Gonadotropin-ukukhulula ama-hormone (GnRH): ikakhulukazi izidakamizwa analogs

Gonadotropin-ukukhulula ama-hormone (GnRH) is njengoba hormone okuyinto kudedela luteinizing i-hormone (LHRH) eyaziwa futhi lyuliberin okuyinto peptide i-hormone trophic wemfanelo ukuba kukhululwe FSH (follicle inkanuko-hormone okuthiwa i), kanye (LH), luteinizing i-hormone kusukela pituitary anterior. GnRH - hormone kwemiqondo futhi zakhishwa ngxenye ye GnRH izinzwa. Lokhu peptide kungokwalabo emndenini gonadotropin-ukukhulula kwama-hormone emelela osinachalny uhlelo isinyathelo hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal. Leli phepha izokwethulwa njengoba abaphikisi hormone gonadotropin-lokukhululwa.

isakhiwo

Abazuza izindondo zikaNobel, Andrew V. Schally futhi Rozhe Giymen wachaza ngo-1977, ekuboneni izici GnRH: piroGlyu-Giese-TRP-Ser-Ezobuchwepheshe-Gly-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2. Yini kuvamile kokwethula peptides, ukulandelana anikezwe evela N-Terminus ukuze C-Terminus ngoba peptide isethulo, njengenjwayelo, kodwa futhi indinganiso weqa chirality isiqu, okusikisela ukuthi ama-amino acid ku-L ukuma zitholakala. Nezifinyezo kokungaphezulu ejwayelekile proteinogenic amino acid. Okungabalulwa piroGlyu - pyroglutamic acid, i-esuselwe glutamic acid. Ngesikhathi C-Terminus NH2 ubonisa ukuthi iketango uphela karboksidaminom esikhundleni carboxylate khulula.

zamagama

Eyandulela ka gonadotropin-ukukhulula ama-hormone isakhi sofuzo GNRH1 elise-chromosome 8 8. Jwayelekile decapeptide mammalian kwemiqondo 92 acid acid pre-prohormone phambi ngxenye preoptic. Kuyinto okuqondiswe ezahlukene uhlelo izindlela olawula-eksisi hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal engasenamahloni ngokwandisa amazinga estrogen emzimbeni.

ukusebenza

Gonadotropin-ukukhulula ama-hormone is akhishelwa ukugeleza igazi vein portal pituitary esifundeni ukuphakama lesemkhatsini. GnRH udluliselwa ukugeleza pituitary igazi vein portal equkethe amaseli gonadotropic lapho receptor siqu oyenza GnRH yokwamukela i-hormone gonadotropin-nikhulula, eziyisikhombisa transmembrane ezenza kuthiwa conjugated ne G-protein ne inkanuko beta isoform phosphoinositide phospholipase C, oludlula ukuba ukuhlanganisa amaprotheni kinase C ne-calcium . Lokhu kuphumela kusebenze amaprotheni ukuthi zinengxenye uketshezi futhi kwezici gonadotropins FSH futhi LH. Phakathi proteolysis GnRH uhlukanise imizuzu embalwa. Ngiseyingane, umsebenzi wayo sincane kakhulu, lwanda yobusha noma eminyakeni yokungena usakhula. Impumelelo incike zokuzala umsebenzi pulsatility umsebenzi ngokuhlolisisa kulawulwa iluphu impendulo. Kodwa umsebenzi GnRH ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa azidingeki. Izifo noma ukungasebenzi, kanye organic umonakalo futhi ukulimala Uhlobo ngxenye ezithile nezimila pituitary kungadala engathandeki pulsatility umsebenzi. amazinga prolactin aphakeme kunciphisa umsebenzi GnRH, hyperinsulinemia futhi liyaphuma futhi kuphazamisa umsebenzi FSH futhi LH, ezifana e amaqanda polycystic. Kallmana syndrome libhekene ukungabi khona GnRH zamagama.

neurohormones

GnRH kungenziwa ashiwo neurohormones. Ikhishwa i-hormone gonadotropin-ukukhulula endaweni preoptic ehlanganisa iningi izinzwa GnRH-secreting. La mangqamuzana ezinzwa azivumelanisa zivela emisipheni acinene futhi uthuthe ebuchosheni kuphi septum medial bese abahlakazekile hypothalamus exhunywe ne dendrites eside, abangaphezu kuka-1 mm eside. Ukuvumelanisa GnRH ziyidedele ku izinyanda kwakwakhe kusiza ukukhiqiza okokufaka olulodwa izinhlaka zokuxhumana zobuchopho. Ukusebenzisa eziningi omoya ezahlukene ezifana Gaba, glutamate futhi norepinephrine ezilungisiwe GnRH secreting izinzwa. Narpimer, ngemva nokuphathwa abesifazane progesterone-estrogen Dopamine kuvusa ukukhululwa kwe LH; futhi abesifazane ovariectomized Dopamine singavimbela ukukhululwa kwe LH. Umlawuli ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhululwa kwe GnRH Kiss-peptin ingaphinda kulawulwa estrogen. Nokho, kwakukhona ukuba khona neuronal secreting Kiss-peptin nokuveza alpha ne-estrogen receptor.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kukhona agonists hormone gonadotropin-lokukhululwa. Lesi sihloko kuyoba ulwazi mayelana nalo.

Umthelela on nezinye izitho

Indima GnRH kabi bafundelwa izinqubo zokuphila ngaphezu indlala pituitary futhi le ngxenye. Kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi kuba nethonya nezindlala ocansini kanye placenta ibuye GnRH receptor futhi GnRH ngokwayo kutholakele amangqamuzana omdlavuza, wesibeletho, endometrial, wendlala, futhi webele.

Imiphumela ekuziphatheni

Ukuziphatha ukukhiqizwa hormone GnRH nayo abathintekayo. Umndeni cichlid izinhlanzi izinhlanzi ekuboniseni ukubusa kwezenhlalo, babona ukulawulwa GnRH uketshezi, buyaqina lapho cichlids emphakathini ebucayi abe isiqondiso ukuncipha GnRH uketshezi. Usayizi izinzwa ukuthi secrete GnRH sincike ukuziphatha nethonya lomphakathi. abesilisa Okuningi babe ahlukene usayizi esikhulu secreting GnRH izinzwa ches abesilisa kancane angawodwa. nabesifazane Ngokuzalanisa futhi ube inani elincane izinzwa kunangesikhathi nabesifazane ukulawula iqembu. Ukhuluma ngokunqotshwa isiqondiso social GnRH hormone.

Agonists hormone gonadotropin-ukukhulula zichaziwe ngezansi.

izicelo Medical

Ukuze ekwelapheni abantu abagulayo ngaphambi kokuba ebekwe GnRH zemvelo njengoba gonadorelin hydrochloride (Faktrel) kanye gonadorelin diatsetattetragidrata (Tsistorelin). Ukuguqulwa GnRH dekapiptida isakhiwo kuye kwaholela ukudalwa esiyingqayizivele, inkanuko noma ucindezele gonadotropins isikhathi isigamu-nokuphila. Futhi lezi analogs zokwenziwa of hormone zemvelo salandelwa. Leuprorelin analog esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-endometriosis, webele kartsiomy, wendlala kartsiomy futhi ngemva kweminyaka engaba ngu ucwaningo 1980, e Umq. H. Komita olwenziwa Dr. Florence kusukela Yale University, ukuze kwelashwe ukuthomba kom, njengoba ukumnika okuqhubekayo.

Gonadotropin-ukukhulula ama-hormone: intengo

Izindleko yisilinganiso sesifundo esisodwa ibhodlela - ruble 300.

Animal Ukuziphatha ngokocansi

Umehluko nazo abangelwa izenzo zobulili ukuziphatha GnRH. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuboniswa sithuthukiswe zesifazane ukuziphatha kobulili kubangela ukwenyuka ezingeni GnRH. Ngo undlunkulu elimhlophe-crowned anda funa copulation emva ukwethulwa GnRH, nokukhulisa e ezincelisayo ukuboniswa yokuziphatha ngokocansi nabesifazane, okuyinto kungabonakala nasemkhakheni phezu elimhlophe-toothed Shrew eside tailed inkathi yalo esicashile yokwehla ngesikhathi ukuboniswa ngemuva besilisa ukunyakaza esiqondisweni sakhe nomsila. It sithuthukisa umsebenzi testosterone kwabesilisa kukhuphuke ngo GnRH ngaphezu kogu evamile yomsebenzi testosterone. umsebenzi Ukuwohloka GnRH kubangela aversive umphumela zomzimba yokuzalana nokuziphatha kwabakhulelwe. Uma siqhathanisa amagundane besifazane ngesikhathi uhlelo evamile GnRH, izinsikazi bakhathazeke kakhulu ngezifo yesizukulwane kunabo nge inombolo ukuncipha izinzwa ngo-30%. Cishe, lezi amagundane izohamba namazinyane azo eceleni, kuphumele eside uwathole.

izicelo Veterinary

Lapho kuphumeleleka khona i-hormone gonadotropin-ukukhulula? Izidakamizwa asetshenziswa wezilwane njengoba ikhambi lokwelapha fibrosis isifo wesibeletho izinkomo. A zokwenziwa Analogue yalo, deslorelin esetshenziswa ukulawula wezilwane imisebenzi zokuzala usebenzisa nolwelwesi kanye okuqhubekayo ukukhululwa ekwakhiweni.

Cabanga analogue hormone gonadotropin-lokukhululwa.

Agonists futhi abamelene hormone gonadotropin-ukukhulula

Endaweni ehlukile, iqembu izidakamizwa okwaba nomthelela indlela Ingabizwa kufanele ngokuthi i agonist hormone gonadotropin-lokukhululwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphumela leli qembu imishanguzo indlala pituitary kubangela umphumela liyefana yini umphumela we-hormone ayo. Abamele leli qembu kungenziwa ngokuthi "Sinarel", "Lyukrin Gonapeptil edepho." Lokhu agonist hormone gonadotropin-lokukhululwa. I ukwakhiwa zisetshenziswa ngaphambi nangemva ekwelapheni fibroids, i-endometriosis futhi ngaphambi surgically kokukhipha kwesibeletho (hysterectomy) ekwelapheni ukungabi nenzalo. izinto asebenzayo ngaphansi kwethonya esiswini juice ikhefu ngakhoke zonke izidakamizwa injected ngaphansi kwesikhumba noma zibe interanazolno kwemisipha.

By gonadotropin-ukukhulula ama-hormone abamelene kukhona "Tsetrotid" ( "Tsetroteriks"), "ganirelix" kanjalonjalo.