Amanzi angaphakathi waseRussia - impahla kazwelonke

Iyini amanzi yangaphakathi eRussia? Lezi imithombo eminingi yomswakama: amachibi, amaxhaphozi, imifula, izitsha zokufakelwa, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ama-glaciers kanye ne- permafrost. Amanzi abalulekile ekuphileni eMhlabeni futhi ingenye yemithombo ebalulekile yemvelo. Wonke amanzi angaphakathi axhunyiwe nomunye nemvelo, emele umjikelezo. Lokhu kuyingxenye ye-landscape, enomthelela omkhulu kwisakhiwo sayo.

Ukulinganisela kwamanzi

Amanzi angaphakathi ahanjiswa ngokungalingani kulo lonke elaseRussia. Lokhu kubangelwa ingxenye enkulu ekungenikeni kwemvula kanye nokukhuphuka, okwenza ibhalansi. Ezinye izindawo zimile. Akuningi imifula namachibi lapha, kepha imvula ayidlangalaleni. Amanzi angaphezulu ayilutho, kanti amanzi asemhlabathini atholakala ekujuleni okukhulu. Ngokungafani nalezi zindawo, amanye amazwe agcwele umswakama. Inethiwekhi enkulu yemithombo yasemhlabeni, emhlabathini nasezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu isendaweni yawo. Ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi amanzi angaphakathi aseRussia, ngenxa yenani elikhulu lezinkambu zezulu, abe nezinga elihlukile lokusabalalisa. Umsebenzi wezomnotho wabantu uphinde uthinte ushintsho lwamanzi ebhalansi.

Imifula

Okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni evamile yaseRussia yimifula. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yamanzi angaphakathi. Izwe licebile emikhakheni emikhulu yemifula. Zisetshenziselwa ukudoba, ukuthutha, ukukhiqiza amandla, ukuchelela kanye nokunikezwa kwamanzi. Umbuso womfula uxhomeke ezimweni zezulu kanye nezici zenkululeko. Ngakho-ke, basatshalaliswa ngokungafanele eRussia . Imifula emikhulu kakhulu iwela izingxenyana eziningana zezulu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Abaningi babo bangahamba nemikhumbi futhi bangumthombo wamanzi. Ngakho-ke, i-Yenisei, egeleza ezinqabeni, ehlathini, ehlathini, e-taiga, ehlathini nase-tundra, igeleza iLwandle LwaKara. Kunezimbiza ezinkulu ezintathu, lapho iningi lemifula ligxila khona . Leli yi-Aral-Caspian ibhasi nemigodi yezilwandle zasePacific nase-Arctic. Umthombo wemifula kukhona amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ama-glaciers, imvula, amanzi emvula kanye neqhwa eliqhakazile. Uhlobo lwawo luxhomeke kulokhu.

Amachibi

Ukusatshalaliswa kwamachibi nakho kungalingani. Inombolo enkulu kunawo wonke igxile eKarelia naseCentral Lowland. Kukhona cishe okungenalutho endaweni yamahlathi. Lesi sici sincike endaweni kanye nomswakama wesimo sezulu. Amachibi ikakhulukazi ama-tectonic ne-volcanic avela. Umbuso walezi zinqolobane uncike emthonjeni. Kukhona amachibi agelezayo (aphethwe yimifula egelezayo noma ephumayo) noma amanzi (ngokuvamile lezi yizinto ezivela emanzini anosawoti). Ukushisa kwamanzi ezinqolobaneni kuphakama kakhulu ehlobo futhi kunciphisa kakhulu ebusika. Ngokwemvelo yabo, la manzi angaphakathi aseRussia ahlala isikhathi esifushane. Lokhu kungenxa yezici zemvelo nemisebenzi yezomnotho yabantu.

Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba

Izinhlobo zokuphumula nezimila zixhomeke ekuziphatheni kwezimpawu zenhlabathi. Iningi lensimu yezwe liyakwazi ukwakheka kwalolu hlobo lwamanzi angaphakathi. Ukujula kwesenzakalo sabo kuphela ukuhluka. Ziwumthombo obaluleke kunazo zonke wokudla imifula. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ajulile kakhulu, okwenza ngezinye izikhathi abe ngamabhasi ase-artesian. Okubaluleke kakhulu yimithombo yamanzi ashisayo, etholakala ezindaweni eziningi zezwe.

I-Permafrost namaxhaphozi

Lawa manzi angaphakathi aseRussia aphethe umthamo omncane ngobuningi bawo, kodwa adla indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi nempilo yabantu. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ahlala esifundeni se-permafrost. Izindawo zasemaphandleni zicebile ku-peat, esetshenziselwa ukusebenzisa izitshalo zamandla futhi zenze umhlabathi. Wonke amanzi angaphakathi aseRussia - imifula, amachibi, emhlabathini nasemhlabathini, ama-glaciers kanye nemifula - ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni komuntu. Lena enye yengcebo eyinhloko yinkimbinkimbi yemvelo, okumele ivikelwe futhi yande.