Cosmonaut Komarova Vladimira Mihaylovicha ukufa. "Soyuz-1"

Mayelana ukwehluleka emkhathini izindiza e kwamaSoviet esisho ukuthi anikwamukelanga, ngisho ukufihla amaqiniso amaningi. UVladimir Komarov wabulawa, lokhu Hero kweSoviet Union, le-astronaut, izwe wafunda ngokushesha. Isikhala lapho besanda kuqala yentuthuko bekulokhu cishe engaqondakali, futhi imikhumbi unawo amaphutha amaningi, amaphutha abaklami.

Ukuzidela ngenxa ka ukuhlola umkhathi ngo nenkathi yamaSoviet

Amagama namaqhawe eziningi zezinkanyezi zaziwa kubo bonke, kodwa kungakanani Basebaningi abangamazi ubani abantu, ogama umsebenzi kwaba isikhala futhi okuphila yelashwa nje emkhathini.

Ukufa Cosmonaut Komarov wayengomunye emihlatshelo incommensurable for Bebona isikhala elingapheli. Naye, njengamanye amakhosi eziningi ezinkulu, wanika udaba lwakhe we nangale, wazinikela cwaninga nokuthola izimpendulo zemibuzo ngokuthi sekuyisikhathi eside abantu babuza.

Amacala kuqala ebulalayo

Njengoba uVladimir Komarov biography okuyinto kudingeka siyinake ngokukhethekile, washona ngo izimo ezifanayo Valentin Bondarenko spaceflight. Ukufa kwakhe yisihloko sokuqala ekuthuthukiseni izikhala evulekile: i-astronaut ashiswe ephila 1961, ngesikhathi ekamelweni ngabodwa at sikhungo yesayensi ngesikhathi umsebenzi ukuqeqeshwa. The hero yayilungiselela babe usomkhathi, uya ukufunda. Laduma ladlula naye. Lapho unhitching izinzwa yezokwelapha emzimbeni, waqeda umzimba ukotini yakhe swab wasigcobhoza utshwala, oqubuke, ukushaya elilandelayo ukuma heater. Ikhamera, ngaphansi anomoya-mpilo, elikhanyayo, umlilo sandile isikhala okuvalelwe ngokushesha. The amalangabi lasakazekela izingubo, okuyinto ngokushesha kwaqubuka. Astronaut, wavula umnyango ngesikhathi, wathola bashaqeka futhi burns aluhambisani nawo ekuphileni, wafa ngaso leso sikhathi.

Leli cala waba ngowokuqala esidlangalaleni futhi awuzange eyomphakathi nguHulumende eSoviet Union. Kodwa kwaba isifundo iziphathimandla kanye isizathu sokungalisebenzisi ukuklama mkhathi ezindaweni ayegcwele umoya-mpilo.

Kamuva, ngendlela efanayo futhi ngaphansi kwezimo okufanayo kwabulala omunye zezinkanyezi ezintathu kusukela Melika, futhi uma hhayi ekusithekeni lomcimbi lokuqala nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu emlandweni Astronautics le ngozi besingagwemeka.

Mayelana astronaut, zishe uyaphila kanti lokubikezela

"Soyuz-1", uzobuya emhlabeni 23 Apreli 1967 iphahlazeka ngenxa yokuhluleka kohlelo parachute. Kokufa Cosmonaut Komarov phakathi novivinyo umkhumbi wawususukile elinye igalelo ukuze izwe Soviet lonke. Yiqiniso, ukuqalisa lokuqala awazange ngokugcwele kucatshangwe kahle futhi kwenza ucwaningo. Imodi unmanned kuyingozi futhi ngalokho kwaba khona ukuhluleka. Ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke lokhu, Novemba 28, 1966, kwendiza kusukela orbit wenza ngowokuqala okuzenzakalelayo "Soyuz-1" futhi "Cosmos-133", njengoba kwabikwa ku tass. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ngo-December konyaka esifanayo, wahileleka engozini ngenxa ukubhujiswa pad qalisa, "Soyuz-2".

A isizinda encane le nhlekelele nge Komarov

Kodwa uhulumeni wamaSoviet wafuna impumelelo ezintsha emkhathini, futhi ishesha, kwanqunywa ukuba ulungiselele rocket ukuqalisa ngu-May 1, nakuba izinkinga waba fanele ngokwanele. Njengoba yayazi inani izinkinga, isazi sezinkanyezi, eklanyelwe zishayeka isikhala, ezizwa engaphilile, kukhuphuke blood pressure, futhi wathatha embhedeni wakhe. Wabelwa nolunye uvivinyo, uVladimir Mihaylovich Komarov, abashayeli abanolwazi futhi abaqeqeshiwe, owayekade orbit njengoba ibhekhaphu nge Yuriem Gagarinym ngo-Ephreli 1966.

Kanjani ukuthi kwenzekeni empeleni?

Ngemva kokudedelwa umkhumbi ku-orbit ngenxa yezinkinga Komarov kwanqunywa ukuba ngokushesha enze cababa, kodwa kwakunzima ukuba ugweme inhlekelele. Leli qiniso labonakala waphinda kufihlwe. I-encyclopedia ithi indiza waphumelela, futhi uhlelo uyabulawa. empeleni Inguqulo kwadingeka ambalwa. Omunye wabo - lo ukunganaki of isifaki, okuyinto Drilling imbobo esibukweni, ngoba akakwazanga ukuya kwesokudla iyunithi, ke kukora ngenxa ye kuhlinzwa disc. Kobuningi elicibilikile ukushaya obukhulu ungqimba asemkhathini ngesikhathi Uzalo emkhunjini, futhi emoyeni bangena egumbini ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Kubangela ingcindezi kwaholela kokucindezelwa we isitsha parachute baphume, iveze nokuthi kuhlulekile. Kube nenhlekelele omusha.

imizuzu Kugcine ngaphambi kokufa hero-astronaut

ukufa-astronaut Komarov kwakungu cishe akunakugwenywa. Wakwazi ukukhulula parachute reserve, kodwa waba ngokushesha acime ngenxa Ungowokuqala okuxhunyanwa naye nge emigqeni. Cishe ukuze usinde cishe lapho, futhi yonke ukunganaki isifaki sika, abanganaki otnesshiysya umsebenzi wabo.

Phakathi Uzalo umshini hit phansi futhi umshayeli Komarov wafa.

Khumbula njalo: ubani okufanele asolwe ngalokho okwenzekile?

Isibopho uhlelo parachute eSoviet Union kwaba ku Minaviaproma. Inguqulo ka okwenzeka kwakungelona Ezwa zihluke kakhulu: ukuthi ingilazi amboze parachutes ngaphakathi wadutshulwa washona, ukushaya Uzalo emkhathini rarefied ngaphandle komkhumbi. Ngenxa abukhali ingcindezi iconsi ingilazi zikhubazekile, futhi ngoba lafakwa kwenkululeko kudivayisi ke babancwebe the-parachute main. Phakathi Uzalo at sekulinganisa umshini high speed waqala futhi nabo emhlabathini iphahlazeka.

Indawo lapho kuphahlazeka iphutha libizwa Adamovsky District Orenburg esifundeni. Edolobhaneni Karabutak kusukela efakwe complex esiyisikhumbuzo yesikhumbuzo, okuyinto eza njalo ngonyaka ngomhla ka-Ephreli 23 ukuze bakhumbule iqhawe liwile. Ngo asemaqeleni ngaphansi Orsk uqala ukuvela Obelisk wokuqala ngo-June 11, 1967. ukufakwa kwalo kwakuhlelwa nozakwethu we-astronaut oshonile.

Umlando lifundisa lutho, noma kanjani ukuba ukuphinda amaphutha

Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, ngo-June 1971, kwaba khona omunye nhlekelele emkhathini - ekushoneni kwabafundi izinhlamvu ezintathu: Victor Patsaeva, Vladislav volkov futhi Georgy Dobrovolsky, lapho yehla yeza emhlabeni nge sasemkhathini "Soyuz-1". Khona-ke isifo isigubhukane ka "Soyuz-1" mkhathi. I osomkhathi babe ukuma-ins, ofike ngendiza esikhundleni crew eyinhloko Valery Kubasov, Petrom Kolodinym futhi Alekseem Leonovym. Imbangela yokufa - izifiso zethu ezintsha osopolitiki Soviet.

Begqugquzelwa amaMelika ofike ngendiza nenyanga ku imoto 3 enezihlalo, iziphathimandla sinqume ukuthi izidingo zethu abantu abathathu nje ukundiza. Uma ezimbili landizela emkhathini amasudi, le nhlekelele ngabe akwenzekanga. 3 suit awulona iyahambisana zonke izimo zindiza, akaphenduli ngobukhulu futhi ubukhulu gumbi. I osomkhathi landizela e amatreksudi, okuyinto sebekubeke musa kwakungenakwenzeka.

Ngokwesibonelo Gagarin, futhi yakhiwa abantu abathathu ngo-1964 "kwelanga" landizela Boris Yegorov, futhi Konstantin Feoktistov, uVladimir Komarov. Njengoba iklanyelwe i-oyedwa gumbi, yebo, ngokuba ezintathu kwaba ngendlela emangalisayo enyinyekile, kanye osomkhathi ungathanda ukungatholi ezindiza emkhathini amasudi, futhi jumpsuits, wasusa kuphela esihlalweni ejection ngandlela-thile ukwandisa isikhala. ukwephulwa okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izimo lapho endiza. Bakhandwa siqala ukuphila kwawo engozini. On ithuba elikhulu ukuthi indiza yaphela ngempumelelo. Kodwa ngenxa kokunikezwa kwe-imithetho, futhi ngoba isimo sengqondo sokungakunaki ngakho kule mibandela phambi nhlekelele kwi emnyango.

Inkosi, uzizwa unecala bakhe kusengaphambili, wacela intethelelo kunoma isiphi isimo, ubukele zezinkanyezi lapho indiza. Lesi senzakalo iziphathimandla ngaleso sikhathi, yebo, naye kufihlwe.

Izimbangela kokufa Cosmonaut Komarov

Phakathi Uzalo iphahlazeka "Soyuz-1". UVladimir Komarov akatholakalanga ukubona yezinkinga emshinini. Okokuqala a ukuphakama 150 kusukela Umhlaba wonke Kwakulungile, kodwa-ke kwakudingekile emnyango uqhekeko umkhumbi umoya waba izingxenye ezintathu, okungukuthi, ukuze zehlukanise phakathi gumbi kusukela lisebenze ezifuywayo nayiwo linezingxenye. Okwamanje sokuhlukanisa umthwalo ukuzwakalisa valve kwesikhathi, nakuba wokuvula yayo okuyakumehlela kamuva, eduze Umhlaba ngokwawo.

Isizathu salokhu ukuvulwa okungalindelekile valve namanje engakaze isungulwe. Izazi zikholelwa ukuthi ukusebenzisa ukwehlukana umkhumbi ku linezingxenye yamila imishudo alufakwa ku kwalo mshophi, womoya-mpilo angavulwa kusukela valve Ngokufutha komoya zokuphefumula kanye nokunyakaza induku ukukhiya. Phakathi Uzalo umshini kakhulu ukunciphisa ingcindezi, kanye-astronaut nje ayikwazanga unfasten ezizibeni ukuze uvale imbobo okuholela (window), ekugcineni ngaquleka.

Phezu ukuthola we oshonile laliphinyiselwa khona nitrogen igazi, ubuchopho ukopha, igazi emaphashini. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo, ohambweni bavimba imigwaqo engu-2 yalengiswa. Soviet isikhala ubuchwepheshe osidinga ngokuphuthumayo ngcono. Lesi senzakalo singafaneleki uhulumeni. Osomkhathi engunyaza nezingubo ezikhethekile, e ezahlukene indiza izingubo lwalungamukelekile. izinyathelo zokuvikeleka Benziwe lwabantu erhabekileko.

Umlando Omfushane astronaut enkulu

Zonke uhambo wakhe wokuphila e izindiza anikezelwe uVladimir Komarov wafa. Biography of the hero iyakufakazela lokhu. Yabelethwa astronaut ngo-1927. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-16, ngemva kohlelo eneminyaka eyisikhombisa esikoleni, wabhalisa e-Air Force esikoleni esikhethekile eMoscow zinenjongo eyodwa vó: ukuba abe omunye edume pilot impi Soviet, kodwa idiploma wanikwa isigamu nje kwaphela impi.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngemva kokukhululwa kwe Komarov kuhanjiswe ku Bataysk. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngo igama Serov College of Military Aviation ngo-1949, wangenela inkonzo wezempi fighter umshayeli eSifundeni North. Kungakabiphi, Grozny, ehlangana uValentina. Ithishelakazi washada uVladimir Mikhailovich.

Kusukela ukulwa lempi Space Test

Ngo-1952, Komarov kwaphinde idluliselwe isevisi. Lesi sikhathi, esikhundleni sakhe esisha sokuhlala kwaba esisentshonalanga edolobheni Ukraine Mukachevo. Njengoba umshayeli omdala engaba yisikhombisa, Komarov uye waqhubeka ukuthuthukisa, funda futhi ukhule njengoba uchwepheshe. Cosmonaut ngo-1959 wathola imfundo ephakeme, iziqu Academy yaqanjwa N. E. Zhukovskogo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wakhe waqhubeka State Research Institute Red Banner Air Force.

Yezefundo sihluke odlule ucwaningo nezikhungo core izindawo - ukuhlola izindlela zakamuva of izindiza. Ukuhambisa lapha isibe ngomqondo, yingozi Komarov - kulapha lapho wathenjiswa umsebenzi yokuhlola mkhathi, okuyinto okwakwenqatshelwe ukusakaza. Ngo-1961, waqala ukulungiselela ukuba izindiza kuya "East" futhi "kwelanga".

Izikhathi zokugcina zokuphila Komarova

UVladimir Komarov ukuthi nezinkampani Yuriem Gagarinym, futhi irekhodi real namanje walondoloza. Iphuzu laliwukuthi omiyane ayikwazanga ukuvula ibhethri kwesokunxele. Ngaphambi nje kokufika Gagarin wayala ukuba balungiselele ukusebenza sokugcina, ngokucophelela futhi aphathe ngokuphepha isibali esizikalayo, ukugxila inyanga. Komarov wathi ukuthi konke ukuze, kuthiwa esihlalweni futhi ukubophela esihlalweni sakho amabhande. Gagarin wafuna udonsa kakhulu umoya lapho lihlala nangemva Komarov impendulo: "Ngiyabonga, nikeza yonke ..." - naye kweso uyakwaphulwa. Yilokho yini ayezokusho okwamanje uVladimir Komarov. Cosmonaut, ngamazwi okugcina okungase ukuzwa dispatcher, kuze kube sekugcineni inkumbulo abantu ababemazi.

Idivayisi wehlela ngemva kokushiya emkhathini. Ukucinga izindiza ubonakala, futhi abashayeli wabona kwethulwa umshushuluzo umshayeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, libike ukuthi umkhumbi ivutha ngempela. Lamagama odlule kwaba ebulalayo. Lo mkhumbi yalo ivuthe umlilo, futhi ngaleso sikhathi Komarov uVladimir Mikhailovich wayazi ukuthi sonke singabhubhi. Akekho owaziyo ukuthi wazizwa kanjani ngalezo zikhathi zokuphila. Zonke Fired: futhi logbook, futhi on-ebhodini mibhalo.

Ngokusho yetinsita, bandisa ne izindiza yokusesha kusolakala wezwa sokuqalekisa-astronaut, kodwa lokhu kuyinganekwane. Yizwa izwi kwakunokwenzeka kuphela nge-antenna isendaweni main parachute ezizibeni, kodwa ukumambula kuye akuzange kube njalo.

Ebusuku ngo-Ephreli 25, uVladimir Komarov uhlala baphuthunyiswe esibhedlela Burdenko. Vershinin efika e induna, Air Marshal ukuba ngokusemthethweni sivalelise wabafileyo, kodwa lapho ebona obekusele, ngokushesha beyalwa ukuba ukulothisa.

Uphenyo lwabonisa ukuthi?

Phenya kokufa uVladimir Komarov futhi kwenhlekelele jikelele, kwenzeke "Union", waqala kwekhomishana eyaqokwa ngokukhethekile. Ngaleyo minyaka, izici ezihilelekile ukuhlola umkhathi Ustinov. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni nhlekelele zenzeka ngengozi, sasilibheka nje ukuqondana kwezinto.

Eqinisweni, isizathu - lobuchwepheshe. Amandla umshayeli umshushuluzo kwaba buthaka okuningi kuka kwamakhamera ocingo ngeke sikwazi ukukhuphuka imiqansa it out ngenxa bayawuqhwaga yokucindezela kokucindezelwa ezindongeni esitsheni, okuyinto yena, azange abe rigidity ngokwanele. Wathweswa icala abaklami, abahlanganyeli ukuthuthukiswa kwelinye lamagumbi parachute emkhunjini, njengoba abadali zalesi simiso parachute. Kusukela ihhovisi okudalwe umklami abakhulu Tkachev nesekela lakhe Mishin.

Kusukela 1971 - kungekho izingozi

Ngemva emva kugadla inhlekelele eminyakeni 1.5 - kokufa Cosmonaut Komarov kwi "Union", lokhu okulandelayo Cosmonaut zafinyelela Georgiy Beregovoy ekuqaleni kuka-1969, kanye eceleni - Khrunov uElisha. imikhumbi ezimbili emzileni namanje sesehla usuvele evulekile we zezinkanyezi bakwazi bahamba ngezinyawo besuka kwenye "Union" kwesinye. Ukundiza yesibili sasidabukisa futhi, kodwa izinhlamvu ezenziwe nzima. "Union" wayebhekwa njengoba onokwethenjelwa kunayo yonke yonke iziphuphutheki sonke isikhathi, futhi enhlekeleleni eyengeziwe kwaba ngo-1971.

Mendi nesibindi hero yaqashelwa nguhulumende. "Gold Star" Komarov ukuthi ngemva kokufa kwakhe yaklonyeliswa Medal Ukuhlonishwa okwesibili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklomelo-astronaut ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi isimanga "Roza vetrov", inqobo yiKomidi International for Aeronautics and indiza emkhathini, kuqinisekisa ukubaluleka ephelele uVladimir Mikhailovich feat.

Namuhla isidumbu sakhe aphumule odongeni ezibiyele on esigcawini eyinhloko eMoscow. igama lohlamvu kwakuzwakala ngokuphindaphindiwe, futhi kumabonakude. Idokhumentari okusekelwe izenzakalo ifilimu ngaphansi ongokomfanekiso isihloko "Isikhala. Igazi Okokuqala. " abasunguli balo wayebanike umsebenzi ngakuthathu ukuhlonza izimbangela nhlekelele futhi ezicashile ezibaluleke, ezingalotshwanga ezishiwo nenkathi yamaSoviet. EJalimane, eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, Berlin Symphony Orchestra kunabantu abaningi imisebenzi ebhalwe bomculo abavelele abavela emhlabeni jikelele ngqo uhlelo Ad Astra phrojekthi. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka ukudalwa ozinikele uVladimir Komarov.

Uma noma iyiphi inhlekelele nge Komarov, "Union" kwakufanele kube emoyeni kuze 2014. Kwathatha kwamashumi amahlanu, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba ziyaphuma umkhumbi ingahlala iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa ukuphila kwakhe (esenana yakhe) wanikela lonke iqhawe efanayo - Vladimir Mihaylovich Komarov. Ingabe akukhona lokho nobuqhawe? Ngeshwa, abantu abaningi abazi-ke, ngendlela engenabulungisa ... Kodwa manje, ngokwazi indaba edabukisayo futhi ozinikele Komarova yasekhaya, ogama lakhe kumele kube belingana nabanye abahloli elikhulu kudingeka baqhubeke behlonipha inkumbulo ke.