David Bohm: Biography, izithombe kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

physics Quantum Devid Bom negalelo elikhulu hhayi kuphela physics theory, kodwa futhi neuropsychology nefilosofi. Ukusebenza-Princeton University, Bom kakhulu ngenkuthalo wabambisana Albertom Eynshteynom, eyingoduso e -plasma-physics, quantum Mechanics, imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinsimbi, imfundiso yokuziphendukela izinhlayiya aphansi. Ngo-1951 uDavide Bohm wabhala umsebenzi esiningi emhlabeni yesayensi, kubhekwe isitatimende best of the incazelo Orthodox of quantum Mechanics.

Bom futhi Oppenheimer

Esikhathini emkhayeni wamaJuda abakwamanye amazwe abahlala e-United States, ngo-December 1917, umfana wazalwa ngubani ngokoqobo kusukela ezalwa waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola izwe, akumangalisi wonke ikwazi imibono yakhe. Sciences ngqo uDavide Bohm wayenesiphiwo ikakhulukazi, ukuthi kwatholakala ekuseni kakhulu. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ekolishi ePennsylvania, ngo-1939, kungakapheli neminyaka emine kamuva, waba Doctor of Science e Physics. Wavikela degree of David Bohm has-University of California. Njengoba umfundi, ngaba nengxenye ngesasasa elikhulu engxoxweni embuthanweni, eyayiholwa omunye le "obaba" we ngebhomu le-athomu, Robert Oppenheimer, lapho bexoxa inkinga, kude edukisayo physics theory.

Izinyathelo sokuqala okutholakele esizayo uDavide Bohm, ogama izincwadi zihlanganisa izinkinga eziningi zefilosofi, wayenze kakade. Yayithanda uxhumano wazo zonke izinto, kungakhathaliseki, ingqondo - zonke izinto ezingeke hhayi uthinte physics njengoba isayensi. Kuze 1947 David Bohm, physics, wafunda e-University of Berkeley (California) plasma ithiyori Synchrocyclotron synchrotron. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umsebenzi wakhe umnikelo ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane ibhomu le-athomu Oppenheimer. Yena ngokwakhe, njengoba nje nendodana kwabokufika Hungarian kanye abakwamanye amazwe Latvian nephrojekthi Yiqiniso, akazange avunyelwe, wamangalelwa ngokuthi "sokungathembeki". Ukuze iqiniso, emsebenzini onjalo imfihlo kuwo wonke amazwe avumele abantu hhayi ithalente kodwa nokwethembeka.

Bohm futhi Einstein

Ngo-1947, ngemva hambisa, futhi umsebenzi omusha (likaprofesa e-Princeton University) yaqala ukucabanga uDavide Bohm amabhuku ukuthi kwakudingeka babhale. Kusenjalo-ke waqala nokubambisana ezintweni ezenziwa ubuhlakani Albertom Eynshteynom ngubani bayajabula kakhulu Bohm. Ngo-1951, wayejabule encwadini yokuqala ozakwabo akhuluma ngalo 'njengeliphezulu genius.

Nokho, umlobi uDavid Bohm, ingxoxo inkosi eyaziswa kakhulu, kahle kuhunyushwa ephenywa ngemibuzo yakhe. Kakade ekupheleni le Bom wayengaqiniseki ukuthi lomsebenzi ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ashicilele incwadi. Nokho, akekho noyedwa Einstein, wonke choir physics abangane athonya kumbhali ukushesha ngoba "Quantum Theory" okwamanje has a setfulo kangcono ka quantum Mechanics. Incwadi ephuma wadala furor emhlabeni yesayensi. Kodwa uDavide Bohm uhlaziye bonke wokwelashwa kwazo kokuqala, futhi ngemva ncwadi ezihlokweni eziningi wanezela. "Incazelo esiyimbangela ye quantum Mechanics" - okubizwa ngokuthi ngokuhumusha okusha inkinga ngokwesayensi.

izinhlelo quantum

Osebenza nabo ngokuthi Bohm wanyathelisa ukubonakaliswa theory sale Imininingwane, cishe inkolelo ezingaqondakali e ithuba zomhlaba kuyamangalisa, ibe yonke ngokoqobo. Lo mbono ezijulile ukuze ukuxazulula zonke izimpikiswano ezaphakanyiswa ke wasebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe Devid Bom. Holographic Universe, njengoba umbono, uye aconsa kusukela ichopho ngepeni bakhe kuyinto ngenxa kuveza bezikhali quantum.

Orthodox quantum theory manje Bohm kubhekwa akuphelele, wasenqaba indeterminacy yayo, zikwenze uzitshele ukuthi kuyizinhlayiyana ngayinye kanye motion yayo indlela uzimisele kuphela hhayi kakhulu imithetho elula physics, basuke kulawulwa ulwazi lwamanje asebenzayo ngemvelo izinhlayiya kuze emhlabeni wonke jikelele.

ezingaba quantum

Lo msebenzi eduze waqala kuphela 70s, ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, kodwa ososayensi ezifana Bom Devid, umqondo holographic wendawo yonke ayikwazanga nalolwakheke kahle. Isikhathi ngokwayo zidinga lolu lwazi. Njengoba radar uqhuba umkhumbi olwandle olunesivunguvungu olungenamkhawulo, futhi kuyizinhlayiyana ngamunye hhayi nje "igagasi yonke," konke ukunyakaza kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho izindawo ezingaba quantum, kunokuba ibanga kanye isikhathi eside isikhathi, yonke into ithatha ubudlelwane quantum izinhlelo.

Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa lo mbono waba isingeniso sokuqala kolwazi phakathi kakhulu ithiyori ngokomzimba ukujula, futhi manje imisebenzi theory uDavide Bohm iyona postulate yokusebenzisa ikhompyutha quantum kanye nokwaziswa. Kukhona amathuba ezihlukahlukene nekucabangela ngisho ezibonakala delirious kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kukhona amazinga ezicashile engokoqobo? Futhi kule score at Boma theory - quantum, eziguquguqukayo nonlocal kufihlwe. Uye ebhaliwe amaphepha eziningana eziphathelene nale ndaba, lapho kamuva kwaholela ukuhlola umcabango kuxoxwa namuhla: i-Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen indida nokungalingani Bell sika.

inqubomgomo

Njengobe lelicembu mfundi, ogama ilungu kwaba Bohm, wahlanganyela hhayi kuphela kwi-physics, kodwa futhi ngemibono yefilosofi, kuhlanganise lamakhomanisi, abangane bakhe kanye nozakwabo baboshwa ngalo lolo suku ill-fated. Ngaya ngo-1950, kudlangile kakhulu McCarthyism e-United States. UDavide wahlushwa zabulawa, kodwa sibambene ozakwabo zakhe wenqaba ukunikeza ubufakazi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wadedelwa ejele nge ukuxoshwa esisemthethweni wonke amacala, Princeton University akazange ukuvuselela inkontileka yakhe. Ngisho Einstein izicelo esiphuthumayo, babheke phambili ngokubambisana phambili Bohm, ayiphumelelanga. Ukuphatha inyuvesi awuhambanga ukuhlangabezana ngisho nososayensi ekhaliphile. Esikhathini esithile Bohm wasebenza e-Brazil, ke kwa-Israyeli, lapho ahlangana khona noSara Wolfson, umkakhe.

nezici ezintsha

Haifa saba indawo yisakhiwo sodumo ujabulile Bohm. Amabili abafundi bakhe, ithatha ubuntu elikhanyayo babe ozakwabo, futhi nabo benziwa okwatholwa amazing kakhulu emkhakheni quantum physics. Lezi amagama yonke indawo okukhulunywa kanye egameni likaDavide Bohm - uGideyoni noKarmi futhi Yakir Aharonov. Ngo-1957, uMnyango Bristol (UK) iye ayinikezwa, futhi Bohm bavumelana.

Kwakulapho, no-Aroni wavula "Aharonov-Bohm umphumela" ku ikhono electron ukuzizwa amandla kazibuthe, ngisho lapho kwakungeyona. 1961 th Bohm wenza Uprofesa e-physics theory. Lokhu kakade kwenzekile ezithile ukuphakama ezingeni isayensi Birkbeck College (University of London). Kube Bohm wasebenza kuze kuba uthatha umhlalaphansi, okungukuthi, kwaze kwaba ngo-1984.

Physics ne Philosophy

Sekuyisikhathi eside isikhathi lapho Bohm yayisibona isidingo ukuletha ndawonye lezi ukubukwa zezwe ezimbili. Ngo-1959, kwenzeka ukufunda umsebenzi omunye sefilosofi Indian futhi ukufana imibono yabo izinto eziningi layiqhaqhazelisa. Kodwa umfutho enkulu ekutadisheni ubudlelwane wefilosofi physics wanikeza izinkulumo Krishnamurti noDavide Bohm, okuyiwona yesibili ngokuphindaphindiwe ngimangaliswe khona kufana ngezindlela eziningi nokwethu ngakho embonweni ka emhlabeni kubantu ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Ubungane babo iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ikota. Ngenhlanhla esintwini, ingxoxo yabantu ababili bayiziphukuphuku kungukuthi Ngishoné lwanyamalala, futhi iye yathela izithelo. Kwakumelwe izincwadi: «Science, oda nokulandelela Ukudala», «I Ending Lesikhathi», «yokuphelela kanye Implicate Order».

Ukuhunyushwa quantum Mechanics bekasebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kuDavide Bohm, uphaka ukubaluleka kwaba ukuthuthukiswa imodeli holographic we okuphathelene nokwakheka kwendawo yonke futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela "holomovement" (holomovement), futhi lezi zimiso ezimbili kukhona igcwele izibopho kakhudlwana futhi enamandla xaxa. Ngokusho kwabo, yonke ingxenye yezwe emkhathini nesikhathi uyaziphinda e ngokuphelele konke okusemzini yonke, ne iinthombe hhayi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa futhi esizayo futhi esikhathini esidlule. Okungukuthi, ingxenye ngayinye inokwaziswa mayelana lonke into. Ukutadisha cell kungaba yonke. Lo mbono - hhayi ezinkulu, ngoba umqondo wegama elithi "yini ngezansi, bese phezulu" Bacon esithuthuke kabanzana futhi kamuva, Roerich futhi Blavatsky, Nokho - osendaweni wefilosofi. Kodwa yokuphelela jikelele nokuhleleka ezifihliwe Devid Bom uye wagomela ngosizo physics.

ngemva

Sezinzwa Karl Pribram of America isebenzise imicabango Bohm, okwenza imodeli holographic zobuchopho, futhi wayephendukele phandle. A physics kusukela Netherlands umklomelo kaNobel Gerart Hooft emisebenzini yakhe wacasulwa ukuthuthukiswa yonke holographic, umlobi zazo NguDavide Bohm, akusebenzise inani le kuyizinhlayiyana eye yamsiza ukuba ukuxazulula yezinkinga zisetshenziswa physics - ukuhlinzeka izibikezelo ezinengqondo futhi izibalo elungile inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ekuxhumaneni electroweak ngoba ubunye disparate, phezu Uma uthi nhlá, amasimu ukuthi kukhona kwi-universe.

Wabuye washayelwa isimiso holographic, owawuthi zonke ulwazi ngendawo ethile kungenziwa umelwe yakho uyiqhamukela ngasohlangothini, futhi sacabanga - futhi isici jikelele lokusungula njengoba kushiwo, futhi uDavide Bohm. Ubuqotho oda ezifihliwe - ukuthi lo mbono futhi zakhexa imilomo abalandeli bayo Bohm. It wayeyindoda ezithakazelisayo, okuyinto eyaba nomthelela kakhuul phezu ukuxhumana zamasiko. Wakhe privechali ngokulangazela uDalai Lama kanye nabaholi North wamaNdiya aseMelika, wayengumuntu umqondo ngobubanzi okuningi kuka usosayensi nje. Ngo-1990, waze ikhokhwe ubulungu yi-Royal Society. Futhi ngo-1992, eneminyaka engu-semidesyatichetyrohletnem, uDavide Bohm ubuhlungu enhliziyweni wabulawa yisifo sokuwa. wesandla Kugcine wasala edeskini lakhe. Lalibizwa ngokuthi: "The yedwa Yonke Endaweni Yonke". incazelo Ontological theory quantum wakwazi ukuqeda uDavide Bohm. Ubuqotho yonke kwaphinda kwenzeka esikhathini ubuqotho ubuntu yendoda.

"Umbono osangene '

Umqondo ubunjalo luyakhohlisa we jikelele, okwakunginika emhlabeni uDavide Bohm, ukhuluma zesayensi nezefilosofi asishiywa kuze kube yilolu suku. Isiphetho kusukela kule kwesisekelo kwenziwa oschelomlyayuschee ngokuphelele: ngokoqobo umgomo alikho, naphezu kwabantu okusobala ke, ngaso enhliziyweni yakhe yonke - kahle yakho uyiqhamukela ngasohlangothini enemininingwane, a phantom giant. Uyini yakho uyiqhamukela ngasohlangothini? Lokhu isithombe ngakuthathu, ukulayisha laser imishayo. Indlela lokhu kwenziwa, wonke umuntu uyazi namuhla.

Izithombe is zikhanyiswa ugodo laser, kanti owesibili, ngaphezu ukukhanya kubonakala ekubeni izithombe, inika alternation oluthile maxima futhi minima wale misebe, ukuthi, isithombe ukuphazamiseka, it is kahle zigxilé ifilimu. Lapho amehlo ewela isithombe, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda noma yini - kuso imigqa interbedded amnyama nokukhanya, nhlobo umuzwa. Nokho, oqondiswe komunye ugongolo laser, umfanekiso ngakuthathu kukhonjiswa ngokushesha, futhi kuzoba into efanayo yasekuqaleni. Yilokho ngakho samtshela uDavide Bohm - I Holographic Universe, iqiniso liwukuthi luyakhohlisa. Ngemva kwalokho, le ncwadi futhi okuthiwa Maykl Talbot - "Holographic Yonke Endaweni Yonke".

nezinye izakhiwo

Futhi lokhu akuyona nje impahla emangalisayo - emithathu dimensionality. Hologram esingokwemvelo nokunye okuningi. Ngokwesibonelo, ahlukaniswe yakho uyiqhamukela ngasohlangothini isigamu iyiphi into zikhanyiswa laser, uvumela wonke isithombe kwesigamu ngendaba efanayo ngamunye, sinye. Futhi lokhu iziqephu ungaqhubeka. Ngisho ucezu ezincane kunazo zonke into itholiwe. Okungukuthi, ingxenye yakho uyiqhamukela ngasohlangothini ngamunye unomthwalo ulwazi mayelana nazo zonke ngendaba, nge ukunciphisa ezilinganiselwe e nokucija.

Isimiso oyinhloko yakho uyiqhamukela ngasohlangothini siwukuthi yonke yingxenye yalo lonke has konke ndawonye. It ikuvumela ukuba ehlukile aphathe inhlangano nokuhleleka. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela igagasi umshayeli, ngazalelwa ngo-1927 ngokusebenzisa Lui De Broglie - isibonelo wokuqala lokwehlukile kufihlwe. Rethinking futhi 'basole "mbono, kungenzeka ukuqonda uhlanya kakhulu iqiniso, njengoba kwenza uDavide Bohm. "Umshayeli wendiza-wave" Kwalethwa wachaza imiqondo ezifana Okufike kudide nge- cat Schrödinger sika futhi nciphisa osheshayo umsebenzi wave.

Physics kanye ne-mathematics

Cishe zonke nekuhumusha quantum Mechanics usebenzisa icala zezibalo, isekelwa yi-ubufakazi zokuhlola. Ngisho noma ephazanyiswa Einstein postulate (umkhawulo isivinini ilingana ijubane lokukhanya), ngandlela-thile-electron wazi konke mayelana nomunye, zingabantu amamilimitha angu eziyishumi noma parsecs eziyishumi ngaphandle. kuyizinhlayiyana ngayinye Liyindawo wayazi ukuthi ziyini lezi ezinye yenzani. Alixhumani, cha. Hhayi basebenzisane. isignali Hhayi engaqondakali. Nje segmentation luyakhohlisa yabo. Yilokho wazama ukuchaza emhlabeni uDavide Bohm: umkhathi holographic, holographic.

Ngaso nje ezinye ezingeni ngokoqobo, mhlawumbe ezijulile, lalezi zinhlobo - izinto hhayi umuntu, kodwa eqinisweni isihloko ukunwetshwa lusemqoka kakhulu. Kukhona ezingeni engokoqobo, sitheza us, ubukhulu emikhulu. I izinhlayiya akuzona ezingxenyeni ezihlukene, zingabantu ubuso. Unity ongabonakali futhi holographic, zonke ngokoqobo ngokomzimba liqukethe Phantoms, futhi sigcine endaweni yonke - nje lelivakalako. Ngokuqinisekile futhi empeleni ayikho. Yini ithwala ngempela yakho uyiqhamukela ngasohlangothini jikelele - akekho owaziyo. Ngokwesibonelo, matrix lapho kuvela konke kuleli zwe, futhi iqukethe wonke izinhlayiya aphansi, ukuze ungeze yini - kusuka eqhwa ukuba quasars, kusukela gamma ray ukuze babone ukuthi amahlengethwa okwesibhakabhaka. Kungenzeka ukuthi holographic - nje ezingeni zomhlaba, omunye izinyathelo kwemvelo jikelele.

Yini isikhathi

Ngokwemvelo, abantu bafisa. Bona "esinomuzwa" wokuthi bonke hlobo luyakhohlisa amathuluzi. Ngobuciko isibonakude okudonsa ku Hannover, ngifuna amagagasi okudonsa nezinye iyehla iyenyuka isikhala-isikhathi kubangelwa supermassive isikhala izinto. Ngandlela-thile, akukho igagasi elilodwa ayitholakalanga. Nokho, imbangela wathola: imisindo abangayiqondi elungisa umtshina, ezisukela ezingamakhulu amathathu ukuba neshumi nanhlanu kuya kwangu, okuyinto, ngokwemvelo, wakwenza asebenze. Umthombo umsindo alutholakalanga, uma igama Fermi Laboratory hhayi utshelwa.

Kwakudingekile ukuba sicabangele isimiso holographic, kulandela okuyinto Spacetime akuyona okuqhubekayo, kuba iqoqo micro-watersheds, a zornyshek uhlobo, Spacetime quantum. Tinsita e Hanover olunembile ukuze kutholakala ukuguquguquka cleaner ukuthi kwenzeke ngesikhathi isikhala umngcele imisebe. Telescope, akhubeke phezu komkhawulo isikhala-isikhathi wathatha lo mkhawulo eyisisekelo umsindo. Kuze kube manje, ukubala sihambisana izinkomba kwesibonakude umtshina. Umhlaba on the esengozini ukuvulwa, ngaphezu grand. Thina, futhi zonke elisizungezile - inkohliso ...