Ezakhiwe Famous nezakhiwo zasendulo. endulo

Kukholakala ukuthi izwe lasendulo - iqoqo impucuko okukhona emhlabeni kusukela ezikhathini komlando kuya ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Ozimele ngesimo kakhulu - ngokuba emazweni aseMpumalanga bangabanikazi, ngoba Melika - yethu (ikoloni ekuseni zaleli zwekazi elandelwa abantu baseYurophu).

ifa emangalisayo

Kulesi sikhathi, kwakunabamemezeli emiphakathi eminingi nesiko labo. Siye ngasinda ezakhiwe ezidumile izakhiwo zasendulo. Ababona elincane ngakho, kodwa izinto ezikhanya kukhona ziyifa yesikhathi esidlule ezifana "City esibhakabhakeni" noma Machu Picchu ePeru, Temple of Jupiter Baalbek ekhatsi Lebanon, imibhoshongo abadumile bekhabo Giza, Cairo likaPondo. Uhlu lufaka zakudala imisele yamanzi nezindawo eziyisikhumbuzo okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma ukuthi kwavela ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD ifasitela ezicwebezelisiwe Alexandria, izinsalela zamathempeli ngesiGreki, Dzhervansky kunomsele e-Iraq, Dome ukhonkolo amathempeli wamaRoma.

Vala impucuko yethu

Kuwo wonke amazwekazi, qiniseka zikhona izinto lasendulo. Kodwa abantu eYurophu (ngomqondo ezindawo ka izwi) Izwe lasendulo ixhunyiwe ngokuyinhloko IGrisi NeRoma, umGibhithe Cleopatra njengoba ebathandayo futhi Yuliy Tsezar futhi Antony. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baba nezinye bamaRoma ngiphuphe ukugqilaza Egypt. izincwadi Russian nezobuciko kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu XX axhunyiwe ne izinganekwane of IGrisi NeRoma. A impucuko Mediterranean kubhekwa sombuso isintu. Ngakho-ke, cabanga ezakhiwe abadumile ngaphezulu nezakhiwo zasendulo kufanele ziqalise IGrisi NeRoma.

Acropolis - iparele izakhiwo emhlabeni

Greece has a lot of ezikhumbuzo namanje ezikhathini komlando futhi emanxiweni yamaGreki asendulo ezigodlo namathuna izakhiwo zenkolo oluneziqhingi lonke lelo zwe. Babale nzima, kodwa kukhona izinto ezibhekwa izimpawu zezwe lasendulo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo kukhona Acropolis, elise ezwekazini e-Athens. Kuyinto castle yokuqala, emi egqumeni, okuyinto ifinyelela ukuphakama 156 metres ubude, ke ilingana ububanzi amamitha 300 ubude - 170. Kuyinto kahle ebiyelweyo edolobheni engenhla, esibheke olungavikelekile aphansi. Acropolis yayiyindawo ukuthi kwaku ama-altare, ama-abashisekeli the edolobheni, ke abantu abakwazanga ukufihla lwalusetshenziswa ngezikhathi zempi. Ngokubabazekayo Acropolis kuyinto World Heritage Site. Indaba yakhe ibilokhu wafunda kahle.

Parthenon - Acropolis evelele

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kanye eziqoshiwe kusukela Acropolis ezisebusweni iminyuziyamu eminingi emhlabeni wonke. Kuyinto into 21, ebaluleke kunayoyonke sazo Parthenon - ikhadi yaseGrisi hhayi kuphela, kodwa lonke izwe lasendulo.

Afakwe uhlu "lamathempeli amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni", yayakhiwe phezu izisekelo zethempeli lasendulo e-V leminyaka BC abaklami Callicrates Iktinos. Ebusa phezu kwawo wonke sezwe. Kuyinto enhle, isakhiwo obunobunye ngokucebile izici esiyingqayizivele. Kodwa mayelana nemininingwane yonke kancane inqwaba lakhe elilotshiwe izincwadi. Into kuphela ongayenza kuqashelwe - kuba konke azungezwe lizungezwe namakholomu (iforomo elibizwa periptera). Lokhu yikho okwenza ethempelini kwabaphoqelela enhle.

Athens - obuyigugu bokwakha lasendulo

izikhungo Umphumela ensimini ngezikhwepha yaseGrisi yasendulo, isikhungo engcwele Athene yasendulo, i-Acropolis amathempeli ethulwa ezifana Erechtheion, elalinikezelwe edume yinkosi Athene Erechtheus, Areyophagu (igunya), ithempeli Athena Nike. Kuyo yonke le nhloko-dolobha yiwona amanxiwa amathempeli kanye nabanye abaningi, njengoba konke Greece - evulekile air Museum of isiko lasendulo. Kuyinto Nethempeli Olympian uZeyusi, Nike Aptera, Hephaestus, Nethempeli Apollo at Delphi, Poseidon eCape Sounion, Hera e yePeloponnese nhlonhlo, Demeter e Eleusis. Kuyinto ezakhiwe edume kakhulu futhi izakhiwo zasendulo, wadala eGreece.

Priority izindawo zokukhulekela

UMbhoshongo Winds 12 amamitha eliphezulu ububanzi base - - Ngezinye inkathi kamuva e-Athens, kwelinye lamahhovisi lokuqala Meteorological ezakhiwa 8 m Amapharamitha yalezi iminyuziyamu lasendulo iphelele, zingabantu ngesisekelo wonke izakhiwo kanye abaklami wafunda emhlabeni wonke..

Kuzo zonke izinto ngenhla endala kuphela Areyophagu kuyinto isakhiwo zokuphatha, bonke abanye - kungcono izindawo zokukhulekela. Kuyinto engcwele elikhulu Olympia, esemgwaqweni yePeloponnese. It wabusa ihlelo likaZeyusi.

Ikhaya IKhadi Lebhizinisi eRoma

Omkhulu eMbusweni WaseRoma - omdala impucuko Mediterranean, ivela eGrisi lasendulo. Ngokusho yetinsita inzalo ngqo ka-Eneya, hero of the iThrojani neMpi, abafowethu kukaRomulus futhi Remus, igqugquzelwa impisi, eyasungulwa eRoma futhi umbuso omkhulu kunayo yonke okwanika emhlabeni isiko enkulu.

Buildings lasendulo kulesi sihloko kungabesifazane 10 enkulu amaphethini yezakhiwo ngawo ajwayelekile ezakhamuzini eziningi zomhlaba, ngisho kude yokufunda. Ngubani akazi kweColosseum - uphawu main waseRoma? Isigamu-zonakale udonga lwangaphandle ezungeze ezintathu-tiered enkundleni okweqanda. Ezikhathini zasendulo, inani eliphelele nemengamo ebodeni - 240, 80 babo ise uqimba aphansi. Amakhothamo angu zesitezi sokuqala nesesibili babe ukubaza - imisebenzi eenkhulwini engcono waseRoma.

Acacile kakhulu futhi isici

I-Appian Way zaziwazi eziningi ngenxa nokushabalala edabukisayo Abangane of uSpartacus bukhoma eboshelwe izingongolo esemgwaqweni ke, bayazi esikoleni. Futhi isibhamu yokugcina sehlelo ifilimu American wathinta filmgoers emhlabeni wonke.

ezakhiwe Famous nezakhiwo zasendulo, elise-dolobha lasendulo, okufanelekelayo ukuba uMbusi ongumRoma Forum, okuyinto vele ngesikhathi sokubusa Tarkvikiya Proud elaba isikhungo ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, kwamasiko nenkolo ka ngaphansi koMbuso WaseRoma. Nazi Nethempeli Vesta, uVespasian Saturn. Nge ngamunye wabo exhumene Amakhasi Inhlekelele noma ujabule okuningi komlando wasendulo. Ngu ekuqaleni II AD leminyaka siyasebenza kahle walondoloza Ikholomu kaTrajan. 185 degrees ahlelwe ngaphakathi endaweni wokubuka zitholakala, sise ukuphakama imizuzu 38. UMbazi Apollodorus IDamaseku liphelelwe esakhiwe ke ngonyaka 114. Limele uzowanqoba namaDacia.

Uhlu olulandelayo

Abahlukile Roman onkulunkulu - Nethempeli bonke onkulunkulu. Eyakhelwe 126 AD, lapho olubaluleke phezu Piazza della Rotonda.

Bekubukeka sengathi izakhiwo ezidumile izakhiwo zasendulo, ungabona ngokubheka zemabula ungena iKhothamo LikaTitus. Kuyinto isakhiwo endala elakhiwa ngo-81 ubudala, yokudumisa kweJerusalema. Emikhulu lwaleli phezu Via Sacra. Span Single, it has a ukuphakama 15.4 m, ububanzi kufika ku 13.5 m, indiza ka-5 amamitha ukujula, ububanzi - 5,33 amamitha. Emasangweni enjalo kwakungatholakala ukushayela noma iyiphi inqola, kuhlanganise Quadriga. Ilondolozwe Kahle bas-imifanekiso esibonisa noThithu Trophies. Ithempeli lamaJuda elalingaphansi libhujiswa ukuba phansi, futhi abawinile waya shrine wakhe oyinhloko - emincane. Konke lokhu kungabonwa phezu esiqoshiwe sase-.

Famous alawo machibi aseRoma namathempeli esiyingqayizivele

Izindlu zangasese ka Caracalla uqhubeke uhlu yobuciko bokwakha wamaRoma. Uvela igama? Caracalla - isidlaliso Aurelius, owaphila AD III ekhulwini. okugeza saseRoma - kuyinto emhlabeni ekhethekile, lapho elite umphakathi ujabula, wahlanganyela kwezemidlalo, wabahola mpikiswano bokusungula, ukuphetha izivumelwano. Entourage umdlalo izindonga ifonti langempela wenza yayivela ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene engcono zemabula, yonke indawo kwakukhona izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kuhlanganise kwesithombe Apollona Belvederskogo.

indawo Seventh ohlwini "Izinhlaka lasendulo yezakhiwo" kuthatha indlela yokwakheka ezimbili emathempelini ezahlukene ukucushwa - elingunxande futhi round. Lezi amathempeli ezakhiwa behlonipha Portunus (izimbobo abavikela) nelithi Hercules. Basuke isendaweni ibhange kwesokunxele Tiber, nasendaweni lapho isetshenziswa Moor imikhumbi.

Mausoleum futhi catacombs

Ngaphansi inombolo lwesishiyagalombili Field Mars - ingxenye yesinxele-yasebhange waseRoma. Ngemva kwakhe livela Mausoleum ka uHadrian - lesikhumbuzo lathumela, ethuneni asebukhosini. On a sikwele ohlangothini elilingana amamitha 84, esisekelweni ukukhwezwa isilinda ububanzi 64 metres uphinde uthele kancane isipikili uMbusi esifanekisweni ngomfanekiso Sun, a quadriga lokulawula (ithimba 4 amahhashi). Ngu aphoyintimenti kuba isakhiwo omkhulu asisetshenzisiwe, sekuyinto into zamasu.

I lokugcina kuhlu we yobuciko ezibaluleke kakhulu yezakhiwo okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma kukhona catacombs abadumile. Lokhu izakhiwo inethiwekhi (bangu-60) axhumene futhi enikeziwe ukwenze ngenjongo yokungilungiselela ukungcwatshwa (mayelana 750,000 ngcwaba), ubude ingqikithi 170 km. Iningi lazo egobhoza i-Appian Way.

yobuciko aseMpumalanga

Isikhova i-great izakhiwo yezakhiwo zomhlaba uyakufanelekela ingesinye lesikhumbuzo ezinkulu. Lokhu iGreat Wall yaseChina, lapho ubude kusukela onqenqemeni kuya onqenqemeni elilingana 21196 amakhilomitha. Yamisa yesihlanu (eyodwa nje wezigidi) sabantu kuleli BC III ekhulwini, it is ngokucacile fixed imingcele isimo futhi wenza China ungenakunqotshwa. Kuyinto isikhumbuzo eliyingqayizivele zasendulo. A pagodas futhi Buddhist zezindela of India? Kuyinto futhi izikhumbuzo zangesikhathi esidlule.

Eyokuqala Russian amagugu yezakhiwo

Konke okungenhla, kanye izakhiwo ERussia yasendulo, libhekisela ifa elikhulu emhlabeni. impucuko yethu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye kuphela usemncane. Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke ezweni lethu ubhekwa izakhiwo Novgorod, Pskov, futhi Kiev, okuyinto nge 989 ngonyaka 996 Okweshumi esakhiwe isonto, libhujiswa Batu.

Iminonjana lasendulo ngezindinganiso zethu lesikhumbuzo ezakhiwo Kievan Rus 'iyona isimo Cathedral Chernigov, kahle walondoloza futhi manje bese St Sophia Cathedral Kiev. At inhliziyo ngowokuqala cross-Dome izakhiwo njalo ubeke isiphambano, kodwa washada Dome ethempelini. La masonto yinhlobo eyinhloko izakhiwo zenkolo zasendulo Russia.

amakhosi WaseByzantium nenzalo yabo

Amathempeli itshe lokuqala elakhiwa isivakashi eenkhulwini WaseByzantium. izakhiwo zenkolo Russian asiphindi izakhiwo zifa WaseByzantium. Amabandla ethu elinesimo ubuntu elikhanyayo. Yaroslav Mudry, futhi imatasa isakhiwo esikhulu. Wayekhathazekile ngendlela yokuthi zwe elikhulukazi usanda bamukela inkolo entsha, ngangifuna ukusungula ukwakhiwa walo omkhulu ethempelini. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke, abangenalo analogue ku isikhathi noma kuphi, ngisho woMbuso WaseByzantium, waba 5-nefny 13-oluyingungu St Sophia Cathedral Kiev, eyafakwa 1017.

ukunqoba zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni

It kwalandelwa Sofia amasonto ababhishobhi Novgorod (1045-1050) kanye Polotsk (1060). Babuye kubhekwe ukuba 5-nefnymi, nakuba amasonto amaningi Russian - 3 nefnye. Dome zigcinwe izinsika yangaphakathi - kungakho igama layo liyi: 4-, 6- ngisho 8-stolpnyj.

Ngokukhethekile abamenyiwe amaGreki kwaba kule minyaka 1073-1079 Yakhiwa kweNyuka Cathedral of the eKiev-Pechersk Lavra. Leli thempeli, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Church Omkhulu", isibe imodeli ukuze kwakhiwe yonke yezwe izakhiwo Orthodox. Okunjalo izakhiwo yisakhiwo sodumo njengoba Vydubychi Monastery ekhatsi Kiev (1070-1081), uMsindisi ku birch namagxolo (1113-1125), eyakho uhlobo olusha amasonto, njengoba bonke isandiso (nartesk) nge izitebhisi. Esikhathini kakhulu lasendulo amathempeli kompheme wayengekho.

Kusukela kowezi ukwakhiwa efakwe Yaroslav Ohlakaniphile, zonke izikhulu omkhulu zihlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ezisemadolobheni. Ngaphezu esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, uzalo wahlala yobuciko kwezobuciko nezincwadi. "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ngonyaka 852.