Yiziphi asteroyidi nalokho eyaziwayo ngabo?

Yiziphi asteroyidi? Into yokuqala Ngithanda ukusho ukuthi lo okuthiwa emizimbeni enamadwala okuqinile ukuthi ukuhambisa ngokusebenzisa omise solar elliptically ezime njengesitebhisi amaplanethi. Nokho, isikhala asteroyidi anosayizi mancane kakhulu kunalawo, eqinisweni, amaplanethi ngokwabo. ubukhulu wabo evamile mayelana amabanga ezilandelayo: kusuke emashumini ambalwa kwamamitha ezinkulungwaneni amakhilomitha.

Umangele lokho asteroyidi, futhi abantu abakwazanga ukusiza cabanga lapho kwavela igama elithi, ukuthi lisho ukuthini. Ehumusha ngokuthi "inkanyezi-like", futhi wamethula isazi sezinkanyezi XVIII leminyaka okuthiwa uWilliam Herschel.

Lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye asteroyidi lungabonakala njengoba imithombo iphuzu ukukhanya othile, ucishe elikhanyayo. Nakuba kule ebonakalayo ibanga ledatha zasemkhathini musa akhipha - kuphela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi siwela phezu kwakho. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila zihluke asteroyidi. Okokuqala - kuba ukubukeka kwabo ezahlukene. Comet kalula nge-nucleus elikhazimulayo nomsila ukuthi livela ke.

Iningi asteroyidi, aziwa izazi zezinkanyezi namuhla, ihamba phakathi umzila wenyanga Jupiter ne-Mars at ibanga cishe 2.2-3.2 futhi. e. (ie, amayunithi yezinkanyezi) kusukela elangeni. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi baye bathola asteroyidi angaba yizinkulungwane 20. Ababhaliswa kuwo amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela. Yiziphi asteroyidi kubhaliswa? Le ndikimba zasezulwini, inikezwa inamba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho amagama abo. omise yabo zenzelwe ngokunemba eliphezulu kakhulu. Kumele kuqapheleke futhi ukuthi lezi zasemkhathini ngokuvamile amagama ukuthi baye eyabiwe discoverers yabo. Amagama asteroyidi ukuthatha, ngokuvamile kusukela zamaGreki.

Sekukonke, kusukela definition ngenhla, kusobala ukuthi asteroyidi ezinjalo. Kodwa yini enye esivamile ngabo?

Ngenxa yalokho idatha okubonwa izindikimba zasezulwini ngokusebenzisa isibonakude kwatholakala i iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Ukukhanya inqwaba asteroyidi kungashintshwa, futhi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu - lokhu kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amahora ambalwa. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi hypothesized ukuthi lezi zinguquko e kokufiphala we asteroyidi ezihlobene nokusebenzelana Ukujikeleza yabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zibangelwa - ngowokuqala ngqa - Umumo wabo okungajwayelekile. Futhi izithombe lokuqala lapho lezi izinto ezisemkhathini (izithombe zithathwa ngosizo bathunjwa mkhathi), iqinisekise lo mbono, kodwa wabonisa lokhu okulandelayo: kobuso asteroyidi bemba ngokuphelele asemigodini ezijulile futhi imigodi yezintaba-mlilo letingemasayizi lahlukene.

Le nguzunga ngobukhulu wathola ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga, wake wacabanga ngokwenza a Ceres nendikimba ethile esemkhathini, okuyinto ngobukhulu 975 x 909 km. Kodwa kusukela ngo-2006 uye wathola isimo ezahlukene. Futhi waziwa ngokuthi iplanethi yemifino. Futhi enye elisemkhathini ezimbili ezinkulu (ngaphansi amagama uPallas futhi Vesta) kufanele ububanzi amakhilomitha 500! Kufanele wazi futhi kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo. Iqiniso ukuthi West - kuphela elisemkhathini ukuthi empeleni okuphawulwe ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama.