I-Chernigov-Gethsemane indlu yasezindlini kaZiqu-zintathu-iSergius Lavra: incazelo

Ekude amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka kuZiqu-zintathu ZikaNkulunkulu uSergius Lavra unamathele kumakhempeli akhe aseChernigov-Gethsemane. Kusukela phakathi nekhulu le-XIX kuze kube sekumisweni kwamandla aseSoviet, kwakungenye yezithombe ezimbili ezihlobene, ezisezinhlangothini ezahlukene zeKorbushinsky, noma, njengoba kuthiwa futhi, i-Upper Skete echibini. Umlando wabo uziphindaphinda ngendlela eqinile yabantu abavela emsebenzini wokuzidela kuNkulunkulu, oye wehla ekuqothulweni okuphelele kobungcwele futhi abuyele emithonjeni yakhe engokomoya.

Izici zobomi bendabuko

E-Orthodoxy yaseRussia kusukela esikhathini esidlule, isiko sakha: ikakhulukazi abaholi bezandla abashisekayo, befuna isibusiso se-abbot, bashiye izindonga zezindela bese behlala kude nabo. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kwabasiza ukuba bagxile kakhulu emthandazweni, bagweme zonke izinto zezwe nezingenalutho ezingena ezindongeni zezindela. Ngokuphathekayo, bahlala benamathele kwi-monastery eyinhloko futhi balalela umqondisi wayo kukho konke, kodwa uhlobo lokuphila abakhethile lwenza bakwazi ukusetha ishadi eliqinile ngokwengeziwe, elakhiwe emithethweni yobunzima obuqinile.

Ngezinye izikhathi izixuku zazizihlalisa zodwa futhi zazibulala, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi zona, zihlangane nabantu abaningana, zakha i-monastery encane, kodwa ezimele, ebizwa ngokuthi i-monastery. Leli gama lavela egameni lesifunda saseGibhithe, lapho, ngokusho kwezinganekwane, ukuzalwa kwezwe kuzalwa futhi kusuka lapho kuqhubeka khona emhlabeni jikelele.

Abasunguli bezindela zokuqala

I-monasteri yokuqala yeZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra - Gethsemane - yasungulwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX ngamakholi abafisa ukuzibandakanya ekuphileni komthandazo wodwa. Bamkhethela indawo emgodini ohlangothini lwase-Korbushinsky emanzini. Kwenzeka, njengoba kubonakala kumadokhumenti, ngo-1845, kanti kakade eminyakeni emibili kamuva ogwini oluseduze e-Isakovsky grove kwakulungiswa uMaspuskaphu owawuhlonishwa kakhulu eMoscow ngaleyo minyaka.

Ngaphambili, le ndoda kaNkulunkulu yayingumonakalo wezinhlayiya, kodwa, ngemva kokuba icele lo dokotela ukuba abusise isenzo sokuzihlupha, washiya umhlalaphansi kubazalwane futhi, endaweni ephephile, wazibophezela ngomakhalekhukhwini. Kodwa lokhu kwakungewona umzila olula, lapho okwakuhlala khona ukuhlala eRussia labo abaphila babengumama wesifazane. Iseli lakhe i-Filippushka lakhiwa ngemifanekiso yamapulangwe, ehlelwe eKie-Pechersk Lavra, lapho evakashele khona ngesikhathi ehamba phambili. Iminyaka emine isiwula sisebenzise ngokuzikhandla okukhulu. Kancane kancane, amanye amakholi aqala ukujoyina. Ngenxa yokuzikhandla kwabo ngo-1851, kwakunezakhiwo eziningi eziphansi komhlaba ezinamaseli amancane kanye nethempeli lamagceke elahlukaniswa ukudumisa uMikayeli omkhulu uMichael.

Isithonjana esisebenza ngokuyisimangaliso kanye nendoda endala ehlakaniphile

Ngo-1852 umninimzi wasekhaya u-Alexandra Filippova wanikela isonto le-cave isithonjana seChernigov Umama kaNkulunkulu, kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi "iChernigov-Gethsemane icon" futhi wanikeza igama lesi skete ngokwayo. Amandla akhe agcwele umusa abonakalisiwe okokuqala, lapho owesifazane okhubazekile ephilile ephiliswa emithandazweni yakhe ngaphambi kwakhe. Amacala afanayo aphindaphindiwe kaningi.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa ekhulwini le-XIX iholo lezindlunkulu laseChernigov-Gethsemane lithola inkazimulo ekhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uVasily Ilyich Merkulov, oye waba omunye wabameleli abaqhakazile bezinkolelo zaseRussia, uhlala kuwo. Ukuze akhulume naye emigodini evela ezweni lonke, labo abafisa iqiniso likaNkulunkulu baqoqa, futhi ezinsukwini zikaJanuwari ka 1905 uMbusi uNicholas II uza eNkampanini yePhalamende ukuze asekele ngokomoya emva kwemicimbi eyaziwayo e- Palace Square . Ngo-1866, uMelkulov wathatha umshini ngegama uBarnaba.

Ukuqedwa kwesikhathi sokwakhiwa

Njengoba isigamu sesibili samashumi amahlanu ekhulwini le-XIX leminyaka yeChernigov-Gethsemane isikhumba sanda, futhi kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezintsha ensimini yayo. Ikakhulukazi, isonto lamapulangwe loMfundisi oNgcwele Anthony noTheodosius lakhiwa. Babuye banda isonto lomhume. Kodwa ukwakhiwa okuyinhloko kwakusekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka. Inkimbinkimbi yomhume yabizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-monnier yaseChernihiv.

Ngaphansi kwejoka labaphathi abafuna uNkulunkulu

Ngo-1919, uLenin waqala inkampani engakholelwa kuNkulunkulu noSergiev Posad. NgoNovemba i-monastery ivaliwe. Ngokuhlelwa kweziphathimandla zedolobha, izakhamuzi zaphoqeleka ukuba zithuthele kokubili izindlu zaseGetsemane naseChernigov, ezazingaseduze ne-Upper Skete echibini.

Kodwa lezi zindela azizange ziphile isikhathi eside kuzo. Ngo-1921 i-sketta yaseChernigov ivaliwe, futhi isithonjana esimangalisayo esasikulo sathunyelwa esontweni laseMoscow iSt. Sergius saseRadonezh. Kwaphela isikhathi esincane i-Gethsemane skete. Ngesikhathi se-NEP, wanikezwa isimo somphakathi wezolimo, futhi i-monastery yayisenelungelo okwesikhashana.

Kodwa-ke, ngasekuqaleni kuka-1924, isonto lokugcina elahlukanisa ukuhlonishwa kwe-Assumption kanye ne-Ascension of Our Lady yavalwa, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho ukuxoshwa endaweni ewakhiwe kanye namakholi ngokwabo balandela. I-abbot yokugcina yezindela - i-hegumen Israel - yathunyelwa ekuthunjweni, lapho yafa khona eminyakeni engamashumi ayisihlanu.

Iminyaka engemva kwempi

Ekupheleni kwempi uSergiev Posad wayephakathi kwamadolobha ambalwa lapho ukuphila kwase-monastic kwavuselelwa khona. Ngo-1946, ngomyalo kahulumeni, uZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra wavulwa futhi, lapho inkonzo yokuqala yaphezulu yayibanjwe khona e-Assumption Cathedral ngoLwesine Elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukubuya kwamakholi akhethwe emigodini yabo akuzange kwenzeke. Endaweni lapho i-Gethsemane igqoke khona isitifiketi, kusukela ekuqaleni kwamashumi amahlanu inhlangano yezempi yayitholakale. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalo, zonke izakhiwo zezindela ezazisinda kuze kube yilolu suku zavuthwa. Kwasinda ingxenye encane yocingo.

Isiphetho sezindwendwe zasezindlini zaseChernigov asizange sibuhlungu kancane. Phakathi nenkathi yeSoviet, wayesebenzisa isikhathi eside njengesiboshwa, futhi njengesikole esikhishwa abantu abakhubazekile. Kuphela ngo-1988, lapho inqubomgomo yombuso eya esontweni ishintshile, inqubo yokuvuselela kwayo yaqala. Mayelana nalokhu, ngesinyathelo sePatriatriate yaseMoscow kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezishoshovu zama-Orthodox, kwakhiwa ikomidi elikhethekile.

Ukubuyiselwa kwesakhiwo sezindela endaweni yezindleko zempahla

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkonzo zikaNkulunkulu ezivamile zenziwa e-Trinity Lavra yaseSt. Sergius ngaphambi kwesimangaliso sikaMama kaNkulunkulu, uCherigov, owayengaleso sikhathi emgodini we-Trinity Cathedral, naphambi kwamanye amathempeli. Imisebenzi yomngcwabo evamile yabuye yavuselelwa endaweni yokuphumula komdala kaBarnaba.

Ngenxa yemithandazo engapheli nokuxoxisana isikhathi eside nezikhulu zamazinga ahlukahlukene, i-monasteri yaseChernigov-Getsemane ekugcineni yanikezwa emasimini, futhi le nqubo yaqedwa. Ekuqaleni, abanikazi bokuqala babuyela ekwakhiweni kweChedralral yaseChernigov kanye nesitokisini esenziwe ngokuyisimangaliso esakhiwe ngomdala uBarnaba, okufanayo nombusi owafika kuwo.

Khona-ke izakhiwo ezisele kanye nensimu lapho zitholakala khona sezivele sezikhona iziphathimandla ze-monastic. Ngokugcwele impilo yayo yangaphambili, i-monasteri yabuya ngo-1990, lapho iqala kabusha indawo yokuhlala. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, lo mdala uBarnaba wayebekwa phakathi kwabangcwele, ethuneni lapho kutholakala khona ukuphulukiswa okuningi.

Sergiev Posad. Gethsemane Chernigov lezindela ezinsukwini zethu

Isikhathi sibeka konke endaweni yaso. Namuhla i-monasteri yaseChernigov-Gethsemane, njengangonyaka odlule, yamukela inamba enkulu yabantu abafisa ukuvakashela le ndawo emangalisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthi ibuye ivuselele njengesikhungo sokuphila okungokomoya, kuhloswe kahle ukuthi iyodwa yezikhumbuzo zomlando nezamasiko. Isikhungo sokwakha sakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi ithempeli laseChernihiv, elakhiwe ngo-1889.

Ngaphansi kwayo ithempeli lamaphanga, elabeka isisekelo sokwakhiwa kwezindela. I-refectory yayo yayinwetshwa kakhulu eminyakeni edlule yekhulu le-XIX, futhi kuleso sigaba, esakhiwe yimisebenzi yomsunguli wezindela eziyiziwula uFilippka, namuhla i-altare lifakwa. Isonto libuyiselwe ngokugcwele futhi izinkonzo zenziwa lapho.

Isiyingi sezakhiwo ngesitayela esingamanga-isiRashiya

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo se-esitolo esine-two, esakhiwa ngaso ngo-1865, sidinga ukunakekelwa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izakhiwo ezihlobisa uChernigov Gethsemane Skete kaZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra ngemva kuka-1889 zakhiwe ngesitayela esibucayi-isiRussia. Lokhu kwavumela abadwebi ukuba bakhe isakhiwo esisodwa sezakhiwo, okuhlanganisa nokwakhiwa kweChedralral yaseChernigov.

Inesithakazelo esikhethekile kulabo abavakashela isakhiwo sezindlunkulu kaZiqu-zintathu-uSergius Lavra, iyinhloko yensimbi emihlanu ehlanganisiwe, emi phambi kwebandla laseChernigov, elakhiwe ngo-1895. Umbhali wale phrojekthi wayengumakhi waseMoscow u-AA Latkov. Ngaphandle kwemikhuba yayo yobuciko, iyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ukuphakama kwayo kufana nokulingana nensimbi yeBell Trinity uSergius Lavra, eyavuka esibhakabhakeni ngamamitha ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalombili.

Phakathi kwama-Gethsemane Chernigov isichazamazwi esidumile, isithonjana esithi "The Wall Unbreakable". Ukubaluleka kwalowo Mama wesithombe sikaNkulunkulu, lapho iNdlovukazi yaseZulwini iboniswa khona ngezingalo eziphakanyiselwe ezulwini, iqukethe egameni elibonisa ukucela kwakhe kumaKristu nokuwacela phambi kweNdodana Yakhe Yokukhulelwa Kwama-Ancestral. Lesi sithonjana, njengesithombe "esidumile seChernigov soMama kaNkulunkulu," sibonakala njengesithonjana esisebenza ngokuyisimangaliso.

Ungafika kanjani kwi-monastery?

Umbuzo ojwayelekile owafunwa yilabo abafisa ukuvakashela i-Chernigov-Gethsemane skete indlela yokufinyelela kuyo? Ngeke kube nzima. Kwanele ukufika esiteshini iSergiev Posad ngesitimela kagesi, bese uqhubeka enombolweni yebhasi 38. I-stop edingekayo ibizwa ngokuthi "Chernigov Skete". Ungasebenzisa futhi izinsizakalo zetekisi elungisiwe, lapho ufinyelele emzaneni waseFermat. Umgwaqo ohamba phambili ungeke ube nemaminithi amahlanu. Njalo isivakashi se-monasteri, ngokungangabazeki, sizongena emkhathini wama-Orthodox aseRussia.