Herta Müller uMklomelo KaNobel wakhe

Ngo-2009, Nobel Committee Wezincwadi umklomelo imbongi German, umlobi nesazi Herta Müller. Uma umfundi European imisebenzi yakhe baziwa, eRussia ngakho, ambalwa Ngizwile. German ngokuzalwa, yena wazalwa ngo Romania futhi zayiswa bonke ubunzima ngaphansi kwalowo mbuso wobushiqela of uNobhala Jikelele we-wendawo Communist Party uNicolae Ceauşescu. Lokhu enikelwe eziningi zezincwadi zakhe.

ebuntwaneni-Romanian

Herta Müller wazalwa ngo-1953 edolobheni elincane Nitskidorf. Itholakala zomlando Banat esifundeni, sekuyisikhathi eside ihlukaniswe phakathi kwamazwe amathathu - Romania, Hungary neSerbia. Eliseduze zokuhlala ezinkulu yayingumuzi omkhulu kunayo yonke lwesithathu eRomania, Timisoara.

Umndeni wakhe ingeyamakhosi Banat Swabians - igama ezivamile for labantu abakhuluma isiJalimane kwendawo zomlando. Umkhulu - nomlimi yomthengisi, uyise phakathi neMpi Yezwe II wakhonza e-Waffen SS. Umama, ngemva Romania wafika umbuso zamaKhomanisi, wadingiselwa kwenkamba Ukraine ngenxa imvelaphi yabo-German. Hamba khulula kwaba iminyaka emithathu kuphela ngaphambi kokuzalwa Hertha.

Ngo Timisoara Herta Mueller iziqu Western University - inyuvesi Romanian, eyasungulwa ngo-1962. okukhethekile wakhe kwaba izincwadi German futhi Romanian.

Ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe e-Federal Republic of Germany

Ngo-1976, Herta Müller ziqale ukuphila kwazo nge umsebenzi wokuhumusha efektri ugandaganda. Ngesikhathi uCeauşescu ngamandla iminyaka emibili kuphela, futhi bonke ubunzima umbuso ukuthi usanda kuqala ukuvela.

Esikhathini Muller 79th akasebenzi ngesizathu ewubala nje, ngesikhathi - ukungavumi abambisane amaphoyisa Romanian imfihlo, abeSecuritate. Ngemva kwalokho Hertha kuphazamisekile izifundo yangasese isiJalimane, usebenza sabaqalayo, waqala ukubhala.

isinqumo ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe senziwa kuphela ngo-1987. Futhi yena nomyeni wakhe, futhi engumlobi - Richard Wagner, aye eJalimane, e West Berlin.

emphakathini kokuqala

Hertha waqala lapho ebhala ngaphambi nje ngemva kokushona kukayise. Ngo-1979 wathola iziqu noveli "emathafeni", ehlanganisa 14 izindaba ezincane bahlanganiswe indaba ezivamile main. Nokho, umsebenzi eshicilelwe yayineminyaka emithathu kuphela kamuva, futhi kakhulu zazihlolwa. Le nguqulo yokuqala yanyatheliswa kuphela ngo-1984 eNtshonalanga Jalimane. Ngemva kwalokho Hertha isibe travel phesheya, futhi lapho wathola imvume ukuba ahambe kulelo zwe, amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi wazama ngodaka wakhe, ethi yena iba i-ejenti abeSecuritate.

Imisebenzi yokuthoma enikelwe Banatski umphakathi eRomania, lapho Herta Müller lakhula. Biography of umbhali eduze ahlobene nesihloko. Umniningwane uqokomisa emasisweni, ezibonakala umbhali microcosm umphakathi enkulu zokucindezela. inoveli yakhe yokuqala "emathafeni" emzaneni befa uchaza ebuntwaneni ngokombono ingane. Omunye esimnandi kakhulu kulo msebenzi kube yindlela amaxoxo croaking, lapho umfundi okufanele kuhambisane yiqembu elincane-German. Njengoba omunye wabalingiswa kule noveli: "Wonke umuntu waletha frog lapho ethuthela."

ukuqashelwa etemibhalo

Esikhathini 90, yena iyasebenza emkhakheni etemibhalo. Ngo-1992 ishicilela inoveli, eyaziwa ngesiRashiya elihunyushwe ngokuthi "Impungushe ngemva kwayo kwaba khona umzingeli," esikhuluma ngokubutha okuyokwenzeka mayelana yempilo esifundazweni Romanian ekuqa- 80-90-yalolucwaningo. Futhi izingcezu ezimbalwa, kuhlanganise edumile "Zverdtse", lahunyushelwa Russian.

Kuyinto scary, ngokuyinhloko ncwadi kwakhe lapho Herta Müller uchaza isiphetho isizukulwane young abafuduki abasuka eJalimane eminyakeni okubi kakhulu wokubusa umashiqela Romanian uCeauşescu. Kwakuyincwadi ethi kuqala, okuyinto wathola ukuqashelwa wakhe futhi imiklomelo eminingi emhlabeni etemibhalo. Wawuthi ngemva kokufa abangane ezimbili umbhali, okwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali, futhi utshela indaba iqembu labantu osemncane, obazali ubungani uwela ngaphansi kwethonya kobushiqela.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, umlobi uphatha ukugqamisa indida esabekayo: abantu abacindezelweyo, ukuthola induduzo amaphupho omashiqela. Isizukulwane esidala lamaJalimane yobuhlanga owayehlala ke eRomania, ngokuvumelana umbhali, bafaka ukuzinikela ngobuqotho kuHitler imibono yakhe.

temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Mueller

leitmotif Evamile, okuyinto uzama ukudlulisela umfundi Herta Mueller, kuthi akufane nokwenzeka isimiso romanticism etemibhalo - ". uhlamvu engavamile kunezimo ezingavamile" Kuphela Muller kuyinto art womuntu siqhubeke siphila ezimweni ezinonya, kanye Psychology, okuyinto ziqondiswa becindezelwe kubeka yabo. Ngokucace lezi imibono avele inoveli, "Ngifisa sengathi ngabe angikaze ngimbone ngokwami namuhla," 1997. Kuyo isisebenzi abasha ehlaselwa tormentor, emelela uhlelo komthetho.

Ngawo lowo nyaka wanyathelisa inoveli "Isabelo" ku uhambo phezu tram abavamile ifektri isisebenzi, owabuza i imibuzo ezingalindelekile ezifana izinguquko okungazelelwe umzila tram. izinkinga ezifanayo lithathelwe ubuntu emphakathini wobushiqela lunikezelwe umsebenzi ngaphambili of "Journey ngomlenze owodwa," lapho-Romanian abasha Lokudabuka German uzama ukujwayela ukuphila ngemva kokuba ehilelekile ubuhlobo obuseduze amadoda amathathu ngesikhathi esisodwa.

"Swing Breathing"

"Swing ukuphefumula" (ngesiRashiya translation okufana ezivamile "Ukuphefumula") - inoveli edume kunazo zonke, owabhala Herta Müller. Izimpendulo ngaye abahlaziyi bemibhalo nabafundi ngezindlela eziningi, bamletha uMklomelo KaNobel.

I protagonist yalo msebenzi - a German osemusha ngo-1945, wadingiselwa e-USSR. Uneminyaka engu-17 kuphela ubudala, futhi ekuqaleni nje ukuba uqonde izwe futhi azizwa izinguquko ngokwayo - ngokocansi ukuze amadoda. Ngalesi sikhathi, kanye nazo zonke edolobheni bomdabu amadala waphoqeleka ukuya ekamu ku Ukraine Soviet. I protagonist waziphatha okhandlayo esindayo, abalambayo amakhaza. Ngizama ukuthola kuleli zwe, ekwakheni irherho elihle letjhebiswano kanye nezikhonzi abafuduki abakhululekile kulezi ziboshwa nakwezinye. Ngenhla konke kusondela ingelosi Hunger, futhi protagonist ekugcineni azilahle impilo engokomoya, besekela wemvelo bokuphila izidingo nokusinda ezingozini kanye yokudla.

UMklomelo KaNobel

Ngo-2009, owazuza indondo sezincwadi Herta Müller waqala. umbhali ifotho ke kufanele senzeka Amakhasi phambi kwabezindaba emhlabeni.

Isihloko umsebenzi wakhe - ukuletha yolwazi yomfundi siqu unfreedom nodlame olubhekiswe umuntu, khuluma ngezinto oluqongelelwe, okuyindawo ngokuvamile zama ukuba azixoshe okuningi kwalokho ukukhumbula ezingemnandi futhi okwesabisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-uCeauşescu umbuso.

Ngaphezu temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, ukhiqiza Herta Müller izincwadi zezinkondlo indzabambhalo amaqoqo. Yena udonsa izithombe kudala ekumeni.

ERussia kuphela muva kwaduma Herta Müller. UMklomelo KaNobel unikelwa wakhe, waba nendima. Izincwadi zakhe nikela hhayi kuphela yezinkinga pan-European, kodwa inkinga isizwe Romanian. Ngokwesibonelo, Mueller asiyeki isihlamba abantu Romanian, ayisheshi ukulibaleka kakhulu ezethusayo ubushiqela.