Ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane

Umehluko phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane akuyona qualitative ambalwa. Okungukuthi, lubonakaliswa ukuthi izici abuse ezithile kwesakhiwo eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukhulume izitshalo wazo ongavamile eyinqaba nezilwane.

ekwakhekeni nasekumeni komzimba

Isakhiwo umzimba ukufana ebuka futhi umehluko phakathi kwezilwane nezitshalo. Benzani aqukethe? Kukhona ukufana amaseli zezitshalo nezilwane. izitshalo Lower nezilwane akhiwa amangqamuzana elula. Nokho, ngokuvamile basuke ephathekayo. Lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini nezitshalo nezilwane amaseli zidinga ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe. Sinikeza ukuya shí kulo mbuzo.

iseli isakhiwo

Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona ukufana phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili kuwumphumela umsuka ezivamile zokuphila. Bobabili izilwane nezitshalo amaseli abe nezici ezilandelayo: bahlalaphi, yabelana, khula them in exchange of izinto. Ngo emangqamuzaneni zombili izinto eziphilayo ube cytoplasm, i-nucleus, mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, Golgi apharathasi, ribosomes.

Njengoba for umehluko, ukuthi zibangelwa ngezindlela ezahlukene zentuthuko, umehluko kokudla, kanye ukuvela kungenzeka izilwane ezihambayo bebodwa, njengoba kuqhathaniswa simila. Lesi sakamuva abe udonga cell, it siqukethe cellulose. Ezilwaneni, it is hhayi waphawula. iseli odongeni umsebenzi siwukuthi isenza rigidity ezengeziwe izitshalo futhi livikela lezi izinto eziphilayo ukusuka ukulahleka okukhulu kwamanzi. Izilwane abanalo vacuoles, futhi izitshalo kuba. Chloroplast kukhona kuphela kusukela abamele umbuso isitshalo. Basuke kwakhiwa kusuka izidakamizwa wezinto eziphilayo, lapho amandla amuncwa umzimba. Izilwane wapha ukulungele izinto eziphilayo. Bawathola ukudla.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezilwane nezitshalo

Ezilwaneni ezinamangqamuzana amaningi kukhona isici esibalulekile. Siqukethe e yokuthi isidumbu la magciwane unikezwe sebuningini izimbotshana. Abakwazi kubhekwe ngenxa yokuthi izembozo abangu screwed emzimbeni besikhumba saleso silwane. Lezi izimbotshana anesizotha obakheka ngale ndlela. Ngezinye izikhathi zibangelwa wokuqhekeka nezicubu yakha umzimba isilwane. Ukuthuthukiswa sesilwane, ngaleyo ndlela zingancishiswa uchungechunge emphethweni futhi amajika ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ngokuphathelene izitshalo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi, ngalo mqondo, abanakho izimbotshana. Uma banayo izitsha, basuke kwakhiwa ngumuntu perforation naweselula Fusion chungechunge. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa isitshalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akhiwa kuzo obukhulu projection ihlumela. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi kukhona izinto ezihlobene ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, ezifana izimpande, amaqabunga kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. D.

ukuhamba

Lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini izilwane kanye nezitshalo nazo nasemkhakheni ukuhamba. Izilwane ukuhamba ngaphezulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaseli wabo lingama elingenalutho.

Ngo izitshalo umzimba, njengoba sishilo, Ayefaka igobolondo obukhulu. It yakhiwa cellulose (cellulose). Ukucasuka futhi ukuhamba akuzona izakhiwo ezehlukile izilwane. Nokho, lezi zici ziye namanje ukufinyelela ukuthuthukiswa ngaphezulu. Nokho, ukuhamba akuyona kuphela unicellular, kodwa izitshalo amaningi. Phakathi izitshalo owumphumela nezilwane, noma izigaba embryonic ka ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ukufana waphawula ngisho lokho basebenzisa izindlela ukunyakaza ngokukhululekile. Futhi labo nabanye eyinqaba kulabo abenza izinqubo engazinzile, ngaphandle kwalokho okuthiwa pseudopodia. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi ukunyakaza amoeboid. Ukufana zezitshalo nezilwane wukuthi bobabili zingasuswa usebenzisa amahhanisi.

Bangaphinde ukukwenza ngosizo ukudedelwa izinto emzimbeni. Lezi uketshezi ukuvumela umzimba ukuhambisa endaweni efanele, okuphambene esiqondisweni outflow ka ndaba. Le mpahla kufanele, ikakhulukazi, futhi diatoms gregarines. Ezinamangqamuzana amaningi izitshalo ephakeme amaqabunga eshintsha khona ekukhanyeni ngendlela ethile. Ezinye zazo wawabeka phezu ebusuku. Kulokhu, singakhuluma mayelana izenzakalo of ubuthongo okuthiwa izitshalo. Ezinye izinhlobo bakghone ukuphendula nokuhamba touch, ukuxukuzeka nezinye esicasulayo.

Very interesting ukufana zezitshalo nezilwane. Nokho, abaningi abanye ngokulinganayo ezithakazelisayo. Sikunikeza ukuba sifunde ngazo.

Ukwehlukanisa izicubu nemisipha futhi sezinzwa

ukufana Landelayo futhi umehluko zezilwane nezitshalo ezihambisana kwemisipha nezicubu sezinzwa. UCharles Darwin wabonisa ukuthi izihloko zezingongolo izimpande futhi neziqu zezitshalo wenze ukunyakaza ukujikeleza. Nokho, kuphela izilwane ezinamangqamuzana amaningi ngokwahlukana ikhona njengenkampani ehlukile Indwangu contractile imisipha kokwenza umsebenzi engaphathekile kanye kwemihlambi ekhethekile izinzwa, asebenza njengama-I-Bebona ezishukumisa ahlukahlukene. Kodwa phakathi metazoans kukhona izinhlobo akudingeki kwemizwa abahlukene futhi imisipha izicubu, kanye izinzwa. Lokhu, isibonelo, ezinye izipanji.

Indlela isitshalo umsoco

Ukudla futhi ukufana kanye umehluko phakathi kwezilwane nezitshalo. Nokho, kukhona iqiniso ngisho nakakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi umehluko oyinhloko izitshalo nezilwane kuyehla kube uhlobo sabo sokudla. yakheke Izitshalo usebenzisa i-chlorophyll (sombala oluhlaza) kusuka izinto eziphilayo nomoya-mpilo, kanti i-hydrogen, ezitholakala emanzini futhi emoyeni. Lokhu kudala i-cellulose, isitashi kanye nezinye izinto okuyinto zingenalo nitrogen. Futhi by anamathisela nitrogen eficwe inhlabathi ngesimo nitrogen nosawoti, lesi sitshalo wakha futhi amaprotheni izinto. Ngakho, la magciwane bayakwazi ukuthola ukudla kwenye indawo. Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela ukuphila isitshalo ayikwazi ukudlala indima enkulu kangaka izilwane.

Indlela isilwane umsoco

La magciwane angaba khona kuphela ngezithukuthuku organic compounds ekhona ifomu isiqedile. Bawathola noma izitshalo, noma kwezinye izilwane, okungukuthi, ekugcineni ezitshalweni.

Isilwane kufanele bakwazi ukuzondla. Kuyinto kusukela ukuqhutshwa ukuhamba kwaso okukhulu. Lesi sitshalo yakha kwakwakhe organic, isilwane ibulala kubo. Ushisa zezakhi emzimbeni wakho. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo kukhona imikhiqizo ovelele yokubhidlika umchamo ne-carbon dioxide. Animal Ubude okukhishwe ezakhini emkhathini emuva emkhathini carbonic acid. Uma ukuphila kwakhe sikhipha nitrogen ngokusebenzisa umchamo, futhi ngemva kokufa njengomhlatshelo - ngesikhathi noqhekeko. Lesi sitshalo kuthatha emkhathini carbonic acid. Ama-bacterium nitrogen wenziwa yokudlulisa i-nitrogen ibe inhlabathi. Kulo ephinde sokudliwa izitshalo.

umkhuba ukuphefumula

Lokufanako nalokwehlukile emkhatsini izilwane nezitshalo futhi zisebenza ukuphefumula. Ngalokho kuhambisana ukukhululwa kwe-carbon dioxide futhi ukumuncwa oksijini, kungashiwo ukuthi ngokulinganayo isici kokubili ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni. Nokho, esikhathini esidlule, le nqubo ithatha okuningi lisebenza.

Ngo izitshalo ezifana ukuphefumula lubonakale kuphela uma inqubo supply obuhlukile inqubo, is hhayi lwenziwa. Ukudla - lokhu ukumuncwa kwe-carbon dioxide, lapho isimo-mpilo ukhiphe. Ngeke kwenziwe, isibonelo, phakathi ukuhluma kwezinhlobo imbewu noma ebumnyameni.

Ngenxa inqubo amandla omlilo senzeka ngamandla izilwane, futhi lokhu kuphakamisa izinga lokushisa lapho obonakalayo futhi kunamandla ezitshalweni. Ngakho, emishinini yokuphefumula ezitshalweni isesekhona, Nokho, indima eyinhloko lezi izinto nokusakazwa eziphilayo kuyinto okumunca isikhutha, ekhipha umoya-mpilo kanye nitrogen ukusetshenziswa emkhathini (usebenzisa amagciwane). Ezilwaneni, indima reverse. Bakha-carbon dioxide emkhathini, kanye nitrogen (futhi ingxenye amagciwane - by elibi) futhi athole umoya-mpilo.

Ukudla: kilomlayo

Ngokuvamile kukhona ukufana zezitshalo nezilwane ngendlela ababenalo ukudla. Ngokwesibonelo, musa mangqamuzana ane-chlorophyll amakhowe asetshenziswa njengokudla engokwemvelo ngomumo. Ezinye flagellates namagciwane bangakha izinto eziphuma ezintweni eziphilayo, ngaleyo ndlela abanalo chlorophyll. Kunamaphuzu amaningana Izitshalo ezidla bakwazi ukuba abambe futhi inqubo izicubu isilwane. livela Ngakho ukufana zezitshalo nezilwane. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-flagellate, okuyinto mangqamuzana ane-chlorophyll, likhiqize okusanhlamvu ukukhanya, ne izakhiwo ezifanayo ube isitashi. Ngakho zidla ngendlela efanayo njengoba izitshalo. A amnyama saprophytic amandla abo kwenzeka, isb lithwalwa lonke ebusweni umzimba ngenxa izinto ezibolayo.

UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki amakhemikhali ukwakheka lwezinto

Ukufana zezitshalo nezilwane ebonwe ukwakheka amakhemikhali izakhi zazo imizimba yabo yakhiwe. Nokho, i-chlorophyll Active, kuyinto eyinqaba kuphela izitshalo. Kwezinye izimo, lingatholakala emzimbeni kwezilwane ephakeme. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi elawo, kanye ulwelwe. Ezinye zazo siphile symbiotically emzimbeni kwezilwane. Sesiyazi ukuthi izitshalo abaningi bantula chlorophyll. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Euglena, elithatha chlorophyll asebenzayo nezinye izinhlobo efana ke, yiba cishe ilungelo esifanayo liyombozwa kwezilwane, kanye simila. Kuze kube manje, ngiye ngabona ukufana ne-chlorophyll eluhlaza sombala ekhona kwamaphiko Orthoptera izinambuzane. Lokhu lesi sakhi, noma kunjalo, akusebenzi kuzo njengoba i-chlorophyll.

izinto ezihlobene

Ukufana zezitshalo nezilwane kubonakala izinto ezifanayo samanje emizimbeni yabo. Ngoba kuqala libhekene khona fibre. Kodwa, igobolondo le Ngembathisa umzimba eziningi izilwane zasemanzini, liphethe tunitsina. Lokhu kwaziswa kufana fibre. Ukuze izitshalo, njengoba ayaziwa nobuntu ketshezi njengoba isitashi. Nokho-ke linendima ebalulekile ngokulinganayo emphilweni izilwane isomer yalo (glycogen). Futhi slime isikhunta, isikhunta noma lwamafinyila, esikhundleni isitashi uye glycogen nje.

isiphetho

Konke okungenhla kuholela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi umehluko phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane ziziphilela isihlobo. It lingahunyushwa baphetha, nokuthi bobabili Umsuka yabo kusukela emithonjeni ezinye ezivamile, okungukuthi, kulezi zinhlobo ukuthi kungenziwa ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi ukubonakaliswa izitshalo nezilwane. Lezi Amafomu ngokwengxenye walondoloza emhlabeni.