Yini kungaba ezingeni yenhlangano zokuphila?

Ukuphila ikhaya lethu iplanethi imelelwa i anhlobonhlobo kakhulu izidalwa ezahlukene. Izici eyinqaba kubo, zinqunywa zibe ziningana izici - degree of ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, zezemvelo, nokunye. izakhiwo ezintathu eziyisisekelo nobuntu yimuphi udaba eziphilayo, kukhona exchange of izinto namandla nge yonke imvelo (lena izimpawu eziyinhloko zonke izinto eziphilayo), e ukucasuka (ie, ikhono nokusabela ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle) nokukhiqizwa (ukudlala bohlobo lwazo). Amazinga yenhlangano wokuphila, biology, okuyinto ocebile kakhulu emhlabeni - kuyinto a phezulu isakhiwo ihlelwe biosystems. Iziphathimandla kule ndawo avame ukuba zakhelwe phezu kwesimiso yinkimbinkimbi isakhiwo eziphilayo. Ngokuvamile, izazi zezinto eziphilayo izigaba eziyisikhombisa ekuthuthukiseni zokuphila: Yamamolekhula Ufuzo, kulandele emangqamuzaneni, izicubu ezingeni, sitho, zentuthuko (ngamanye amagama - organismal), labantu-zilwane, ecosystem kanye nephasi loke. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Amazinga yenhlangano lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni

Yamamolekhula zofuzo. Lesi sendlalelo siqukethe izinhlayiya ezincane kunazo of udaba eziphilayo, ezihlukahlukene macromolecules: acid nucleic, ama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Lapha bazalwa izinqubo ezibalulekile kakhulu eziphilayo, ezifana ukuyiqonda nokuyikhumbula yokudlulisa ulwazi ngofuzo, umzimba, ukugaya, energy conversion, nokunye.

Cellular eziphilayo Inhlangano. Ingqamuzana iyunithi kwesakhiwo futhi zisebenza kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezenzeka, ziyisisekelo zonke ekuphileni.

Izicubu ezingeni. Ingabe iqoqo cell, ezifanayo imvelaphi, isakhiwo, kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ketshezi intercellular.

Isitho eziphilayo Inhlangano. Noma yimuphi umzimba uhlobo ecezile umzimba kokuba predetermined ukuma, indawo, isakhiwo, futhi enza umsebenzi othile.

ezingeni Organismal (noma zentuthuko). Umzimba kuyinto ephelele unicellular noma amaningi uhlelo ephilayo, uyakwazi ukusebenza izimele, nokugcina izinqubo homeostatic. Umzimba - isethi ngaphambilini we sebuningini amaseli, izicubu kanye izitho.

Population (noma zinhlobo) eziphilayo Inhlangano. Buka iqoqo abantu afana e isakhiwo komunye nomunye futhi banendabuko efanayo. Abantu abanjalo ngokukhululekile hybridize nomunye, enikeza isithelo nenzalo iphila. Ngesikhathi inani labantu (s) ezingeni inqubo speciation, eliqhutshwa izinqubo kwemvelo.

Ecosystem (noma biogeocenotic). Biogeocoenosis elibizwa ngokomlando athuthukile setha eziphilayo zinhlobo ezahlukene ukuthi basebenzisane ezahlukahlukene zemvelo kule ndawo efanayo.

Global (Biosphere) eziphilayo Inhlangano. Biosphere - lihlelo ophambili lumboza zonke izenzakalo futhi izinqubo zokuphila hydrosphere, lithosphere nasemkhathini, kanye ndawonye konke kwemvelo ngendlela eziyinkimbinkimbi olulodwa. Ezingeni le uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli exhunywe kwi zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.