Yensimbi amaphilisi ngesikhathi i-hemoglobin ongaphakeme e abadala: ukubuyekeza, yokusetshenziswa futhi impendulo

Ukungabi yensimbi emzimbeni yomuntu kungabangela izinkinga eziningi. izidakamizwa yesimanje -hemoglobin ongaphakeme kuzosiza ugcwalise esibalulekile esitokisini.

Kuyini anaemia

Lesi simo libhekene nenkinga yezinga eliphansi e-hemoglobin izakhiwo. Ukuthuthukisa kwegazi, lapho supply umoya-mpilo ezicutshini liwohloka amaseli. Kunemithi ukwandisa elithwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni womuntu.

Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana izimo anemiya lapho kukhona ukuntuleka amaprotheni, yensimbi compounds noma cyanocobalamin.
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu i yensimbi ukuntula anaemia kubhekwa, okubangelwa lokungafani ziphoqa bese uthola Fe-ion.

Zikhona amazinga ezimbili zalesi sifo:

1. yokuntuleka esicashile yensimbi lapho hemoglobin encishisiwe kanye lokuhlala ferritin, futhi okuqukethwe transferrin, kungekho izimpawu zokwelashwa Fe ukuntula.
2. Empeleni izimo anemiya ezinezici esobala yokuswelakala kwensimbi kwezitho wesintu, lapho kukhona kumiswa ukwephula i-hemoglobin-molecule.

Inani yensimbi emzimbeni

Kubalulekile element womuntu. Mayelana 70% we ketshezi likhona e-hemoglobin. izitho zangaphakathi angeke synthesize athomu okusansimbi, zinikelwe kuphela ukudla.

I-hemoglobin amaprotheni sibopha izinhlayiya zomoya-mpilo kumaseli erythrocytic.

Ezinganele okuqukethwe yensimbi kubangela i-oksijini indlala. Ukuncishiswa ukuthi kwehliswe-hemoglobin izidakamizwa nemithi, aqukethe Fe-ion.

Isakhiwo elithwala umoya-mpilo

Sakhiwo hemoglobin iqukethe ezine i-heme-aqukethe amaprotheni subunits. Protomers kwenzeka phakathi kwakwakhe hydrophobic, ionic, i-hydrogen-uhlobo on ngesisekelo aphelele.

Ukwakheka heme samanje divalent ion sensimbi, okuyinto ifakwe iqembu zokufakelwa.

Izimpawu ze-anaemia

yensimbi amaphilisi ngesikhathi i-hemoglobin ongaphakeme e abadala engabelwe hypotension, pallor, elele emithanjeni, ubuthakathaka, ukozela, isiyezi, kwehle ukusebenza, palpitations, iphika.

Isizathu ukuthatha imithi ushintsho isikhumba nge ukoma ngokweqile, uyaxebuka. I ipuleti nail iba striated nokukhumuzeka, futhi izinwele akuyona amandla anele, kuyinto ukulahlekelwa kwabo nesigaba. Iron ukuntula bungabonakala ukufiphala ukuma ukunambitheka izintandokazi.

Ngo izifundo laboratory, umngcele ephansi egazini-hemoglobin evamile ukuba 130 amagremu ilitha ingeyomzimba besilisa, kanye amagremu 120 ilitha ukuthungatha insikazi.

degree Khanyisa anemiya ka Hb liyinani, okuyinto mkhulu kuka-90 grams ilitha kodwa esingaphansi 110 amagremu ilitha, ngokulinganisela ngeke Hb Inkomba 70 kuya kwangu-90 amagremu ilitha, futhi ezinzima Hb ezingeni esingaphansi 70 amagremu ilitha.

Izici lakhetsiwe nemithi

Ukuqeda anemiya udokotela yensimbi ukuntula ukhetha izidakamizwa ukuthi ukwandisa i-hemoglobin, esekelwe izici umzimba yensimbi ion nokwenziwa izici, ukwakheka kanye ukuma umthamo.

It yasungulwa ukuthi nokuphathwa intramuscularly izidakamizwa kunikeza yi nakakhulu kunangesikhathi ngomlomo iqondiswa amafomu ithebhulethi. Lokhu kuchazwe ngendlela nokwenziwa kwensimbi ion, oqala esiswini. Ngo indlela yokuqala, abaphathi kwenzeka ukusabela ezingafuneki.

yensimbi amalungiselelo nge-hemoglobin ongaphakeme e abadala kufanele zimumethe okuqukethwe elikhulu timphawu njengoba injalo emsulwa, okuyinto zokhahlamba kusuka 80 kuya 160 mg. Okunjalo equivalent lemali 320 mg sulphate, kwanele ukukhiqiza wayefisa nomphumela oqabulayo. Ukusuka kusukela umthamo ekhethiwe noma ukuqedwa zomuthi kuzokwenza imiphumela okungafunwa.

Isimo obalulekile ekwelapheni efanele kuyinto ukuhambisana ubuqotho amaphilisi edilini lomshado. It is hhayi baba imilutha ye, futhi kugwinywe ngokushesha ngamanzi. Ngokuvamile ketshezi imithi yensimbi phansi kunabaphostoli ithebhulethi uhlobo nekghono.

Inxanxathela amavithamini namaminerali amalungiselelo akuzona ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalolu ngokugcwele ngenxa yokuntuleka element emzimbeni ngenxa nokuqukethwe kwalo ongaphakeme.

Ephephile ezibhekwa encapsulated futhi camera imikhiqizo yensimbi ukwandisa elithwala umoya-mpilo. umumo okunjalo kuvimbela epithelium mucosal ka ipheshana wokugaya ukudla kusukela imiphumela emibi yemithi.

Imithi ye-anaemia

Kuye uhlobo anaemia usebenzisa imithi ehlukahlukene. Lezi kungaba ejenti equkethe okusansimbi noma amavithamini ketshezi uhlobo cyanocobalamin, i-folic futhi ascorbic acid, i-alpha-tokoferrola, riboflavin noma pyridoxine.

Lapho aplastic ifomu isifo wasebenzisa izidakamizwa glucocorticosteroid, ukuthaka imithi ngendlela esekelwe ama steroid, androgens, cytostatics.
Imithi nge-erythropoietin ahloselwe ukukhuthazwa hematopoiesis kanye nokwenyuka kwenani elithwala umoya-mpilo.

amathuluzi Iron

Basuke ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukwelapha isimo anemiya. Ukuze leli qembu kuhlanganisa amalungiselelo yensimbi ukuthuthukisa i-hemoglobin ongaphakeme. Ngokuvamile kuba nosawoti nemithi, okuyinto esikuthola kahle ogangeni emathunjini ngoba ukuqala okwalandela okuphathelene nokwakheka kwendawo heme. Kumiswa-hemoglobin kubangela ngcono umoya-mpilo ezokuthutha.

Kunemithi ne ezintathu noma yensimbi ayoni. Ukuze uthuthukise ukutholakala ngowokuqala ifomu acid kwakwakhe kudingeka ukuvumela Fe ²⁺ ion kuthiwa uyiswa umnkantsha. ukumuncwa yensimbi nge Valence II luphakanyiswa bedle ascorbic acid esihlinzeka ukudluliswa ion bese ibhekelela ku nokwakheka heme.

Ngokombono bokuphila buka, ithebhulethi amalungiselelo izilimi ezifunwa ngabasebenzi. ekuphathweni Parenteral ka izidakamizwa esetshenziswa umzimba ilungu ukugcwaliswa okusheshayo lapho kukhona zokugula emathunjini kanye nokwelashwa intuthuko amafomu okuqinile.

imithamo High izidakamizwa esetshenziswa ukwenziwa evamile amagugu elithwala umoya-mpilo, bese sithathe umthamo yesondlo. Inani Unciphise izidakamizwa eyenziwa anaemia zokuvimbela.

Imithi kanye divalent yensimbi

Abantu igazi ngokuvamile ibuzwe kudokotela umbuzo mayelana nalokho ukwandisa elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Ahamba kahle amalungiselelo kukhona sulfate nge mzimba. Kwakamuva neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ukugayeka nokutholakala.

Iningi evame ukusetshenziswa imithi "Sorbifer Durules", ukubunjwa yayo samanje yensimbi sulfate ayoni futhi C-Vitamin.

Enye indlela common "Tardiferron" amaphilisi lapho ascorbic acid esikhundleni folic. Phuza umuthi ekuseni ntambama, imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokudla. Tablets kufanele wageza phansi 200 ml amanzi.

Esebenzisa capsule ukwakhiwa zihlanganisa:

• "Ferrofolgamma" nge divalent yensimbi sulfate, cyanocobalamin, vitamin C
• "Ferretab" nge fumarate futhi i-folic acid.
• "Fenyuls" nge FeSO _4, B9, B5, C, B2 , B6 amavithamini.

Nomuthi "Aktiferrin" ngesimo amaphilisi, amaconsi futhi isiraphu uswidi anaemia ezinganeni.

izidakamizwa Akubizi ukwandisa-hemoglobin "Hematogen" ukubunjwa yayo has amaprotheni-albumin futhi FeSO _4.

"Totem" izidakamizwa e isixazululo equkethe yensimbi (II) gluconate, ithusi, manganese.

I dragees "Prolongatum gemofer" Fe sulphate samanje.

Imithi nensimbi ferric

Lezi zihlanganisa izidakamizwa ukwandisa elithwala umoya-mpilo egazini. Uhlolojikelele kwezidakamizwa kuleli qembu ukunquma ifomu umthamo kanye isici izithako ezisebenzayo imali ngenxa kusukela igazi.

I ukuthaka imithi ngendlela kanye metal esebenzayo yensimbi ferric likhona njengoba polimaltozata hydroxide. Ngakho ukwakheka has:

• izidakamizwa "Maltofer", okuyinto kuveza ngesimo isiraphu, umjovo, kanye amaphilisi.
• imithi "Fenyuls", ekhiqizwa amaconsi futhi isiraphu.
• kusho "Ferrum lek" - amaphilisi, isiraphu, futhi isixazululo nemijovo.

I nomuthi "Biofer" polimaltozata hydroxide kwalokho, siqukethe i-folic acid. Itholakala ifomu tablet.

Ngo isakhiwo lesi sidakamizwa "Ferlatum" isixazululo isithako esebenzayo succinate amaprotheni.

Intramuscularly iqondiswa amalungiselelo yensimbi nge-hemoglobin ongaphakeme e abadala, uma kukhona izinkomba ezithile. Basuke izimpawu ukumuncwa esincishisiwe yensimbi ion in the ipheshana emathunjini ku pathologies ezehlukene okungalapheki uhlobo enteritis, pancreatitis okungamahlalakhona, i enganele nokwenziwa syndrome.

nemithi Parenteral kufanele kwenziwe i okubi kakhulu izilonda ku duodenum noma esiswini, izilonda emathunjini, hypersensitivity ngabanye ukuba kuhlanganisa ngensimbi, nokususa ingxenye esiswini noma emathunjini amancane.

Ukuze uthole okusheshayo ukugcwaliswa metal umzimba izicubu wonkana ukopha, ngaphambi imisebenzi exhunywe ne hemorrhoids, impatho fibromioticheskih zokwakheka kanye nezinye pathologies, esimisiwe ukwethulwa izidakamizwa ku imisipha. Inani lezakhi zensimbi izidakamizwa esetshenziswa ukulapha umjovo, kumele singeqi 100 mg ngosuku. Kwanele bazogcwalisa ngokugcwele transferrin molecule ngokuvumelana metal.
Ngesimo izixazululo nemijovo, izidakamizwa ukukhululwa "Venofer", "Argeferr", "Likferr", "Kosmofer".

ukusabela ezingezinhle ekwelapheni

yensimbi amalungiselelo nge-hemoglobin ongaphakeme e abadala bangase avuse emibi, okuyinto zibangelwa nozwela isiguli ngasinye futhi ngesimo nomuthi.

Amanye amathuluzi kungabangela zonke izinhlobo izinqubo, ubunjalo ezibangelwa nokubandlululwa isithako esebenzayo.

I mucosa we wokugaya ukudla uhlelo izitho kuthiwa abakucasulayo umphumela ejenti equkethe yensimbi kodwa hhayi imbozwe emgodleni zokuzivikela. Kulesi simo, ubhekana izimpawu zobuhlungu esifundeni epigastric, kanye nobunzima lokuchitha ikholoni.

Ukuthola i-tablet futhi amalungiselelo ketshezi kubangele ukuhwalala on the amazinyo koqweqwe lwawo.

indlela intravenous kokusebenzisa izixazululo kuphakamisa isimo thrombophlebitis, lapho lezi zitsha avuvukele endaweni Umjovo.

Umthelela yokwelapha

yensimbi amaphilisi ngesikhathi i-hemoglobin ongaphakeme e abadala baqala nomthelela amasonto amathathu kuphela ngemva kokuthola izidakamizwa, lapho kukhona kabusha elincane Hb. Ukuphumelela pharmacotherapeutic umphumela izidakamizwa kubhekwa omuhle lapho evamile-hemoglobin amagugu izinsuku ezingu-60. Ngemva Isikali is kushintshwe ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa yesondlo.

Ekwelapheni yensimbi ukuntula anaemia iziguli iphathwa parallel imithi edonsa ukudla isitshalo, ayo, okuyinto zikhona esiningi Vitamin izinto. Ukuze nokuvulwa umzimba kufanele benze amaprotheni ne imikhiqizo yobisi inyama.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu - isidakamizwa oluthandwa ukwelapha isifo sokulahlekelwa igazi kufanele ukubhekana udokotela ekwelapheni. Self ngeke kube ngcono uma kunesidingo, kodwa ngeke baxabane engadingeki babhebhethekise isifo.