Umhlaba waba kanjani umuntu? Izigaba eziyinhloko nezici

Umhlaba waba kanjani umuntu? Kwakuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi inesikhathi eside. Ngisho namanje akukwazi ukusho ukuthi iplanethi yethu iye yahlolwa 100%. Kuze kube manje, kunemikhakha yemvelo ukuthi unyawo lomuntu aluhambanga.

Ufunda ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba yi-7 yesikole samabanga aphansi jikelele. Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu futhi lusiza ukuqonda kangcono umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwemiphakathi.

Umhlaba waba kanjani umuntu?

Isigaba sokuqala sokuhlala, lapho abantu besikhathi eside bipedal baqala ukufuduka kusukela eMpumalanga Afrika baya e-Eurasia futhi bahlakulele amazwe amasha, baqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili ezedlule futhi baphela eminyakeni engu-500 000 edlule. Kamuva, abantu basendulo bafa, futhi lapho kufika indoda enengqondo e-Afrika eminyakeni engu-200 000 eyedlule, isigaba sesibili saqala.

Ukulungiswa kwabantu okuyinhloko kwakubonwe emlonyeni wemifula emikhulu - iTigris, i-Indus, i-Ewufrathe, iNayile. Kwakukhona kulezizindawo lapho kuvela khona imiphakathi yokuqala, eyayibizwa ngokuthi imifula.

Okhokho bethu bakhetha izingosi ezinjalo ukuze baqede izindawo zokuhlala ezizoba izikhungo zombuso. Ukuphila kwabo kwakungaphansi kombuso ocacile wemvelo. Ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo imifula yayigcwele amanzi, bese kuthi lapho isomile, kwakukhona inhlabathi evundile enomswakama, efanelekile ukuhlwanyela.

Ukuhlala emazwenikazi

Iningi lezazi-mlando kanye nabavubukuli libhekisela ezweni lakubo labantu bokuqala lokuba yi- Afrika neSouth-West Eurasia. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isintu siye sabona cishe zonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Lapho i- Bering Strait manje isendaweni , eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingu-30 edlule kwakukhona izwe elixhuma i-Eurasia neNyakatho Melika. Kwakukuleli bhuloho abantu abangena kuzo izindawo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, abazingeli base-Eurasia, abadlulile eNyakatho Melika, bangena eningizimu. E-Australia, kwavela indoda evela eSouth-East Asia. Iziphetho ezinjalo ososayensi bangenza ngokweziphumo zokumba.

Izindawo eziyinhloko zokuhlala

Uma ucabangela umbuzo wokuthi ukuthuthukiswa komhlaba komuntu kwenzeka kanjani, kuyoba mnandi ukwazi ukuthi abantu bakhetha kanjani izindawo zokuhlala. Ngokuvamile zonke izindawo zokuhlala zashiya ekhoneni evamile futhi zaza ezingaziwa ngaphandle kokufuna izimo ezingcono. Amazwe asanda kuthuthukiswa avumela ukuthuthukiswa kwemfuyo kanye nokulima. Isibalo sezwe sakhula ngokushesha kakhulu . Uma eminyakeni engu-15 000 edlule kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-3,000,000 Emhlabeni, manje lesi sibalo sidlula amabhiliyoni ayisithupha. Abantu abaningi kakhulu bahlala emathafeni asendaweni. Kuzo kulula ukudiliza amasimu, ukwakha izimboni nezitshalo, ukuhlomisa izindawo ezihlala kuzo.

Emhlabeni wonke, ungabona izindawo ezine lapho abantu bahlala khona kakhulu. Lona eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eNingizimu naseMpumalanga Asia, empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika. Kukhona izizathu zalokhu: izici ezithandekayo zemvelo, isimiso sokukhokha nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Asia, inani labantu lisalokhu lihlwanyela futhi lisela umhlabathi. Isimo esivundile sikuvumela ukuba uqoqe izitshalo eziningana ngonyaka ukuze ukondle umndeni omkhulu.

ENtshonalanga Yurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ukuhlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni kunqoba. Lapha ingqalasizinda ithuthukiswe kakhulu, izitshalo eziningi zanamuhla nezakhiwa zakhiwa, imboni ikhona ngaphezu kwezolimo.

Izinhlobo zomsebenzi wezomnotho

Umsebenzi wezomnotho uthinta imvelo futhi uyishintsha. Futhi amagatsha ahlukene asithinta isimo ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ngakho-ke, ezolimo kwakuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokunciphisa izindawo zeplanethi, ezigcina izimo zemvelo. Ukuze amasimu namadlelo athole indawo eyengeziwe, kwakhiwa amahlathi, izilwane zalahlekelwa amakhaya abo. Ngenxa yomthwalo ohlala njalo, inhlabathi ilahlekelwa kancane izimfanelo zayo ezivundile. Ukunisela okufakelwayo kukuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno esihle, kodwa le ndlela nayo inezinkinga zayo. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu ukuchelela komhlaba kungaholela salinization yayo futhi wehla isivuno. Izilwane ezifuywayo zinyathelisa izimila futhi zihlanganiswe nesembozo somhlabathi. Ngokuvamile, esimweni sezulu esomile, amadlelo aphela.

Ikakhulukazi eyingozi emvelweni ukukhula okusheshayo kwembonini. Izinto eziqinile neziketshezi ziyangena emhlabathini nasemanzini, futhi izinto ezigesi zikhishwa emoyeni. Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemizi kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezintsha, lapho izimila zibhujiswa khona. Ukungcola kwemvelo kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yabantu.

Ukufundisa Umuntu Womhlaba: Amazwe Omhlaba

Abantu abahlala ensimini efanayo banolwazi olufanayo kanye nesiko elilodwa, benza ama-ethnos. Kungaba nesizwe, isizwe, abantu. Esikhathini esidlule amaqembu amakhulu adala yonke imiphakathi.

Njengamanje, kunamazwe angaphezu kuka-200 emhlabeni. Zonke zihlukile phakathi kwazo. Kunezifunda ezihlala ezweni lonke lase-Australia, kodwa kunezincane kakhulu ezihlanganisa idolobha elilodwa (iVatican City). Kunamazwe ahlukene ngokwezinga lesilinganiso. Kunezigidi zezigidi (iNdiya, i-China), kodwa kukhona nalabo abangabikho abayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa abahlala khona (iSan Marino).

Ngakho-ke, sicabangela umbuzo wokuthi umhlaba ufunde kanjani umuntu, singaphetha ngokuthi le nqubo ingakapheli futhi kufanele sifunde izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ngeplanethi yethu.