"Beowulf": Isifinyezo by isahluko

I-Anglo-Saxon inkondlo "Beowulf" okungukuthi elaziwayo lokuthi okungukuthi owokuqala umsebenzi ngesiNgisi. Mhlawumbe, le nkondlo yabhalwa ukuthi emakhulwini amaningana eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba sokuqala esilotshwe-Anglo-Saxon Bard futhi imbongi, ogama lakhe ayikaziwa. Wesandla sangomhla VIII-XI eminyaka, kuyilapho izenzo echazwe enkondlweni zenzeka V-VII eminyaka.

Isihloko presents esiqintini "Beowulf" inkondlo, sifinyeto izahluko noma izingxenye ezinkulu kanye nokuhlaziywa emfushane izihloko ezisemqoka.

Umongo zomlando kule nkondlo

Inkondlo "Beowulf" ubhekwa lwendabuko isiNgisi, kodwa kukhona eziningi izimo ukuthi inselelo lo mbono. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le nkondlo ukuthi eyalotshwa imbongi-Anglo-Saxon, sakhiwo isosha esihlatshelelwayo babemazi abantu esikhathini eside ngaphambi kwekhulu VIII.

Ngo nje ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambi kokudalwa wesandla eBritish Isles owakhiwe ngesikhathi yi amaCelt, base ethunjwa izizwe Nordic owakhuphula nabo, ngaphezu ulimi kanye namasiko, temdzabu yayo. It is wafakazela ukuthi esiqintini inkondlo kungabonakala temdzabu zaseScandinavia ngisho nangaphambi ngowokuqala izizwe zamaJalimane sase sifika ogwini lwaseNgilandi.

indlela yokubhala izincwadi

Kukholakala ukuthi ingoma Beowulf kulotshiwe asesimweni senkondlo, kodwa akusho ngempela ukufanisa canons yendabuko izinkondlo. Njengezinye imisebenzi amaningi okuqala Ephakathi, "Beowulf" ngasondelana up ngesimo ingoma noma inkondlo, futhi kulotshiwe ukuze Abahlabeleli babenjengomuntu kulula ukukhumbula omningi isikhathi (in the inkondlo 3182). "Beowulf" in the Isifingqo, futhi ngisho ukuhumusha kusuka Old English elahlekile yayo eqondile umsindo.

Iculo uhlobo Ephakathi yayisekelwe mavesi, kodwa "Beowulf" - umsebenzi ngakho ekuqaleni, ke ayiqukethe kubo. Empeleni, lo mbhalo ehlanganisa imigqa ezingaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu, hhayi ahlukaniswe futhi akukho aphazamisekile. Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, abahlabeleli izingoma, besebenzisa inqubo sifanamsindvo, okuyinto uhlelo ebalulekile ifonotiki ka okuphindayo eshaywayo imisindo zikhawu.

Sifanamsindvo isetshenziswa umugqa nkondlo "Beowulf" ngamunye. Okufingqiwe nge izingcaphuno original (e Old English) nge izincazelo ukufunda lesifanele kuzosiza ukuhlola okuhlonishwayo yokusondela ukwengeza ingoma. A indima ebalulekile ikakhulukazi ukudlala Ihubo imigqa kanye ukushintshashintsha kwezwi lonke izwi ijubane ekufundeni.

Ingoma Beowulf: Isifinyezo futhi isakhiwo

Njengoba ingoma, "Beowulf" uhlangana lo funa kwe-avareji idili ephakathi. Yini kakhulu ababefuna ukuzwa izilaleli? Yiqiniso, yezinganekwane anamandla, isibindi nesinamandla izimpi, lapho bonke ububi linqotshiwe.

Uzungu nkondlo - izenzo ekhazimulayo iqhawe zaseScandinavia okuthiwa Beowulf. Njengoba kufanele ingoma oludumile Beowulf ligxile impi izidalwa wasenganekwaneni, inhlakanipho amandla angaphezu kwavamile. Esikhathini inkondlo izimpi ezintathu: ezimbili zokuqala ezilandelana, gubha amandla protagonist nokuthi akuyona ejwayelekile uhlobo, ukukhokhela ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze ubunjalo iqhawe, ukuziphatha kwakhe Yeka ukulwa.

Okwesithathu, impi yokugcina imayelana ukufa nobuqhawe hero egameni nokuvikeleka abantu bayo. Kuyinto ejwayelekile kwezincwadi zaseScandinavia, igcwele izidalwa basezinganekwaneni futhi ngokunqoba abantu phezu kwawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, incazelo impi eyaholela, futhi ikakhulukazi esiphethweni, kukhona njalo ngokuphathelene nezindaba eziningana, kuba ngokuphelele ngeke ejwayelekile hhayi nje ngobe kutawutfutfukisa Izinganekwane izizwe zamaJalimane, kodwa nezalo yeqhawe medieval iyonke, okusenza ubunjalo kanye kakade eyodwa senkondlo uhlobo "Beowulf ".

Okuqukethwe amakhanda kusekelwe ingoma isakhiwo, okuyinto ihlukaniswe ngomqondo izingxenye ezintathu elihambisana ezintathu eziyinhloko uhlamvu belwa okubi.

Uhlaziyo emfushane izihloko ezisemqoka

Okokuqala-Anglo-Saxon Epos ifaka izinto ezingekho ejwayelekile isiko eBritish Isles. Uzungu nkondlo okungukuthi ngokuphelele zaseScandinavia, futhi ikhomba ingoma Beowulf kusuka eziningana Western Europe medieval epics.

Against isizinda ongashi indaba ephathwayo umzabalazo phakathi kokuhle nokubi, lapho ezinhle uhlale winner, naphezu intengo ukunqoba, engomeni Beowulf kuyofikwa izingqikithi, ejwayelekile ikakhulukazi Izinganekwane zaseScandinavia:

• Ukubaluleka amagugu kanye nezipho.
• A ekhethekile focus, okuyizinto zempi nezikhali.
• Ukudumisa amandla wamakhasi nokuma kwawo, hhayi kuphela namaqhawe, kodwa futhi anti-namaqhawe.
• Isimo kudide ezizweni ezingomakhelwane - isifiso sokusiza sisenkathazweni futhi ukulungele ukuhlasela nhlangothi yabo okwamanje esibi.

I-Anglo-Saxon inkondlo "Beowulf": indaba okuqukethwe okufutshane

Njengazo zonke epics ephakathi, Anglo-Saxon enkondlweni yokuqala lidumisa amandla, lobubhalo, futhi ubuqhawe lamasosha. Phindza usho indaba le nkondlo ingahlukaniswa ibe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ukuthi kuhambisane izimpi ezintathu hero.

Ukuze lula kuphindze alandzise isishwankathelo esiqintini "Beowulf," indlela elula ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezincane ezinhlanu:

• Isingeniso noma setfulo.
• Le mpi nge Grendel.
• Le mpi nomama Grendel sika.
• Le mpi nodrako.
• Isiphetho.

Nokho, kufanele acabangele ukuma ingoma-inkondlo "Beowulf". Amazwibela zezinkondlo uhlukanisa kwawo izingxenye ezingaphezu ngenxa yesiminyaminya eside.

Isingeniso kanye nokuchaza. ingxenye Omunye

Isingeniso kanye ujwayele izinhlamvu futhi isimo asesikhundleni, hlala mayelana 200 iculo izintambo. Njengezinye epics okuqala amaningi ezincwadi European, ngencazelo sasivumela enemininingwane lesi simo siyaphuthuma futhi iqala le nkondlo Beowulf. Isifinyezo lokuqala imigqa kanje.

Evesini lokuqala, umlobi yethula abafundi beya emakhosini omkhulu bezikhathi zasendulo, ababebusa abantu ekhazimulayo Danish. Endaweni yabo baba enamandla King Hrothgar, uba ngaphansi kokuphatha kukabani ubuholi umbuso ayekhula futhi anda. Hrothgar lakha ihholo elikhulu amadili futhi izinsuku eziningi fun sigubha amasosha Danish kuwo.

Noise kanye kokushayeka kumnandi yabakhanga iyagula ixhaphozi monster okuthiwa Grendel. Okokuqala pissed Grendel udonse wabadla amaqhawe ekhazimulayo 300, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukuza njalo ebusuku kuze ihholo elikhulu akuyona vesi futhi mnyama, ekubeni njenge-egumbini kuka ehholo zemikhosi.

Hrothgar kamunyu nangosuku olulodwa sizisole amasosha elahlekile, kodwa azi mayelana amandla Amazing lesilo, akazange alinge ukubuza izakhamuzi zabo ukuba alwe Grendel.

Okwesibili ingxenye: ujwayele umlingisi lomcoka

yena eyizwa izinhlekelele okuye kwagadla izihlobo Danish, safinyelela Higelaka inkosi, ukuba angabusi phezu kuka Gautami. umshana Anamandla King Beowulf wayenikela ngezinkonzo ukuya Hrothgar ebhukuda ukusiza anqobe silo. Beowulf ababehlangene squad of amasosha nane futhi hit umgwaqo.

Aya ngasogwini waseDenmark, Beovulv nabalingani wathumela enkantolo Hrothgar. Endleleni abantu bamangele isihloko futhi amandla berths midlalo ethemba ukuthola usizo lwabo.

Iningi amakhulu imigqa, ethula umfundi Beowulf, uzinikele incazelo zempi futhi izikhali Gautskoy squads. Evezwa isifinyezo indatshana "Beowulf" is nabakhi bezindawo abanaki imithelela izigcawu achazayo, nakuba kuyafaneleka ukuthi isikhali ithola ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nombhali kulo ingoma.

Le mpi nge Grendel. ingxenye Omunye

Grendel - omunye nabaphikisi ezintathu enamandla, impi lapho akha ingxenye enkulu yale nkondlo "Beowulf". Okuqukethwe impi ngenxa yenqwaba imigqa sizikhandle lahlukaniswa izingxenye.

Beowulf, Hrothgar ngomkhumbi ziyolekelela ihora bedinga, inikeza ithemba Danes, futhi okubenza umoya fun. Hrothgar ujwayelene yilawa Gaouth esinamandla nangengalo ngesikhathi sedili lokuhlonipha hero Beowulf uthembisa uma enqoba eningi izipho ezibizayo futhi konke isosha nje cela.

Nokho, akubona bonke babuswe inkosi Danish amisiwe kahle. Unfert Nomona inciphise amandla nenkazimulo Beowulf, babikezele kokufa kwakhe ngo Duel nge Swamp Thing. Beowulf, naphezu ebusheni bakhe nokungabi nalwazi izindaba zamanxusa, akayi ku mayelana Unferta esilawulayo futhi ngokwanele ihlangabezana Teaser.

Ingxenye Yesibili: Impi nge silo

Warriors ukuqeda idili ekuseni futhi ushiye gautskuyu squad ngo ihholo elikhulu samaholide ilindele Grendel. Beowulf ilala ngaphandle imvunulo kanye izikhali, ngoba uyazi ukuthi lesi silo zinganqotshwa amandla alinganayo kuphela nangekhono.

Esikhathini phakathi kobusuku Grendel ekuqhumeni ekamelweni engatholwa elinye lamasosha. Ukuvuka, Beowulf ngokushesha ushaya phezu isitha futhi uvalwe ohlwitha isidladla sakhe omkhulu. Battle nge Grendel esindayo futhi isikhathi eside, silo iqhawe omkhulu futhi onamandla, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, Beowulf neze Uzithukululile ukuxhakathisa umlenze Grendel. Ekuseni ngovivi ukhathele kusukela silo impi kwenza ukuhamba ngingafaneleki futhi Beowulf ne amandla edonsa emlenzeni wakhe, okuyinto nge amakhefu ziwe kude nomzimba. Grendel Scared ubalekela kwenye ixhaphozi sakhe, lapho afike ubulawa amanxeba. monster ngesandla uhlala endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi, futhi Beowulf ezandleni zakhe isipho Hrothgar.

Le mpi nomama Grendel sika

Ngemva kokunqoba nice esindayo phezu Grendel, Beowulf ithola udumo okufanele, izipho ocebile nokubonga Hrothgar yonke impi Danish. Wonke umuntu uhlala phansi ukuba benze idili futhi ukugubha futhi alinde unina Grendel sika wafutheka, ngubani beqhumuka egumbini futhi udla nomngane oseduze kanye nomeluleki Hrothgar. UMuntu buthaka nokuningi baqaphe indodana, ngokushesha iphelela yakhe ixhaphozi, ukudonsa ngemuva kuye yisisulu.

Inkosi Beowulf iyadabuka futhi ucela waphinda ukusiza umbuso Danish. Gaut Glorious ukulungele ulandele yisilwane ixhaphozi, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kokuba ukugqoka imvunulo yakhe yempi inhlamvu esindayo futhi uphatha inkemba lasendulo ukuthi usike lutho. Esimeni sokufa kwakhe, Beowulf ucela Hrothgar ukuthumela izipho Higelaku. Babuthene, iqhawe gautsky yilona umzila igazi ukuze odakeni futhi litshuza ezijulile.

Lonke usuku lehliselwa phansi Beowulf silwa izilo ixhaphozi. Ngenxa zempi, iqhawe ifinyelela Grendel ekhaya uphephile. Lapho, phansi ixhaphozi, uthukuthele umama Uhlezi phezu komzimba wakhe indodana. It ngokushesha ukuhlasela Beowulf, clasping yona yakhe zibe maholoholo umzimba futhi singavumeli ukuba isiteleka ngokukhululekile. Labo ukuhlaselwa, okusho ezilawula ukwenza iqhawe, musa zibangele noma iyiphi umonakalo ukuze lesi silo. Ukukhunjulwa Kwalabo inkemba anamandla, Beowulf buthakathaka kuheleza isitha uletha kuphela hit, kweso ukusika ikhanda silo.

izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela Beowulf antante phezulu we ixhaphozi, nalapho efike waphelela khona elinde kakade comrades ithemba futhi Hrothgar. Lapho ebona ikhanda elinqunywe we silo, Inkosi incoma amandla futhi obuqhawe Beowulf futhi sibonga yakhe yenkonzo yawo. Edilini behlonipha ekunqobeni Hrothgar yesibili ukuqamba izingoma isibindi gautskogo iqhawe futhi uthembisa ukuthi izenzo zakhe Iyokhunjulwa phakade.

Le mpi nodrako. ingxenye Omunye

Amaqhawe epics medieval akuvamile eficwe ubudala, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi esekelwe ezinganekwaneni zamaNorseman, lapho umgomo oyinhloko ukufa isosha impi ekhazimulayo, oqinisekisa hero eValhalla.

Njengoba ezimpini eziningi futhi banda inkazimulo yawo yezempi, Beowulf iyaphoqeleka ukuba esihlalweni sobukhosi, yena nomalume wakhe Higelaka. Iqondiswa nguye, umhlaba Gautam iyachuma futhi ikhula ocebile. Beowulf eminingi wabusa bakhe umbuso futhi kuvikele ukuphepha kwe-alo izakhamuzi. Lapha esemdala futhi azizwa eduze ekupheleni ukuphila ekhazimulayo. Zonke ecela iqhawe ayoliswe - ukuba amuke kuleli zwe empini bese uhola eValhalla.

Budebuduze emagcekeni ezigodlo owayedlula ezineshwa wathola engcebweni esiqashwe lo olele dragon. Nhlobo ngemiphumela, wathatha kusukela inqwaba ubucwebe kuyinto indebe encane eyodwa kuphela, kodwa udrako Bebona ukweba, ngivuka laqala ukuhlasela imizana angomakhelwane. Inzwabethi inyoka ezinamaphiko ngokushesha safinyelela Beowulf, owathembisayo ukuze izinsuku zakhe zokugcina ukuze avikele izakhamuzi kusuka kunoma iyiphi ubunzima. Ama-oda King imbombayi isihlangu esindayo ukuze awuvikele ilangabi udrako nokulungiselela zokugcina, azizwa ulwa empilweni yami.

Ingxenye Yesibili: kokufa Beowulf nobuqhawe

Ukuthatha ku babashayeli abasezimweni ezingezinhle kakhulu uyisela amagobolondo squad encane, Gautam King ngesibindi uyahamba ukuhlangabezana Isiphelo sakhe. Endleleni eya isikhundla amaqhawe inyoka ibhekene ukusakaza somlilo, lapho akunakwenzeka ukuhambisa. Beowulf ngezwi elikhulu okuheha dragon ukulwa.

Ukubona abesabekayo inyoka nomlilo-ukuphefumula, amasosha ukubaleka, kusale inkosi yabo. Kuphela Wiglaf abasha abanesibindi uhlala eceleni Beowulf. Old Warrior uletha buhlungu inkemba dragon, kodwa amandla wona cha is fana, futhi kuyo izikali inyoka inkemba kuqhekeka kwesigamu. Dragon Beowulf eluma ngokusebenzisa entanyeni aphume isilonda igazi ageleza. Ngokuvumelana Wiglaf, ukufuna ukusiza inkosi yakhe, enza Punch dragon esiswini, oluvuthayo esandleni sakhe.

Iqoqa amandla akhe Ekugcineni, inkosi ugwaze a angababulali eside ku ohlangothini inyoka ngamandla amakhulu kangangokuthi silo lehla efile. Beowulf futhi won, kodwa isilonda kwakhe ebonakaliswe ebulalayo. Leso sikhashana wakhe wokugcina iNkosi ubonge onkulunkulu ukuze kukhululwe amagugu kanye bequeaths sakhe sobukhosi Wiglaf futhi umthwalo phezu kwabantu.

isiphetho

Will odlule Beowulf ekhazimulayo - washisa isidumbu sakhe ogwini, futhi uthele phezu igquma elikhulu elithi somlotha, okuyinto uzobona amatilosi kusukela kokwehla umbuso.

amasosha ethukile Kubi, uhlanganyela yakhe, abuyele endaweni sokufa yenkosi, lapho yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba Wiglaf namanje uzama ukumsiza ukuba aphaphame. Indlalifa abasha yesihlalo sobukhosi kamunyu ethethisa squad for wobugwala yabo futhi wathi isenzo ababuthakathaka sengingene kuzoletha eziningi abantu usizi gautskomu manje ukuthi Beowulf ayikwazi abavikele. Wiglaf ubikezela impi nezinhlanga angomakhelwane, enilindé nje ekufeni kweNkosi gautskogo.

Abantu uphatheke kabi futhi abacindezelekile izindaba ngokufa Beowulf. lomzimba walo uyaphakama elalenziwa umlilo, nokukhala womuntu muffles ukubhonga ilangabi. INdunduma lomzimba YeNkosi kuthululwe ku eweni ukuthi yehla olwandle.