Caucasus - isifunda ngokubabazekayo sezintaba

Caucasus - endaweni enhle njengomumo womhlaba, etholakala ngokuyinhloko ngokubabazekayo ezintabeni zakwa-Eurasia. Kuyinto esifundeni eduze emaphethelweni aseningizimu East European Plain, ekuqa- eYurophu nase-Asia, futhi wageza ngasemanzini Sea kuya entshonalanga ne iCaspian - ngasempumalanga.

Umngcele enyakatho of eCaucasus anamandla egobhoza Sea Kuma-Manych Ukucindezeleka lasendulo, izingqimba zeqhwa Echibini ka Azov kanye eside Kerch Strait. Unqenqema eseningizimu yalendawo ezindawo kuyinto emngceleni endala ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union. Esikhathini ezinhlanu iinarha eCaucasus ne-akhawunti North Caucasian District for ezingaphezu kuka-350 eziyinkulungwane sq. M. km.

geography

I geography of eCaucasus utjengisa ukukhambelana division zibe khona iNyakatho neNingizimu izifunda. ENyakatho eCaucasus yilezi:

• Ante.
• emthambekeni okukhulu Greater eCaucasus ezintabeni esemgwaqweni yokhalo sokuhlukanisa emfuleni Samur ecaleni lasempumalanga.
• -Southwestern ukwehla enkulu Greater eCaucasus Ukhahlamba, nge komngcele walo we Northwest Territories.
• I Black Sea coast.

Ngokusekelwe geography samanje ezweni eCaucasus yasendulo Russia (North eCaucasus and ingxenye yamazwe Transcaucasian kanye ebhange kwesokudla emfuleni Samur) ne-Azerbaijan, Armenia futhi enobungane Georgia wokungenisa izihambi. Turkey naye onesitolo ingxenye yamazwe empumalanga lokuhlukanisa ngilibhubhise esifundeni sezintaba.

Caucasus eqhubeka eduze Alpine-zaseHimalaya ibhande zokuzamazama komhlaba wonke, okuyinto idume ukunyakaza asebenzayo zomhlaba futhi lugcwele izinto eziningi impumuzo entabeni.

indaba

Eyokuqala kukhulunywa ngayo igama elithi 'eCaucasus "atholakala abalobi basendulo Greece. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-Aeschylus "Prometheus eboshelwe" (cishe V leminyaka BC. E.).

Caucasus - ezweni ukuthi sekungamakhulu eminyaka kwaba yesehlakalo lempi izibhelu uthi ezinkulu imibuso. Bazama ukuyibamba ukulawula kule ndawo amasu. Le ndawo enkulu ehlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba - eYurophu nase-Asia - yake yesehlakalo olunegazi, okuyinto imbozwe ubutha asePheresiya omkhulu uMbuso WaseTurkey. ERussia asebenzayo umzabalazo eCaucasus waqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa sonamandla Golden zidlamlilo.

1944 kwaphawulwa yokuthi bonke Chechens futhi ingush ngenkani elahlala Kazakhstan futhi Kyrgyzstan (republic wase-USSR). Wamemezela isizathu olusemthethweni - izimo esiqhubekayo eziningi iyathinteka wendawo labantu Chechen-ingush abahlaseli German kanye abahlali. Map of eCaucasus uye ngaleso sikhathi kuye kwamiswa.

Ngo-1940, ukucindezelwa mass nokuxoshwa owabeka nezinye izizwe eCaucasus. Ngo-1991, e Chechnya kukhona i Icebo lika ahlomile, ngenxa lapho Chechen-Ingushetia ahlukaniswe ngaphandle kwemingcele ukuqokwa phezu Chechen futhi ingush Republic. Ngemva kwalokho, ngo-Chechnya ngokusemthethweni ezaqedwa operation counter-amaphekula, nakuba isimo e Ingushetia uhlala esishubile: kwashona abantu, ukweba, inter-clan izibhelu futhi izingxabano zezombangazwe ziyingxenye zokuphila zansuku zonke.

isikhathi sethu

Ngo-2008, i-Russia ngokusemthethweni neyaziwayo kutimela South Ossetia nasemazweni angomakhelwane Abkhazia, ukwakha ubungane phakathi kwabo. nezinye izifunda eziningana bahlale ukuzimela yayo. It Dagestan, Chechnya nabanye.

izindawo

Caucasus - lesi sibopho somshado, ngokuvumelana geomorphology, 4 ezindaweni eziyinhloko:

1. plain Ciscaucasian esisuka kusukela Azov ukuba strip iCaspian Sea mayelana 800 km ubude.
2. Greater iziNtaba zaseCaucasus (kuhlanganise Greater eCaucasus Mountain Range kanye ngqo sezintaba North-Caucasus).
3. ukucindezeleka Transcaucasian (kuhlanganise Colchis futhi Kura-).
4. Ithafa Transcaucasian (lokhu onqenqemeni enyakatho -Armenian Highland) ehlanganisa Massif Small eCaucasus ngokwayo ithafa South eCaucasus.

labantu

abantu Caucasian zihlukaniswe 3 ejwayelekile amaqembu ezizwe nezilimi: eCaucasus, e-Altai nomndeni Indo-European. On amazwe kulesi sifunda ezindawo liyaphila kukhona kuze kube bezizwe ezihlukahlukene 50, ukukhuluma ngezilimi abo futhi banezindlela isiko ahlukile. Ensimini ka banamuhla eCaucasus manje kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana ezinye izizwe: Russian, Ukraine, amaJuda nabanye abaningi. Kukhona abantu Caucasian (kavkasionsky, umshanelo, iCaspian, Armenoid).

Caucasus - isifunda lapho inkolo evelele ubuKristu (Orthodox waseRussia, Isi-Armenia nesiGeorgia) nobuSulumane. Kukhona abameleli yobuJuda. Islam inani lamakholwa ivuliwe nendawo ephambili phakathi kwezizwe eCaucasus.

ezokuvakasha

Izikhangibavakashi ejensi ngokuvamile ukulungiselela uhambo eCaucasus. Le ndawo kunemiphumela emihle empilweni, kukhona izinto eziningi ezikhangayo. Izinkampani njalo ukuhlela uhambo ezithakazelisayo ezintabeni. imisebenzi Izindleko ezinjalo engabizi, nakuba ezingeni intengo ngezinye izikhathi kuyahluka. Nokho, hambo okuthakazelisayo bathethelele ngokugcwele lezi zindleko. Hhayi lutho ubhekwa eCaucasus entabeni inhlokodolobha Europe. Sea kukanye naye, nabo njalo ukuheha izivakashi. Ngu eCaucasus libhekisela ingxenye yeRussia, Turkey, Armenia, Georgia ne-Azerbaijan. Ngokuvamile ungabona izivakashi: baseMelika, abaseCanada noma Australia. Bakulungele ukuvakashela esifundeni, ukuthenga izinto eziyizikhumbuzo futhi ejabulela ubuhle bemvelo. Caucasus zezizwe ziyisiliva samukele izivakashi.