo MTA besihlehla, wenza kuvulwa isiteshi umgqomo, isizinda emkhonweni breech futhi isizinda salo. Entwasahlobo ukubuya bedle ibhawudo onomfutho, ihamba wokusika nama cocked inhlamvu. Ngemva ngokucindezela inhlamvu indlela entwasahlobo ukubuya iqala ukusebenza. Phakathi ukubuya ukuphokophela phambili esebenzisa yesivalo wenziwa chambering le munition elilandelayo zomagazini ekamelweni nokuvala isiteshi emgqonyeni. I umamukeli ifakwe ekhethekile ukukhiya lugs, okuyinto zenzelwe uvala shutter. Uvala kubhekwa ephelele uma yesivalo lugs yayo wahamba ngemuva abutments. Slide, liqhubekela phambili, obandakanya ne wesigubhu, ngubani ngosizo lo mgadli uphahlaze primer izinhlamvu, ngenxa okuyinto kukhona badutshulwe.

Supply izinhlamvu

Izindawo abashisekeli waba ibhokisi emise double irowu esitolo kufika 26 Temphi Letitichumane siyiswe. Ukwehlukanisa cartridges e umagazini Kwenziwa esebenzisa amapuleti ekhethekile. Izitolo zihlanganisa entwasahlobo izibopho, ukulungisa izinhlamvu engenhla umshini kwamanzi APS. Analogue izikhali kwamanzi, kokubili ochwepheshe emhlabeni uthi cha. Nokho, kuyaziwa ukuthi parallel ukwakhiwa kwezikhali Soviet Abaklami kwamanye amazwe futhi wenze imizamo ukwakha izikhali kwamanzi ephelele.

QBS-06

Lokhu okuzenzakalelayo ngabanye kusetshenziswa kakhulu izikhali ezincane kusukela ngo-2006, uzihlomisa frogmen Ishayina. QBS-6 kuyinto isibhamu kwamanzi, esebenzisa ngalo diver kungathinta Okuqondiwe kwamanzi kanye ebusweni besitha.

Umgqomo isikhali ikhiyiwe ujikelezisa umshudo, isibambo esemgwaqweni ohlangothini kwesokudla umshini. Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa steel umamukeli ishidi isetshenziswa. Ngokungafani APS Soviet, imodeli Chinese has a ibhodi lemisindo plastic. Ikakhulukazi i-amagilavu fighter kwaba elula ukusebenzisa QBS-6, unogada inhlamvu zenziwa ngokwanele ububanzi. Nenareznye iziqu. Imishini ifakwe izitobhi wire ehlombe. Uma kudingeka, kungenziwa eligoqiwe. Izinhlamvu zezibhamu umkhiqizo plastic ibhokisi emise, okuyinto ezingu 25 5.8 mm ubukhulu. Ukuze imishini kwamanzi QBS-6 athuthukile omiswe nokuzwa angahlelekile.

Izimpawu imodeli Chinese

ububanzi Ngempumelelo QBS-6 luncike ukucwiliswa ukujula. Uma usebenzisa imishini at 5 m ububanzi izikhali 30 m ukujula kanye ka 20 m ukujula - the cartridges aphumelela at ibanga 20 m uma umbhukudi egxilile for 40 m, the kwamanzi othomathikhi sokudubula ibanga elingamamitha 10 kuphela lungasetshenziswa nalolu hlobo futhi .. phezu, kodwa kuphathelene nokuncipha ukunemba imiphumela kanye umshini nsiza. Ngo QBS-6 usebenzisa umqondo ofanayo kanye nomklamo, kanye eSoviet kwamanzi umshini APS.

Analogs NATO: BUW-2

Ngo-1971 e-Germany yasungulwa multi-ophethe isibhamu lulwimi kwamanzi BUW-2. Yaba ezakhiwe ngayo amachashazi asebenzayo-esisheshayo, okuyinto elinesimo kuqiniswa hydrodynamic. Cartridges eziqukethwe block alahlwayo ka iziqu ezine. Kokudubula ububanzi ngaphansi kwamanzi ingeqi 10 metres emoyeni - 250 Ammunition ifakwe izinaliti steel 4.5 mm ubukhulu. Ubude wabo kusukela 3 kuya ku-6 cm. izitsha eziyisikhombisa Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinaliti inamathelisiwe equkethe ezinobuthi. Supply izinhlamvu Kwenziwa kusuka umthamo esitolo izinaliti 15 kuya ku-20.

P11

ngokuqinile German Heckler Koch isibhamu ekhethekile kwamanzi P11 lwenzelwe ukulwa ababhukudayo. Lokhu isibhamu ifakwe iyunithi replaceable lapho zitholakala imiphongolo, igiya kuthiwa okwenzile ngokudlule efektri futhi imali eningi kungenziwa igcwaliseke kuphela workshop ekhethekile. Phela namacala uzobe esingu phandle, emabhuloki isuswa isibhamu. P11 libhekene khona amacala kagesi futhi ifakwe i-electronic ukuthungela nokucupha indlela okuyinto omula emgqonyeni ngamunye elektrokapsyul. Okuphakela amandla isebenzisa ibhethri 9 engama-volt angu (amabili). indawo yabo yaba gumbi uphawu e isibambo.

Ngu wayesibonele ukukhanya Uzalo indlela ngogesi. isibhamu Underwater Kuphendula izinhlamvu olukhethekile 7,62 mm, okuyinto zinama nge inhlamvu inaliti-efana. izinhlamvu Standard kuhlanganisa inhlamvu elinendawo core phambili. I izinhlamvu udibi Ukubhoboza ifakwe ngesineke ichashazi abamnyama, okuyinto anikezwa steel core. I isibhamu ine ngempumelelo labadubuli kumamitha angu kufika ku-15 ngaphansi kwamanzi, 30 - emoyeni.

Namuhla, lezi amavolovolo kwamanzi frogmen ahlomile eJalimane, e-Italy, eFrance, Norway, USA, nase UK.