Amakhompyutha, Izinhlelo
HTML: izisekelo Wabasaqalayo
HTML - uxhumano ulimi yomdwebo ukuthi wenze i-Inthanethi njengoba siyazi nothando. Kuyinto ngenxa leli thuluzi elihle amasayithi ukubheka nice nezanamuhla futhi inikeza lula ukusetshenziswa kwazo. HTML nje uqoqa yezinhlobo ikhasi lewebhu inketho kusebenziseka kalula. Umsebenzi wakhe ifaniswe yokuthi ukwenza umbhalo abahleli ezifana MS Word noma OpenOffice. Baguculela mass azikubheki izinhlamvu incwadi manje izigaba, ukugqamisa umbhalo, omalukeke, amatafula, ngisho izithombe. Cishe into efanayo eyenza HTML, ne umehluko kuphela nokuba ukuthi imibhalo yayo ziboniswa isiphequluli, futhi amathuba leli thuluzi ngobubanzi okuningi ngaphandle sombhalo. Isetshenziselwa wokugubha tags - imiyalo ekhethekile ezichaza isakhiwo khasi lewebhu. Basuke ebiyelwe engela kubakaki -
abahleli ezibukwayo
Beginners kuphela kuvuleke indlela yokuba ekutadisheni-HTML, ngokuvamile ziqala umsebenzi wabo ne izinhlelo ukudala amawebhusayithi ngaphandle kolwazi. Abakwazi nje beka izinto esikrinini njengoba izovela isiphequluli. Kunengqondo, nakhu - ungumthombo womusa okuphakade, ivumela ukuqeda iningi Onjiniyela sewebhu. Kodwa akunjalo elula, ngoba abahleli ezibukwayo babe amaphutha amaningi esenza kungenzeki ukuzisebenzisa kumaphrojekthi sina.
Lezi zinhlelo ukudala eziningi tags ezingadingekile ezenza wekugcina kwekhasi nzima futhi routing. Yiqiniso, kule nkathi ye-high-speed internet kubaluleke esingaphansi esikhathini esidlule, kodwa kukhona ngenxa yezizathu eziningana kungani iwebhusayithi emfushane futhi esibhalwe kahle kuyinto esizuzisa ukwedlula okuphikisana nalo, wadala kumhleli ezibukwayo. Ikhasi lewebhu eyenziwe uhlelo ezinjalo ngeke baphatheke kahle kwamalume izinjini njengebalulekile kubo nsuku amakhilobhayithi kwekhodi kanye nekhodi nzima futhi kwakungenangqondo nge kweqembu amaphutha semantic Akukho kubo ukunambitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abahleli ngokuvamile ngemuva izikhathi, baba ayibalulekile, futhi ukuchitha imithombo ekukhuleni kwabo zingenzeki ngoba akukho professional ngeke asebenzise le mikhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, noma ubani ofuna ukuba asebenze ukudalwa amasayithi, kufanele ukwazi izinto eziyisisekelo-HTML.
tags
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, amathegi ukuchaza isakhiwo kwekhasi isiphequluli sewebhu. Iningi labo ukuvulwa kanye lokuvala amathegi, kodwa hhayi wonke. Ngokwesibonelo,
Kukhona futhi tags olulodwa, okuyinto akudingeki ivalwe. Ngo kungase kube ngubani kubo ngaphakathi, kanye nezimfanelo. Mnikeni kungenziwa esisungulwe iningi-HTML tags kanye ubeka izakhiwo element. It is okhethwe ithegi ukuvulwa libukeka kanje: ngemfanelo = "...", lapho esikhundleni amaphuzu ukubaluleka ngemfanelo. Ulwazi ithegi kuyisinyathelo sokuqala nesibaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa-HTML. Okusemqoka kule art nokuthatha isinyathelo kuvisisa sakhiwo khasi lewebhu.
isakhiwo idokhumenti
idokhumenti-HTML Inkonde ngayinye ifakwe umshini isandiso esihambelanayo, isibonelo, index.html. Ngakho isiphequluli bakwazi ukuzwisisa lokho anakho ukwenza, futhi ngendlela efanele ukubonisa ikhasi. Zonke amafayela asisebenzisa ekudaleni indawo, kuhle ukugcina lwemibhalo efanayo esikhathini esizayo adambise kakhulu ukuphila kwakho. Izisekelo lwemibhalo yewebhu Ulimi-HTML ukubandakanya nokuqonda okucacile isakhiwo idokhumenti. Iqala nge ithegi , litshela version isiphequluli we-HTML, esetshenziswa kule dokhumenti. Okwamanje, inguqulo nezokusigcoba wesihlanu ulimi, kukhona ngakho asikho isidingo baziqambela lutho, singakwazi ukufaka ngokuphepha Ithegi ngenhla kuya phezulu kunoma iliphi ikhasi.
Bese uya isakhiwo main abhanqiwe, akha lesi "skeleton" isayithi. Ithegi kuqala lapho ukubeka lonke - ... html>. Zonke esingenakukwazi, ayibonwa isiphequluli njengoba ikhasi lewebhu, ukuze livaleke idokhumenti. Le maki kuyadingeka ukuze dokhumenti. Iphinde kuqukethe amathegi eziningana saziso, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi.
Shona
Ngaphakathi ithegi
... head> liqukethe ulwazi lwemvelo lobuchwepheshe, okuyinto kuzokhonjiswa ekhasini, kodwa, nokho, kuyingxenye ebalulekile ye-HTML dokhumenti. isaziso Imigomo sibekwa kule ndawo, akhethiwe kanye busuka wekhodi kwegama ikhasi. It is aqukethwe ngaphakathi ithegi sazisoXhumanisa
Ulwazi oluyisisekelo-HTML futhi kuhilela ukusetshenziswa izitayela ehlukahlukene, noma CSS. Zibeka izakhiwo izakhi azoboniswa ikhasi. Izinto zesimanje indlela kule inkinga ihilela ukunqunywa izici ezifana umbala, ukuphakama nendawo nto, ifayela yangaphandle ukuze kube lula wanezela. Ukuze uxhume CSS-ifayela isebenzisa ithegi
umzimba
Kuyinto kule ngxenye ye-HTML-mbhalo adalwe ingxenye ebonakalayo ikhasi. Konke kwenziwa ngaphakathi "umzimba" ziyobonakala isiphequluli. Esikhathini
- - isetshenziselwa ukukhipha olungaphansi, abelwa ukuba silandele isitayela esithile, ezichazwe CSS;
- - yakha isixhumanisi ekhasini leWeb; gxuma kheli elicacisiwe ngemfanelo href;
- - omunye tags ethandwa kakhulu yesimanje; Noma ubani wanquma ukufunda okuyisisekelo HTMLl ulimi kufanele uyinaka ke, ngoba isici block elenziwe ngesisekelo share sengonyama amawebhusayithi lanamuhla (izilinganiso blockasethwe e CSS, nezinye amayunithi zingafakwa ngaphakathi lo maki);
- ukhetha isigaba umbhalo; okuqukethwe isigaba itholakala phakathi ukuvulwa kanye lokuvala tags;
- - uhla olunezinombolo, izakhi zazo zimi ithegi pair
- ;
-
- - uhlu lwamachashazi, okuyinto, kanye nezinto olunezinombolo kuthiwa yi- ithegi
- ;
-
-
- idokhumenti izihloko (sibalo kukhombisa lizinga kwesihloko, okusho
- isihloko esikhulu, futhi ukuhluka okwalandela engezansi yayo, endleleni, amazinga zezihloko
,
cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola phezu izikhala Inthanethi evulekile) kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ikhasi ungaba unhlokweni eyodwa kuphela
,
- - kugqame umbhalo;
- - i-ithalikhi;
-
- faka izithombe ekhasini lewebhu (kuba ithegi olulodwa, akadingi ukuvala shaqa, kodwa iyadingeka ukuze ucacise Imfanelo alt, ecacisa umbhalo isithombe); -
- faka ividiyo ekhasini lewebhu; -
- ithegi ufakwa idokhumenti lwefayela yomsindo.
Lena akuyona yonke tags ezidingekayo ukudala ikhasi ewebhu akho, kodwa esanele ukubeka izisekelo-HTML Wabasaqalayo.
CSS
ukuthuthukiswa kolimi-HTML kuye kwaholela yokuthi isisindo tag ngayinye obzavolsya izingxenye, futhi izidingo ukubukeka of eWeb kwakusho kunyuke. Ikhodi isibe nzima futhi esingesihle, kwakunzima ukufunda, ingasaphathwa ukuzivumelanisa noma ushintsho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ngaleso sikhathi kufanele ujuluke, ushintsha njalo isandla uma site lakho Amakhasi ayishumi, lapho eziningi ezisematheni, iphawulwa ngombala oluhlaza, ngokungazelelwe ubufuna ukwenza kubo abomvu. Njengoba sekunama-Cascading Style Sheets, le nqubo isibe elula nenengqondo, futhi i-HTML ikhodi isibe efundekayo kakhulu.
Ukusebenzisa CSS
Ukwakha amakhasi eWeb, kumele ukwazi izinto eziyisisekelo HTML futhi CSS, ngakho-ke manje futhi kungesemehlweni Cascading Style Sheets ukwenza kule ndawo into. Zibeka izimfanelo for element ngayinye, esebenza yonke idokhumenti. Ngakho, ungabeka umbala kanye konke
Ukuze uxhume ifayela CSS idokhumenti, kukhona ukuhlobana ithegi. Kancane ngenhla ke echazwe isimiso yokusetshenziswa kwawo, kodwa hhayi VO ngokuhlanganisa zonke izitayela endaweni eyodwa. Kukhona ithegi
, okuyinto etholakala "ikhanda" idokhumenti futhi ikuvumela ukuba ubhalise izitayela ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amafayela CSS. Akunjalo ngempela ukusebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela eyodwa noma enye. Bona zingahlanganiswa ngempumelelo ukuze eletha imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Ukwakha ifayela isitayela amashidi Udinga ukwakha ifayela .css isandiso, isib, Styles.css. i-JavaScript
Ngokuvamile umuntu wanquma ukuqala asathuthuka amakhasi eWeb, uyaqaphela ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe akwanele izimali anikezwa i-HTML. Kubaluleka kuzodala ikhasi enhle, kodwa lokho uma ngokungazelelwe kudingeka ukuze kube interactive? Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, kukhona esiyingqayizivele simo ulimi lokwakha ukuthi kuwuthinta kahle-HTML. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-JavaScript, ngoba uJesu wazalwa nomfowethu omncane we Java ulimi ethandwa. Namuhla, lezi zilimi sengisilethe kokungafani okukhulu, futhi igebe phakathi kwabo ikhula kuphela.
I-JavaScript ongasinika amandla HTML, kukuvumela ukudala nokuhlela tags. Futhi ngosizo leli thuluzi elihle, ungasebenza Cokie, nokulanda idatha kusukela iseva ngaphandle kabusha ikhasi ukwenza indawo interactive ezingaphezu kuka uvumele i-HTML amakhono. It has ulimi kanye nemikhawulo okuhlotshaniswa nokuvikeleka. Uma i-JavaScript alisetshenziswa ohlangothini iseva, ngeke kwenziwe ezimweni ukuthi nganda ukukwazi kwawo, ukuthi abahlaseli zingase zisebenzise ikhodi enonya kunoma iyiphi ikhompyutha.
abahleli
-HTML-izinto eziyisidingo kakhulu saqala lokucabanga ulwazi uhlelo elula kakhulu futhi ezingokoqobo ngokudala amakhasi ewebhu. Njengoba kuchazwe ngenhla, abahleli abukelwe njengokusetshenziswa Dreamweaver nokunye okunjalo, ayifanele ngalezi zinhloso. Ngakho, bhala tags encwadini evamile? Lokhu kukhetha futhi okungabazisayo, kusukela notebook ejwayelekile akanayo amathuluzi esikhethekile sakhiwo. Lo msebenzi ungase ubhekane kahle incwajana ++. A plus elikhulu kwalo mkhiqizo ukuthi umthombo ovulekile futhi basakaza mahhala. Kuyo kukhona elula-syntax Eqokomisa kanye auto-lokuvala tags. Incwajana ++ futhi inikeza uhlu olubanzi izilimi esibonakalayo, kanye nekhono layo kalula ukwandisa ngosizo anezele eziningi.
Sublime Umbhalo 3 - uhlelo olufana incwajana ++, kodwa zibhebhetheka ku imali ngesisekelo. Ukuthi wathandwa izinhliziyo onjiniyela abaningi. Sublime Umbhalo 3 ekahle-JavaScript, CSS ne-HTML. Basics of ukusebenza ke kuyodingeka bafunde bebodwa, kodwa kuwufanele umzamo. Iqukethe amathuba angenamkhawulo ngempela ukuhleleka okuhle ephakamisa ulungise uhlelo ukuze uvumelane nezidingo zakho.
Okusemqoka HTML futhi CSS Wabasaqalayo
Njengoba ubona, ufunde nobuciko amakhasi ewebhu akunzima kangako njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala. Kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje ukuqeqeshwa okungokoqobo akuphambukise a unamahloni imfundamakhwela umsebenzisi unjiniyela. Vorstke ufunde lula kunalokho ukufunda kunoma yiluphi ulimi izinhlelo noma i-Linux. Eqinisweni, tags akuzona kakhulu Kubalulekile ukuqonda kuyasiza ngempela yini ukutadisha isicelo sabo.
Ungabi okungahambi kahle kuleli yebhizinisi amakhono umsebenzi ku-Adobe Photoshop. Lolu hlelo ikuvumela ukusebenza izithombe, izithombe kanye nezinye izici ezibonwayo zamakhasi ewebhu. Okwamanje ke "Photoshop" kungcono kakhulu ukuba bakwazi ukubhekana nezinkinga ezifana, izimbangi kwadingeka kancane. Kulabo umkhiqizo wenkampani ye-Adobe wafika yini angayithandi, lapho Lightroom, GIMP, Illustrator nezinye izinhlelo kanye imisebenzi efanayo.
Lokho kunikeza ulwazi-HTML
Amakhono ekudaleni amakhasi ewebhu lubalulekile kakhulu namuhla, njengoba Inthanethi uyanda ngokukhulu ukushesha. Njalo ibhizinisi, noma yikuphi, ngisho esitolo kwencani, workshop namaqembu ezemidlalo - sonke sifuna ukuba website yakho siqu. Futhi-ke, kulolu badinga umthuthukisi ongumnikazi CSS ne-HTML. Basics lula ukufunda, bese kuphuma abakuyo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe isakhiwo njalo elokhu ivela, onjiniyela front-end zihlale funa. Noma ubani enquma azinikele lokhu umkhakha okuthakazelisayo, akusoze ngaphandle umsebenzi.
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