Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve. Yaroslavl State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve

Lidonsa abahambi abaningi namuhla Yaroslavl. Kokubona, incazelo zazo zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi Incwajana yezivakashi ziyamjabulisa izivakashi iso futhi bendawo ngokufanayo. On omunye wabo sizobe ukukhuluma namuhla.

Abavakashi ukubukwa izindawo Yaroslavl, nje akakwazi ukuba ukuqaphela isimo Cathedral, isenkabeni yedolobha.

Futhi ngezinye izikhathi kukumangaze ukwazi ukuthi isakhiwo ingeyona esontweni Museum. Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve - omunye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu amasiko emzini ka Yaroslavl. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yizivakashi. It is wavakashela ngonyaka wawo kungathi izinkulungwame 600. Man. Igama eligcwele le Museum, ngenhlanhla akulula: "Yaroslavl State Historical-Architectural and Art Museum-Reserve."

incazelo emfushane

Le sayithi kwamasiko kusukela 1959 Itholakala enkabeni yedolobha, esakhiweni ngaphambilini elalihlala noMsindisi-isimo Monastery, okuyinto saqedwa ngo 1787. Ukuthabela umlando onothileko zemibhalo yesandla imifanekiso, izinto zesonto kanye izindwangu eziyigugu, kanye nemisebenzi yobuciko lasendulo okungewakho Museum. On insimu yalo iyona nesakhiwo sikaMasipala ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16 futhi iyona uyasinda endala eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kuyinto isimo Cathedral. Museum sihlanganisa amasonto 6 ukuthi kukhona ezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke yobuciko kanye izakhiwo kwekhulu le-17.

umlando Museum

Ngo-1865, abangu-12 (25) Ngo-January, ke wavulwa yiNhlangano, esidalelwe cwaningo yemvelo-komlando isifundazwe (igama eligcwele udaba lwakhe ngeke), Museum kuqala. Umsunguli wawo kwaba Petrovskiy Andrey Stanislavovich, uprofesa womlando zemvelo. Society 1901 uqambe kabusha emlandweni zemvelo, futhi kwasungulwa iqoqo elikhulu entomological ngemva kwalokho. Natural History Museum kuyinto ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, omunye iminyuziyamu esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia, etholakala kulesi sifundazwe.

Ngo-1895 ezidalwe Drevnehranilische. Kwakuyisikhathi Museum mlando, ogama mission - ukuvikelwa nokutadisha ifa zamasiko nezomlando yesifunda. iqoqo lakhe lalinabashumayeli ziphephile 100 1895, futhi ngo-1914 lenyuka kakade izinto ayizinkulungwane 12.

Ngo-1924, iminyuziyamu ezimbili ndawonye futhi zakha Yaroslavl State Regional Museum. Owabe Drevlekhranilishche (lomlando Archaeological Museum), Museum yobuciko lasendulo (wavula ngo-December 1919, yobuciko), yemvelo umlando Museum kanye nomtapo ucwaningo kufakwe ngezithako zawo. Waqala ukuhambisa ngo-1928 Gubernsky Museum ukuphathwa.

Ngenxa yalokho, kwenzeka ekhulwini lama-20, kugucuka eminingi ukuthi into kwamasiko usezuze isimo esiqiwini.

Ukuguqulwa KukaJesu Isimo Monastery

Encwadini Ensemble eliyingqayizivele lokwakha, okuyinto ngaphambili Isigodlo, elise ezinkulu Museum embukisweni isithakazelo kithi. Omunye ezikhumbuzo engcono yokwakha izwe lethu yilona Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, elakhiwa ngo-1516.

Wayala ukwakhiwa Basil III, isikhulu grand. Umsebenzi wenziwa gang eMoscow, eholwa master Italy. Umyeni wakhe wayephakathi lezo kabusha ngesikhathi eMoscow Kremlin. Ukubusa Ivana Groznogo yasezindongeni basonta ethempelini. Bakhandwa kwenziwe nge 1563 i 1564. Ingenye Ensemble ezimbili esekhona yokudweba omkhulukazi, ebhekisela nalesi sikhathi, futhi nguye kuphela sehlo egcwele (siyazi amagama abaculi imidwebo usuku). Yakhelwe ngesimo oluqinile ngekhulu le-16 engxenyeni engezansi belfry kunikeza umqondo abanye ngalolu hlobo izakhiwo ezihlobene nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu Rus sidilizwa. Kwaphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, engxenyeni engenhla it has a platform wokubuka, ungoyedwa hlobo Yaroslavl. It ikuvumela ukuba ubone yonke ingxenye evikelwe komuzi, okuyinto kwahlanganiswa uhlu UNESCO kwezinto ukubaluleka kwamasiko emhlabeni wonke.

Refectory nezinye izikhumbuzo esiqiwini

Njengoba ilandisa 1516 Refectory yayakhiwe phezu imodeli ise eMoscow ezibiyele Isigodlo Izici. Ezikhumbuzo kwekhulu le-16, ezifana Gate oNgcwele, umbhoshongo inqaba Ensemble (wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke), isango layo elikhulu esigodlweni sezindela, ingxenye nezivikelo le eqenjini lomculo. Ngekhulu le-17 uyalandisa Uglichskaya umbhoshongo, esesikhundleni lwaleli travel enkulu phansi ingxenye (wawuhloselwe bahambela Uglich ku Yaroslavskyy posad) kanye Bogoroditskaya umbhoshongo nge egumbini elikhulu, lapho, cishe Ephakathi yaqala ukudlula ngaphansi.

5 izikhumbuzo abatelekile kwekhulu le-17, uyaziqhenya Yaroslavl, ayingxenye yalesi Reserve. Zichaza tigaba letehlukene ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Yaroslavl yasezindongeni esikoleni nethempeli izakhiwo. Lawa isonto njengoba Nikola Nadeina eziphathelene 1622 (i-yasezindongeni enziwa 1640), imibukiso yokuzalwa kukaJesu, elakhiwa ngo-1644 (e 1682 enziwa yasezindongeni), u-Eliya, nomProfethi, (unyaka ukwakhiwa - 1650 th), Ioanna Predtechi, evezwa isithombe ngezansi (unyaka ukwakhiwa - 1687 th, yasezindongeni eyenziwe 1696 futhi 1700 ngokulandelana) futhi Epiphany (the yasezindongeni basonta 1693, kanye isakhiwo ngokwaso).

Asikhulume mayelana amaqoqo unomphela, alinikela izivakashi Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve Ake.

fair

Ngemva kokuvakashela lokhu embukisweni, uzobona ukuthi ukujabulisa kwaba eminyakeni eminingi edlule, futhi iyoba umhlanganyeli oqondile kulesi senzo okuthakazelisayo. Ungaya njengendlela umthengi, umthengisi, barkers, kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza ukujabulisa. kuyoba ezinye izinto ezandleni zakho. Geary futhi steelyards Doll "umhlengikazi" futhi "isipho ngesineke", ayikhulu ewayini futhi korenushki, kanye nezinye rarities eziningi kungabonakala lokhu embukisweni.

Mhlawumbe ubani owake wezwa noma wavakashela ukujabulisa kuso (futhi namuhla banamathela kweqiniso). Ngokuthakazelisayo, futhi yini imizwa nemicabango yabangela ukuthini igama elithi "okulungile" kuwe? Yiqiniso, basuke bekhalela, umsindo uhleko. "I Scream", ngendlela - Umqondo okhokhelwayo. Ngakho abadayisi kwabadayisi basegaqweni ngokuthi amazwi, nabo bethengisa izimpahla. Bewazi yini lapho abantu bokuqala baqala sithengiselane, futhi yini imikhiqizo yafakwa embukisweni labo endulo ukuthengisa? Izimpendulo zale kanye mibuzo neminye eminingi uzothola ngokuvakashela lokhu embukisweni, okuzokwenza ukwethula wena eduze emasikweni amadolobha Russian ezifana Yaroslavl. Izibuyekezo basikisela ukuthi kuyoba mnandi kokubili ngabantwana nangabantu abadala.

"I ubukhulu, County, isifundazwe"

Lena enye embukisweni Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wethula izivakashi umlando zabantu, izigaba zezomnotho nezombusazwe esifundeni esikhathini kusukela 16 kuya Ngekhulu le-19. Amakamelo amathathu ethulwa mlando emlandweni ephathelene nalesi sikhathi. Uzofunda indlela ukubheka isikhathi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene Yaroslavl, kuka lwalotshwa Yaroslavl esifundeni phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo, isikhathi eyalandela we Nezinkinga kanye "Golden Age," komuzi (imizuzu 17), ngesisekelo esifundazweni, kanye mayelana owaba umbusi wokuqala.

Lokhu embukisweni inikeza izincwadi zokuqala ezinyathelisiwe futhi abhalwa ngesandla 17-19 eminyaka, amasosha akwamanye amazwe futhi Russian ahlomile, bonke-Russian imifanekiso labangcwele izikhulu Yaroslavl, amasampula yobuciko Smiths futhi besiliva Jewellers futhi izinto zasekhaya, okuyinto esetshenziswa abakhileyo emzini wasendulo njengoba Yaroslavl. Izibuyekezo zokuvakashela embukisweni omuhle kuphela - kukhona into ukubona.

ngale kwalawa angenhla, bheka-izikali zemali ezazenziwa emzini muntu phakathi nokuvakasha kwazo kulo Izivakashi abezempi Minin futhi Pozharsky (okusho 1612), lapho 4 izinyanga Yaroslavl yaba inhloko-dolobha yesikhashana of lonke izwe; esiyingqayizivele uhlamvu lwemali Swedish ihlelo-ipuleti 8 talers kabani isisindo 16 kg (libhekisela 1659 ngonyaka); kanye umqeqeshi omkhulu, okwakwenza amakhosi French kwekhulu le-18. Lokhu ukuthutha kanye ephethwe Melgunov Alexei Petrovich, owokuqala Governor-Jikelele Yaroslavl.

Obumavukuvuku izikhali, izinhlelo, amabalazwe Yaroslavl, watercolors, imidwebo, izithombe yezakhiwo kanye nokunye ngokucace sifanekise umlando kwesimo setenhlalo, emasiko zombusazwe zesifundazwe ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-19.

"Beka"

Gubha esekuqaleni kwalesi lesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele fanele Musin-Pushkin. Nokho, umlando ukutholakala yayo kuseyimpicabadala kube yilolu suku. Uhlelo lokuqala "Igama" ubonakele ekwindla ka-1800, futhi eminyakeni engu-12 kamuva, lo mbhalo wesandla zazo yayigcinwe endaweni sicacelwe, endlini Musin-Pushkin, basha ngokukhanukelana, umlilo ukuthi ungcwatshwa inhlokodolobha ngesikhathi ukubaleka sikaNapoleon.

"Izwi" e Yaroslavl wabuya okwesibili. Museum ezivulekile ngo 1985. Lo mbukiso wavulwa, kuphela into efana nayo eRussia. Manor Ilovna - yindawo lapho izisekelo babekwa iqoqo Musin-Pushkin. Namuhla, ngokuvakashela Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve kuphela, ungabona ifenisha, imisebenzi yobuciko, izincwadi, futhi ubone ngeso lengqondo ukuthi ezithengiswayo wawulapho ngalezo zinsuku. Imibhalo, izincwadi, zenkolo, kanye uhlelo lokuqala, okuyinto siyindlala, ukunikeza wonke umuntu ithuba ukuzizwa umqondo ubunikazi umlando kokutholakala wesandla, ukhanda kwakhe okubuhlungu, ukuzalwa okusha, futhi-ke, ukungafi.

"Imifanekiso ka Yaroslavl zekhulu 16-18th"

Lena enye embukisweni ezithakazelisayo unomphela. Exhibition of imifanekiso encyclopedia wangempela art Russian of 16-18 eminyaka. imifanekiso Esibalulekile kanye omkhulukazi, ezifana Deesis Tier, "isimo", laseTheotokos, wadala kwakungamadodana Yaroslavl futhi eMoscow okuyinhloko. Babedalelwene engxenyeni 2nd kwekhulu le-16. Ngekhulu le-17, njengoba ungase ukhumbule, lokhu "Golden Age," ka Yaroslavl. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuye kwaba imifanekiso eminingi -. Ioanna Zlatousta, Prophet Eliya, Ioanna Predtechi, nabanye Ezikhathini Zanamuhla Art kuveza isithombe uSanta uJohane iQhawe, Martyr George, Arhangela Mihaila. Lapho zihlanganiswa namathonya isitayela baraque nge emasikweni Yaroslavl isithonjana imidwebo. Konke lokhu ungabona ngokuvakashela Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve.

Okunye ukuchayeka njalo

Okunye ziphephile unomphela zihlanganisa embukisweni enesihloko esithi "Hexapoda amakhosi iplanethi yethu", ngilandisa ojekamanzi, izimvemvane, izintethe mabhungane, izinyosi, kanye nezinye izithunywa ezinambuzaneni. "Amagugu Yaroslavl" - kuyingcenye eqakatheke kakhulu ukuqoqwa Museum. Lokhu embukisweni inikeza imikhiqizo ye amakhosi Novgorod ephakathi, eMoscow, Yaroslavl, kanye Jewelers besikhathi sethu. Uzobona ingcebo sacristies kwamasonto zezindela of Yaroslavl, Iminikelo abathengisi izinjinga, aristocrats wendawo namakhosi. Lo mbukiso lokugcina unomphela - "The Nature of the Yaroslavl esifundeni." umnyango bemvelo okwethulwa kulesi Museum ezivulekile, owasungulwa ngo-1865. Ngenxa amakhono Kuznetsova, isazi semvelo, olungisa izikhumba zezilwane, Museum labahluleli, umqophi wemifanekiso umdwebi, embukisweni usezuze a look zanamuhla. UMnyango Nature ngo-1976, waklonyeliswa igama lakhe. Lokhu ukuchayeka umelwe nge esiphezulu ukugcwala nezilwane yonke Yaroslavl esifundeni. Uzothola kokubili izilwane abaphila endulo, nezilwane yesimanje. Entwasahlobo ka-1992 ku-endaweni Museum ixazululwe Bear Masha (ibhere ukuba abe uphawu Yaroslavl eyaziwa). Ngezansi ifulege Yaroslavl esifundeni.

amagatsha Museum

Lokhu Museum inamagatsha 3: ISikhumbuzo House Museum Sobinova Museum "Cosmos" kanye Museum of Military Glory. Ake sithi amazwi ambalwa nje "Isikhala", etholakala edolobhaneni Nikulskoe.

"Isikhala" Museum

It is Kunikezelwa uValentina Tereshkova. Lokhu Museum kwavulwa ngo-1975 futhi sihlanganisa zakhiwo ezimbili, elihlanganiswa ibe eziyinkimbinkimbi olulodwa. Yisikhumbuzo ingxenye - eqhugwaneni ongumlimi, eye ibuyiselwe izincazelo Tereshkova kakhulu nezihlobo zakhe. Akhiwe emzaneni othiwa Maslennikovo Okuningi elise 1.5 km kusuka Nikulskoe, emzini wabazali bakhe engafakwanga, ngakho Yakhiwa elisepulazini imodeli kukamama wengane eqhugwaneni Tereshkova sikababa, lapho umndeni owahlala khona phakathi nempi. Esichasiselweni itholakala isakhiwo yesimanje, injongo eyakhelwe. Likhuluma indaba uValentina Tereshkova nezinye izakhamuzi Yaroslavl esifundeni, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo ekuthuthukiseni Astronautics.