Ukungcola lithosphere

Umhlaba - indlu yethu ezivamile inkulu, okusho njalo ufuna ukubona enhle, kodwa namuhla, usengozini enkulu, kanti thina ukuba asolwe, abantu izinkathazo zakhe. Umuntu uye ngikholelwa ukuthi iplanethi ku nalezo aphila kuzo, - okuthembekile, angenamkhawulo futhi engachazeki nesandla esivulekile, kodwa ukuthi imisebenzi yabo kungadala ukungcola lithosphere ayikwazanga nokuyicabanga.

Namuhla, kuvamile sizibuze umbuzo kanjani ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha Earth thina. Lokhu ikakhulukazi waphawula nale minyaka eyishumi edlule, lapho umonakalo langempela okubangelwa isiba ubonakala nakakhulu.

Ngaphambili ke wacabanga ukuthi Umhlaba kuyoba ingashintshiwe hhayi omunye iminyaka eyinkulungwane, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva abantu babhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu njengoba ukungcola lithosphere. umbono Buhlungu ekhiqizwa babe zwe elake esivundile namuhla ngiphelelwa amandla futhi ongakulungele ezolimo.

lithosphere ukungcoliswa kuye kwaholela eqinisweni kuleyo ngxenye yezwe ngeke kakade asetshenziswa kwezolimo, njengoba ilahlekelwe ngokuphelele umkhiqizo. Namuhla, kula mazwe hlala cishe 1% womhlaba.

Manje isikhathi sethu kufanele ngokuthi "okungenamsoco impucuko." Ngaphambili inzalo ngofuzo amakhulu eminyaka kwesokunxele izinqaba noma esimweni okubi nolokubhujiswa inqaba, izindlalifa uzothola kithi entabeni ethwala imfucuza, ngokuvamile zanqwabelana namadlelo. It is abangelwa izenzo zabantu bengacabangeli isifiso sakhe enze inzuzo kumnyama kubomvu.

Izinto okubangela ukungcola lithosphere - okungukuthi, okokuqala kunakho konke, kwemfucumfucu yezimboni nendle yezolimo, ukwakhiwa engalawuliwe, izimayini enkulu omkhulu. Isintu irrecoverably ebhubhisa yini ngaye umthombo okokuziphilisa. izinkampane ezinkulu, hhayi mkhosi, akhishwe emhlabathini izinto radioactive, metal oxides futhi amakhemikhali anobuthi. Iqiniso ukuthi ukungcola lithosphere kungabangela enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo, okungabanga bikho kuso umuntu iphephile, abanesithakazelo esincane. Imiphumela yonke indawo manje oluqubuka empandleni ezingxenyeni ezahlukene Earth.

Kuyini nokwakheka lithosphere, esikwaziyo ngaye? Uma sihlola Ukwakheka amakhemikhali kwamadwala e ungqimba lomhlaba, enokwethenjelwa kungenziwa kuphela bahlulelwe ka 15-16 km ukujula. Kwenzekani ezijulile, ososayensi namuhla ezingazange wafunda kuze kube sekupheleni, futhi ngezenzakalo eziningi bangakwazi kuphela ukuqagela. Ubunzima itholakala lokuthi ukuthi lithosphere itholakala kuphela ucwaningo ngqo ezindaweni komhlaba.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukudida welithi "ungqimba lomhlaba" futhi "lithosphere", kodwa abawona ezifanayo, kodwa nje eduze ngokwanele ejiyile. Lithosphere - iyona phezulu, igobolondo eliqinile Zomhlaba. Siqukethe ephezulu amandla amatshe. Mayelana ukushuba wakhe namanje siphikise ososayensi, abanye abakubiza ngokuthi ibanga 30-40 km, kuyilapho abanye bacabange ukuthi 60-70 km.

Lithosphere isakhiwo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: koqweqwe, engxenyeni engenhla kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa, kanye ezihambayo endaweni noma ibhande eligoqiwe futhi platform esitebeleni. Uma sicabangela isimo sawo ngaphansi kolwandle futhi ngaphansi amazwekazi, kuba ngokuphongoza. Ngaphansi yokugcina siqukethe izingqimba: egwadle, le-basalt futhi sedimentary kuya ku-80 km aminyene, futhi ulwandle izakhi trace: dunite futhi harzburgites Uhlonze lwalo kulezi zindawo imayelana 5.10 km, futhi ungqimba egwadle nhlobo.

imisebenzi kwemvelo lithosphere: geodynamic, geochemical futhi Geophysical. Basuke wakubangela, okokuqala kunakho konke, ukuvela Umhlaba wethu. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa izinqubo zemvelo kanye yabantu, linikeza induduzo futhi, yebo, ukuphepha uhlalwe ngabantu Emhlabeni. Eyesibili neyesithathu - inkambu geochemical futhi Geophysical, okuyinto ngqo kuthinte isimo emphakathini eziphilayo futhi, yebo, imvelo komuntu.

UMhlaba kufana nomzimba womuntu, noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka okungafanele ziyoba nemiphumela okungahlosiwe, futhi balindele umuntu self-elawula imisebenzi kwemvelo lithosphere kuphela - kuyinto kokunganaki futhi short-ababonayo.