Amaloli Soviet: imodeli izici. Colchis, Ural, Zil

ESoviet Union wadala inani elikhulu kokubili yizimpahla nezimoto ezithwala. Lesi sihloko sizodingida amaloli edume kunazo USSR.

Truck Kaz-606 "Colchis"

Ezikhathini zangaphambili, izwe lethu zidinge imoto ikwazi yokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu. Ngamafuphi nje, esikhathini amaloli. Soviet onobuhle iloli unayo i umlando ezithakazelisayo. Yingakho lesi sitshalo Kutaisi waqala ukukhiqizwa imoto, okuyinto kamuva yase yaziwa ngokuthi "Colchis". History of the amaloli USSR iqala sibonelo ethulwa Ministry of ezokuthutha, okuyinto zakhiwa ngo-1958. Futhi ngo-1959, izimoto ka Kutaisi Automobile Plant ezaboniswa ngesikhathi Exhibition of Izimpumelelo Economic.

isitshalo Ubude ethulwa zinhlobo ezimbili imoto, omunye okwakuwuphawu bead kanye kwaba isifinyezo Kaz-605, kanti ezinye senziwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso ugandaganda lasekhanda Kaz okuthiwa 606. Ngemva ukwazi imikhiqizo lesiGeorgia Ministry of imoto imoto umkhakha evunyiwe ukukhiqizwa yomkhiqizo imodeli eyodwa kuphela. Priority wanikwa iphrojekthi Kaz-606. amaloli Soviet, ogandaganda iloli agcwaliswa.

imoto isithunzi

Car Kaz "Colchis" kwadingeka indawo enhle kakhulu yokushayela cab elicwebezelayo elenza ekulawuleni kanye ngokufeza aqondisa traffic elula. Ngokungafani izimoto ezikhiqizwa ngaphambili, abanikeze asebenza nabo okwakunzima kancane sokhuni, cap "Kolkhida" sasenziwa gumbi metal. Egumbini labashayeli, ngaphandle umshayeli, kwakukhona eyodwa kuphela umgibeli esihlalweni, kodwa offset khona embhedeni encane umthamo. isinqumo esinjalo ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola wamavukelambuso kule lwasekhaya embonini yezimoto.

Imoto azange abe hood evamile, ngaleso sikhathi kwaba eseyintsha. Amandla Phiko ngaphansi eshaweni, futhi kumjabulisa kakhulu ebusika nehlobo ecasukile. Ukubukeka iloli kwaba yesimanje futhi stylish, ngoba Abaklami wathutha indawo izibani phansi ngaphambili.

Okumbi imoto Kaz-606

I ethile ebaluleke kakhulu iloli "Colchis" babe iloli njalo futhi high petrol. A amakhilomitha angamakhulu imoto kokuchitha 50 amalitha uphethiloli. Ngenxa itholakala ngaphansi cab samandla iyunithi ehlobo isikhathi eside kwakunzima ukulawula iloli. Hhayi kuphela ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa ingaphakathi, kodwa futhi ngenxa ekuqongeleleni amagesi qeda.

isiphetho

Naphezu zonke izinzuzo iloli "Colchis" akazange abe lidumile abashayeli. Futhi sebephendukela kweminye imihlobo.

Truck "Ural"

Ukuziqhenya yasekhaya embonini yezimoto wadala kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II. Umsebenzi we-iloli - ekususweni nezingodo endaweni ukukhiqizwa. Banikezwe remoteness yezindawo for izimoto "Ural" (ugodo) okhethwe nezidingo elawula for sezwe kanye nokusebenza ezimweni ezinzima. Ngenxa yokuzikhandla onjiniyela Soviet nabaqambi esesikwenzile bakhululile kubalulekile iloli-trailer imisebenzi.

Izinzuzo ugodo "Ural"

Timber babe lokukwazi yasekhaya ukukhiqizwa throughput high quality ukukhiqiza.

Ngo imishini enjalo ezweni siye sadinga njalo sibi nakakhulu, banikezwe ocebile ihlathi imithombo. Amaloli Soviet bekusolo bayindlala kakhulu kokubili wakuleli nakwamanye amazwe.

sici isakhi ugodo "Ural" kuyinto ehlukile isondo ifomula - kusuka 4x4 kuya 8x8. Ngenxa kule formula futhi edume patency izuzwe. Operating lokushisa lebanga -40 ... + 40 ° ^C. Le ukwehluka ivumela imishini yalolu hlobo ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu.

Ubude obukhulu wezimpahla kucishe 25 amamitha. I-trailer attachable ukuze ugodo has a indlela pivoting, okwandisa maneuverability phakathi zokuthutha. "Ural" - ugodo, okuyinto ifakwe powertrains enamandla phezu 200 amahhashi.

Modern ugodo amaloli "Ural" anemisila ekhethekile wokubacindezela Loader-manipulator, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ngomkhumbi ugodo ngaphandle uhlanganyela crane. Umklamo we lift nokulawula uhlelo - elula futhi enokwethenjelwa. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukunciphisa izindleko kanye nesikhathi kwamahlathi ukukhiqizwa.

I izinjini uhambisane namazinga European, okusho ukuthi imoto cishe hhayi zingcolisa indawo esizungezile.

Okumbi ugodo "Ural"

Mhlawumbe sinazo kuphela ugodo "Ural" zihlanganisa okusezingeni eliphezulu petrol. Nakuba kunjalo, uma kubhekwa izimo wokusebenza yale mishini, singasho ukuthi lesi simo sibangelwa ngempela kuthethelelwe.

isiphetho

Sikhanyisiwe nomqondo iloli zokuhamba kwezinsiza ehlathini, okuyinto edingekayo eminyakeni kusetshenzwa ngenkuthalo, namanje umi enkonzweni yomuntu. Timber uqhubeke ukwenza umgomo wayo kulo lonke elakwa-eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ukusizakala ezinzima zezulu, azigcina okunokwethenjelwa abasizi abantu.

Ngesandla Esiqinile yokulahla amaloli

izimoto Ukudala BelAZ, Autoworks Belarusian luhlose ukuqinisekisa ukususwa ngempumelelo amaminerali kusuka kusayithi ukukhiqizwa. Ekuthuthukiseni nomqondo imoto enkulu kangaka, onjiniyela kanye nabaqambi baye bathola okuhlangenwe nakho olukhulu kule mboni. Izwe lethu liyaziwa esiningi yemvelo isizinda. Ukuhlinzeka ikhwalithi ukuthutha kahle kwezimpahla ayengakwenza umshini kuphela enkulu futhi eqotho. Ministry of embonini yezimoto wase-USSR wanquma usethe izindawo zokukhiqiza sokuthuthukisa ukudalwa amaloli ezisindayo emsebenzini ngasezinkwalini yezwe. Ngakho kwaba khona Belarusian Automobile Plant, yona eyaqala ukwenza i ukudala BelAZ izimoto.

Njengoba lwaqalwa ngo-1948, ukukhiqizwa yokulahla amaloli yazuza ukwazisa emhlabeni wonke. Bahlala batfutfukisa nekungeniswa ubuchwepheshe obusha embonini yezimoto, ifektri isibe omunye abaholi namaloli.

Ingane yokuqala Belarusian Automobile Plant phathelana bavela elihambayo ngo-1961 BelAZ-540. Lokhu monster 27 ton kwaba ukuziqhenya abantu baseSoviet. Njengoba bumbela nengane yokuqala autoconcern BelAZ olwenziwa inqwaba ukuhlolwa ezidingekayo.

ukusebenza "umsebenzi" yakhe esemthethweni manje BelAZ-540A waqala ngo-1965. Yiqiniso, lokhu amaloli ubudala Soviet, futhi bakude amaloli yesimanje izimayini, entsha okuyinto BelAZ-75710. Ukuze sifeze kahle Ukukhathazeka Belarusian idale mhlawumbe kakhulu umthwalo-ephakamisa izimayini iloli emhlabeni. Isisindo wezimpahla zithutha amathani 450!

Nabaqambi BelAZ-75710 kakade uye walungisa isicelo kohlu lesi simangaliso ubuchwepheshe e-Guinness Book of Records. Eqinisweni, impumelelo le imodeli kwaba isamba yonke impumelelo embonini yezimoto kule ndawo. abasebenzi Factory siye sanikela ngeminyaka 65 nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yayo.

Imodeli entsha ihlukile ukusetshenziswa yangaphambili amasondo eziyisishiyagalombili esikhundleni eziyisithupha. Le isixazululo zivunyelwe ukuba zithathe ebhodini a Inkokhelo ezinkulu. Ukuvula engaba lokhu giant elingamamitha angu-20, okuyinto, ucabangela ubukhulu bayo, kuncane kakhulu. Sasisebenza nge onjiniyela kanye imoto maneuverability. Ukusebenzisa isimiso izimbazo ezimbili eziphendukayo, akwazi ukuthuthukisa maneuverability jikelele weloli.

umsebenzi Huge eye yenziwa imishini amandla plant. Uhlobo amandla iyunithi elisetshenziswa yokulahla iloli - udizili abhanqiwe. Awanikezwa sokuphehla amandla kuyinto 4600 l / s. Zonke izinhlelo BelAZ-75710 abangu ngaphansi sesimanje olunzulu, okwagcina ngcono manageability bese ubamba imoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yokulayisha athula wezimpahla, kakhulu, baye baba elula kakhudlwana futhi kulula, ukugibela futhi iloli unqamule izwe ngcono. Ukuziqhenya yobunjiniyela Belarusian, BelAZ-75710, uye waba ngumuntu imoto kakhulu nokunomsoco futhi enokwethenjelwa.

isifinyezo

Naphezu usayizi umxhwele futhi isisindo ezinkulu, njalo elementi iloli phambi kwethu ihlangabezana ukuphepha eliphakeme nokwethembeka. Ngempela, uhlu "Amaloli USSR" ngeke ibe ephelele ngaphandle BelAZ yokulahla amaloli. Kodwa Ukubuyekeza lwethu akugcini kulo mshini. Come on.

Truck Zil-131

Ngo-1966, imoto isitshalo Likhachev (Zil) yaqala ukunyathelisa we olusha imodeli Zil-130. Imoto kwaba sezwe iloli nge ngcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne kokumethemba libe nezici. Plant Abaklami zanquma ukulishiya isikimu bonnet, ukulungisa kuphela Kwezinye izingxenye gumbi.

Pluses imoto Zil-131

Siyabonga vesi kakhulu cishe kunoma iyiphi sezwe Zil-131 kwaba umsizi ezinhle ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokukhulekela womuntu.

Amayunithi imodeli indlela ibonakaliswa enokwethenjelwa ngezikhathi zokuhlupheka amasampula esidlule, olwesimanje futhi namanje thembeke ukukhonza ngaphezulu.

Imoto kwenzakala ngokumangalisayo ziqinile futhi bayaphikelela. Operating lokushisa ububanzi ingaphezu umxhwele. Zil-131 ongasebenza okushisa kusuka -40 kuya +50 degrees Celsius.

Umshini isetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu amayunithi lempi futhi enze imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngezinye kwesisekelo salo zadalwa ukushintshwa izimoto zokuhamba kwabasebenzi webutho lezempi, emakhishini ensimini futhi izibhedlela ephathekayo.

Ngesisekelo Zil-131 babekwa izinhlobo ezahlukene izikhali kanye nemishini umsakazo. Imoto wasetshenziswa kakhulu embonini zezindiza njengoba imoto ngokugcwalisa izindiza, ezinophephela emhlane kanye nezinye izindlela ukuqinisekisa zezindiza izindiza.

Umshini lalisetshenziswa prospecting Geological, embonini yezokwakha ngisho iqhwa ukususwa imisebenzi.

Okumbi Zil-131

Ukwahlulela ukubuyekezwa, eziningi yokudla umshini. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela 40 amalitha 100 amakhilomitha nemibi ngayinye kukhona kunalokho ezivamile.

isiphetho

Njengazo zonke amaloli Soviet Zil-131 edla ifa 'uhlamvu "ayo. Nokwethenjelwa zalezi zimoto akunakungatshazwa. Ngisho nanamuhla, ngemva kokuzikhandla amashumi eminyaka amaningi, Zil-131 uyaqhubeka layo kungekho umsebenzi elula.