Bestuzhev-Marly: Biography nesithombe

Bestuzhev-Marly ingenye abameleli ovelele ukunyakaza zothando e izincwadi Soviet. amanoveli yakhe, izinkondlo, kanye izihloko ezibucayi yayithandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye okukhipha umsebenzi wakhe ngamunye kwaba isenzakalo esenzeka ekuphileni etemibhalo wezwe lakithi. It yaziwa nangokuthi ilungu kwavukelwa Decembrist futhi ukuba abe umngane Pushkin.

Ezinye amaqiniso okuphila

Bestuzhev-Marly, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako ezithakazelisayo kithi, yazalwa ngo-1797 ku-umkhaya ompofu kodwa yizicukuthwane zasebukhosini. Uyise wawubuye uhlotshaniswe izincwadi, iye yaba nesandla ukushicilela, kwafika unina ngesikhathi imvelo ongaswele lutho. Indodana yabo waqeqeshwa Mining ubusosha Corps, kodwa, hhayi njengoba ngiwuqedile Yiqiniso, wangenela inkonzo. Wayengumuntu wempi ngaleso control okuthunyelwe izindlela, ngajoyina ibutho lezempi. ibutho lakhe wayesebenzela esiteshini ePeterhof edolobheni Marly (isihloko yena kamuva wathatha mbumbulu bomlobi). Ngalesi sikhathi, ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe yobuciko.

Imisebenzi yokuqala

Bestuzhev-Marly kwaba umlandeli ukunyakaza zothando, ogama izici uvele imisebenzi yakhe ekuseni, "Roman no-Olga", "mqhudelwano Revel" nabanye. Yena lisebenzisane omagazini ehamba phambili isikhathi, futhi kamuva, kanye nezinye izimbongi Ryleev ishicilela Anthology ayo "Polar Star", ngalo emakhasini okuthumela izihloko zabo ezibucayi enikelwe kuveza izincwadi owayephila nemisebenzi esidlule. nemicabango yenhliziyo yakhe nemibono noma nini sokucasuka eshubile emibuthanweni tetemibhalo, njengoba ku eminyakeni nje zazinjalo izingxoxo ngalokho isiqondiso kufanele athuthukise izinkondlo yasekhaya futhi temibhalo yephrozi.

ukubukwa etemibhalo

Bestuzhev-Marly wamelana kakhulukazi classicism, bethi lo mkhuba isivele iphelelwe yisikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wabiza imvume ka romanticism izincwadi. Umlobi kwakunguJohane fan yezimbongi ezifana uShakespeare, Schiller, futhi ikakhulu, Byron. Wagomela ukuthi izimiso zimiswe nalaba ababhali, okufanele ibe yisisekelo yentuthuko izincwadi kazwelonke. Imbongi yena ayethanda wokuveza abantu, izinhlamvu eqinile ngaphezu kokuvamile, izinkanuko eqinile, elalelayo. Ngaleyo minyaka, kwaba ngempela igama elisha ezincwadini nokugxeka. isikhulumi Akaziwa, Belinsky kakhulu kakhulu yombhali isihloko sika.

Ukubamba iqhaza ukunyakaza Decembrist

Bestuzhev-Marly engena "Mahhala Society of Abathandi Russian nezincwadi zokufunda", lapho ayeyilungu njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayeyindoda ilungu umphakathi Decembrists ngisho ezimpini izenzakalo iSigele Square. Wayehola amasosha YaseMoscow Regiment, kodwa ngemva kokunqotshwa inkulumo ngokuzithandela owayezinikele iziphathimandla. Ukuze iqhaza kule nhlangano, yena waba zehliswa ezikhundleni wagwetshwa zabasebenzi engamashumi amabili 'kanzima, sishintshelwe bedingiselwe eSiberia. Wathunyelwa Yakutsk, lapho eqala ukutadisha abantu bendawo impilo namasiko. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokusekelwe imibono yakhe, wabhala uchungechunge lwezihloko ngokuphila kule ndawo.

eCaucasus

Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly isikhathi esithile kamuva wathunyelwa isevisi zempi ubudala kwesokudla. Waya ukukhonza eCaucasus, lapho ezimpini ne bezintaba, okubonisa isibindi nokungesabi, yena yanikezelwa okuyiwona. Lesikhatsi lesi olubalulekile emlandweni womsebenzi wakhe ngenxa yokuthi kulapha lapho edala imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke.

Wadala Bestuzhev- Marlinsky phambili, sesiye isenzakalo esibalulekile emlandweni izincwadi yasekhaya zothando isikhathi. Imibhalo yesiteleka kakhulu zihlanganisa "kusho uLieutenant Belozor", "Ammalat Beg" nabanye. engavamile wabo ukuthi baletha umbhali uhlobo lonke entsha iqhawe: indoda ka ngaphezu kokuvamile, bethi baba nemizwa enamandla nesimilo sengane. izinhlamvu yakhe athwale Imprint romanticism Byronic. Ngale ndlela ukuheha nabantu bangesikhathi, ukuze inoveli omusha ngamunye umbhali ukubheka phambili. Bestuzhev wabulawa 1837 empini, isidumbu sakhe sase ngiyithole.

indaba

Bestuzhev-Marly, tindzaba letimfisha kabani okuqukethwe kunobufakazi obucacile bokuthi romanticism, ukunakwa ukhangwa umfanekiso ubuntu namandla ezamehlela okungavamile. Isibonelo inoveli yakhe, "Neuhaus Castle," okuyinto ezinikele echaza ubungane obabuphakathi izitha ezimbili: the knight of Novgorod futhi induna yekhulu ngubani, lapho siseyizitha enkundleni yempi, namanje bayahloniphana. Le ndlela yokubamba izinhlanzi ngokuvamile nobuntu imisebenzi yothando. Lapho echaza umsebenzi lo owenziwa ngalo sengathi yathathwa ngo- nenkathi yamaSoviet, okusikisela ukuthi imisebenzi komlobi namanje ezidumile.

Ubungane Pushkin

Ukudala Bestuzhev-Marly kufanele kubhekwe ngokomongo kwenkathi lapho elikhulu kwadingeka amathonya Romanticism, ukungena ezweni lethu ezivela emazweni Western Europe. Kulesi sisekelo, umbhali ube ngumngani Pushkin, ngubani esikhathini ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe futhi uncome kule ndawo. Yingakho umbhali eshicilelwe ngokuzithandela izinkondlo romantic ka-Aleksandru e lwencwadi yakhe, kanye izingcaphuno inkondlo yakhe "The Prisoner of eCaucasus", "amaGypsy". Umkhiqizo wokugcina Bestuzhev zenani ikakhulukazi kakhulu. Nokho, maduzane nje, Pushkin eqala ukudala umkhiqizo namaqiniso nezidingo imibuthano efundile futhi kufundwa. Bestuzhev wahlala adherent romanticism. Noma kunjalo, kokubili imbongi ukulondoloza ubuhlobo nobungane. Bavame benana izincwadi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi Pushkin wayehlonishwa kakhulu kakhulu zenani Marly indaba eyaziwa, ezinye zaze ziye zazithonya ezithile (isibonelo, indaba "isiphepho esikhulu seqhwa").

nokubaluleka indalo

imisebenzi Bestuzhev sika yaba nethonya elikhulu ezincwadini zanamuhla. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuye kwaba khona ushintsho kusuka classicism ukuze romanticism. Ngakho-ke, okwamanje lezi ziyingi elifundile isikhathi yabonisa isithakazelo esiqotho emsebenzini wakhe. Ngokusho ayephila nabo, indaba Marly yavulwa isigaba esisha e elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo kazwelonke. Kodwa ngokushesha kakhulu thina amaningi aqala ukulishiya leli imisebenzi yemvelo enengqondo. Kuyinto, okokuqala kunakho konke, indaba Pushkin futhi Gogol, abashiya romanticism futhi zayiswa ekhombisa ofanele ngokuphila.

Imisebenzi yabo imakwe Umkhuba omusha e temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba, lapho abalobi waqala ukuchaza ukuphila njengoba kunjalo. Against isizinda le misebenzi Bestuzhev-Marly imisebenzi kwalahleka futhi emva kwesikhathi esithile ziye ukhohliwe. Noma kunjalo, umsebenzi wakhe ube umcimbi ebonakalako izincwadi Russian. Umsebenzi wakhe baba nethonya Lermontov (phezu noveli "A Hero Lwesikhathi Sethu", futhi ikakhulukazi drama umtloli).