Abagxeki kule noveli "Obaba and Sons". I. Roman S. Turgeneva "Obaba and Sons" e ukubuyekeza, a baxgeki

"Obaba and Sons", indaba yendalo okuyinto ngokujwayelekile ohambisana nesifanekiso umkhiqizo, "Rudin", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1855 - eqanjiwe Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wabuyela isakhiwo saleli lokuqala indalo yayo.

Njengaye, e "Obaba and Sons" zonke imicu indaba abuthana isikhungo esisodwa, okuyinto kwakhiwa sibalo Bazarov - plebeian Democrat. Nanguya kuvusa bonke a baxgeki kanye nezinhlelo zokufunda. Abaningi Ubhale baxgeki ezihlukahlukene kule noveli "Obaba and Sons", njengoba umkhiqizo iye yabangela isithakazelo lesi futhi impikiswano. tikhundla Key maqondana le noveli, sizobe ukwethula kuwe kule athikili.

Lokho Okushiwo isithombe Bazarova ukuqonda umkhiqizo

Bazarov wayengeyena nje maphakathi ngesakhiwo usebenza, kodwa futhi eziyinkinga. Kusukela ukuqonda kwakhe isiphetho kanye nesazisi kwakuxhomeke kakhulu ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke ezinye izici Romana Turgeneva: isikhundla lombhali, uhlamvu, namasu okwenza kwezobuciko ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa emsebenzini, "Obaba and Sons". Ngokusho izinhloko a baxgeki kubhekwe noveli futhi wabona kuwo libe isenzakalo esisha ngemisebenzi Ivan Sergeyevich, nakuba kwaba ukuqonda okuhluke kakhulu kwakuleli nencazelo yalesi umsebenzi eyingqopha.

Yini amthethise Turgenev?

Ambivalence zonke nasendabeni yesimo sengqondo kombhali ngase iqhawe kwakhe kwaholela sola futhi Isihlamba sabantu abaphila ngenkathi eyodwa. Turgenev ngesihluku zihlukunyezwa bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Abagxeki kule noveli "Obaba and Sons" wakhuluma ikakhulukazi omubi. Abafundi abaningi ayikwazanga ukuqonda umqondo wombhali. Kusukela Umlando ka Annenkov, futhi Ivan Sergeyevich, sifunda ukuthi MN Katkov wathukuthela, ukufunda umbhalo wesandla ka "Obaba and Sons" by isahluko. kwakubacasula yakhe yokuthi protagonist usebenza nokubusa ophakeme ayitholakali ukumelana kuphi abaphendula ngokunengqondo. Abafundi futhi baxgeki kwekamu aphikisanayo kanzima wabasola Ivan Sergeyevich sengxabano yasekhaya, okuyinto wagcina nge Bazarov e inoveli yakhe "Obaba and Sons". Okuqukethwe kwalo wawubonakala ungacacisi kubo hhayi yeningi ngokuphelele.

enhle kakhulu iyona into MA phakathi kwezinye amahumusho Antonovich, eyanyatheliswa ngo "Contemporary" ( "Asmodeus isikhathi sethu"), kanye ezihlokweni eziningi eziye zavela kumagazini wesiFulentshi "izwi Russian" (yeningi), okuqondene ngothi DI Pisarev, "sabasebenzi ukucabanga," "namaqiniso," "Bazaar". Laba bagxeki kule noveli "Obaba and Sons" ethulwa ukubukwa amathonya amabili aphikisanayo.

Pisarev umbono mayelana umlingisi lomcoka

Ngokungafani Antonovich, owabonisa ukubaluleka kakhulu omubi Bazarov, Pisarev wabona kulo "nesikhathi iqhawe." Samanje Lokhu umhlaziyi uye kuqhathaniswa leli nani ne "abantu abasha", kusenzo noveli "ukwenzani na?" NG Chernyshevsky.

Isihloko esithi "Obaba and Sons" (ubuhlobo izizukulwane) e izihloko zakhe eyathinteka. Esashiwo abameleli isiqondiso yeningi ukubukwa etshiyeneyo ka umsebenzi Turgenev sika wathola babenjengomuntu "uqhekeko kuleli nihilists" - yokuthi zokuphikisana yangaphakathi ezazikhona ukunyakaza yeningi.

Antonovich ka Bazarov

Futhi abafundi kanye abagxeki "Obaba and Sons" siyabhubha hhayi ithuba imibuzo emibili: ngesikhundla kombhali kanye prototypes izithombe kule noveli. Bakha izigxobo ezimbili, okuhunyushwa futhi beqonda noma yimuphi umsebenzi. On inkolelo Antonovich, Turgenev wayegula abanezinhloso ezinhle. Ukuchazwa Bazarov eyethulwe lezi baxgeki, lesi sithombe alubhaliwe off "kusukela ukuphila" ubuso "umoya omubi", "Asmodeus", okuyinto ikhishwe isizukulwane esisha umbhali uthukuthele.

Ngo feuilletonistic ngendlela eqinile Antonovich sihloko. Nomcwaningi kunokuba ukwethula ekuhlaziyweni inhloso yemisebenzi ezidalwe umlingisi ikhathuni main, esikhundleni Sitnikov, "umfundi" Bazarov, esikhundleni uthisha wakhe. Bazarov, ngokuvumelana Antonovich, akuyona nje okungaqondile kwezobuciko, hhayi nesibuko okutshengisa esizukulwaneni esisha. Abagxeki bathi umbhali kule noveli wadala lampoon okuhlabayo, okuyinto into kufanele kube ngendlela efanayo. Injongo Antonovich - "ukuxabana" nge esizukulwaneni esisha of Turgenev - osekuzuziwe.

Into ezazingakwazi uku- ningathetheleli Turgenev Democrats?

Antonovich ku subtext esihlokweni yakhe engenabulungisa futhi anolaka uhlambalaze umbhali wayesefulathele out sibalo ukuthi kakhulu "neyaziwayo" njengoba omunye prototypes kubhekwa Dob. Izintatheli ka "Contemporary", ngaphezu, umlobi ayikwazanga ukuthethelela igebe ne magazini. Le noveli "Obaba and Sons" yanyatheliswa kuyi "iGazethi Russian", ukushicilelwa olandelanayo owawuqondene kubo isibonakaliso azihlukanisa unomphela intando yeningi Ivan Sergeyevich.

Souks e "ukugxeka abanye real"

Pisarev wavezwa omunye umbono mayelana umlingiswa oyinhloko webhayisikobho umsebenzi. Wayebheka njengesinyathelo caricature of abathile, kanye kummeleli ngenkathi uhlobo kwezenhlalo yokungakholelwa okutjha okubuya. Lokhu ukugxekwa iyona nesithakazelo okungenani esimweni sengqondo kombhali ngase iqhawe lakhe, kanye izici ezihlukahlukene zaleli kwezobuciko Inkulumo isithombe. Pisarev Bazarov uhunyushwe umoya okuthiwa ukugxekwa yangempela. Waphawula ukuthi umbhali endleleni ezichaza wakhe waba nganhlanye, kodwa kakhulu uhlobo Pisarev walinganiswa kakhulu - ". Iqhawe kwesikhathi" njengoba Esihlokweni esithi "Bazarov" kusho ukuthi nokuboniswe inoveli, umlingiswa oyinhloko, umelwe "ubuso edabukisayo" - uhlobo olusha, engesiyo izincwadi ezanele. Incazelo obengeziwe ukugxekwa Bazarov alishiye ezingasho lesitsetfwe enovelini. Ngokwesibonelo, esihlokweni esithi "I sabasebenzi ukucabanga" futhi "namaqiniso" egameni "Bazaar" seliye labizwa ngokuthi uhlobo inkathi raznochinets-zikhundla, umbono iseduze Pisarev.

Bemanga sokuchema

Inhloso, ithoni nokuzola Turgenev ngomfanekiso protagonist ziyaphikisana emangalelwa noma ukuchema kuzo. "Obaba and Sons" - uhlobo "Duel" Turgenev sika nge nihilists futhi nihilism, kodwa lo mlobi wayeke nazo zonke izimfuneko "ikhodi udumo": yena bazohlonipha abaphikisi ulwa fair, "ukubulala" kuye. Bazarov njengesifanekiselo engaqondile zibe yingozi, ngokusho Ivan Sergeyevich, kuyinto abaphikisi ayakufanelekela. Nokugconwa ubuqili, isathaya okuyinto osolwa nombhali abanye abagxeki, ayisetshenziswa, base ngoba kunganikeza yalokho okuphambene ngokuphelele, okungukuthi underestimating amabutho nihilism, ke kwakukhungathekisa kakhulu. Nihilists wafuna ukubeka lzhekumirov yabo esikhundleni "engunaphakade '. Turgenev, ukukhumbula umsebenzi wakhe endleleni Yevgeny Bazarov, wabhala ME Saltykov-Shchedrin ngo-1876 i-noveli "Obaba and Sons", okuyinto unesithakazelo emlandweni ukudalwa abaningi, ukuthi akumangalisi ukuthi kungani iningi abafundi bale uhlamvu uye ayikaziwa, ngoba umlobi akakwazi ngempela ukucabanga ukuthi wawaloba. Turgenev ukuthi wayazi into eyodwa kuphela: kwakungeyona kuwo ke kungekho mkhuba, akukho imicabango noma ukuchema kuzo.

Isikhundla Turgenev

Abagxeki kule noveli "Obaba and Sons" wakhuluma ikakhulukazi eyodwa emaceleni, nika ukuhlolwa nokhahlo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Turgenev, njengasezulwini amanoveli langaphambilini, ugwema amazwana, ayenzi iziphetho, efihla ngamabomu emhlabeni engaphakathi iqhawe lakhe ukuze acindezele abafundi. Ingxabano kule noveli "Obaba and Sons" akuyona phezu. Ngakho kuqondile ukuze ahumushe umhlaziyi Antonovich futhi Pisarev indiva ngokuphelele isikhundla kombhali kuboniswa esiqintini ukwakheka, ubunjalo izingxabano. Ukuthi iqalise umqondo ukudalelwa Bazarov sika umlobi imisebenzi "Obaba and Sons", izithombe zazo impikiswano abacwaningi ahlukahlukene.

Eugene ezimpikiswaneni nge-Pavel Petrovich akanandaba Nokho, ngemva kunzima "uthando test" ngaphakathi ngobugebengu. Umbhali ugcizelela "unya", imicabango yabantu ezihlakaniphile lokhu iqhawe, futhi ubuhlobo phakathi zonke izingxenye ezakha izwe lakhe. Bazarov - a maximalist, okholelwa ukuthi intengo has iyiphi inkolelo, uma ingangqubuzani nabanye. Lapho nje lolu uhlamvu ukulahlekelwa "isixhumanisi" kweyodwa "uchungechunge" izwe - ziye baphinde bahlola kungafanele futhi esola bonke abanye. Esikhathini sokugcina, kuba "entsha" Bazarov, kuyinto "Hamlet" phakathi nihilists.