WaseHerzen, "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango": isifinyezo sezinto izahluko. "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango": Abalingiswa

Alexander Ivanovich incwadi "Zakudala Imicabango", sifinyeto okuyinto sicabanga, yanyatheliswa ngo-1868. Luqala ngokunikela umbhali umhlengikazi izindaba mayelana nendlela waseHerzen umndeni ukuhambahamba eMoscow, elalihlala French e 1812. Alexander yena engufanayana omncane. Iphela ngentuthuko umkhiqizo 1865-1868 sika, waseHerzen okuvelayo kusukela evakashele eYurophu.

Eqinisweni, izinkumbulo akakwazi ngokuthi ngomqondo ogcwele wegama, "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Isifinyezo umkhiqizo akukuniki umqondo ephelele isakhiwo lelandzisako, inothi ngaleyo ndlela pre ukuthi kuphela izingxenye zokuqala ezinhlanu (ingqikithi 8) sithola nesitatimende izenzakalo ezilandelanayo. Ngokulandelayo, ngemva kokuthuthela umbhali eLondon ngo 1852, kulandelwa uchungechunge lwezihloko lesibonwa, ema-eseyi, Nokho, wahlela ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo. Mangisho ukuthi ezinye zeziqu imisebenzi yashicilelwa okokuqala njengokulimala okwehlukene ( "Robert Owen", "Arabesque Western"). WaseHerzen kuqhathaniswa indalo yakhe yini ngalanga akha indlu nge iqoqo amaphiko,-add-on kanye nezandiso.

Ingxenye yokuqala

"Izingane kanye University" - okubizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yokuqala umsebenzi "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Amazwibela elandelayo yalo. Lichaza isikhathi kusuka 1812 kuya 1834. Engxenyeni yokuqala umsebenzi uchazwa main ukuphila waseHerzen endlini kayise. Kwakuyisikhathi hypochondriac smart. Kubonakala sengathi indodana (njengoba ngempela, malume, ubaba nomngane wobusha), umkhiqizo ejwayelekile kwekhulu le-18.

A nomthelela omkhulu umcabango kwengane kwadingeka izenzakalo Disemba 14, 1825. WaseHerzen e 1827 wahlangana N. Ogarev, isihlobo zakhe ezikude. Lona imbongi esizayo, nabo waseHerzen kuzoqhubeka London ukuhola endlini ukuphrinta Russian. Bobabili abafana bayimilutha Schiller. On ubungane babo, bebonakala njengoba inyunyana bakhi ezimbili zezombusazwe. Uma phezu Sparrow Hills, basuke asifungela ukunikela ngokuphila kwabo ngenxa inkululeko.

WaseHerzen uyaqhubeka eshumayela yize ukubukwa olukhulu kwezombusazwe futhi ngakhulela, lapho owaba umfundi we-Moscow State University (Physics and Mathematics uMnyango).

Qaphela ukuthi izenzakalo ngemva kokufa kuka-Alexander I, uthi umlobi we imisebenzi "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Ukufingqa (Ingxenye 1, Isahluko 3) abakwazi ukuchaza kabanzi lokhu. Nokho, siphawula ukuthi, njengoba umbhali ubhala, ushushiso zezombusazwe phakathi nokubusa kuka-Alexander ayembalwa. Nokho, ukuze angene esikhundleni sakhe Nicholas ukuzondwa ngenxa pedantry kuyinto engasho lutho, unya abandayo, yokuziphindiselela. waqala Ukuboshwa. Amakhosikazi labo zadingiselwa ukufukuziswa bamukwa amalungelo abo. Babefanele niphonsa zonke ingcebo atholwe nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi Eastern eSiberia ngaphansi kukhona abaseshi amaphoyisa. Konke lokhu kumaka waseHerzen emsebenzini wakhe "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Ukufingqa (ingxenye 1, inhloko 3 lisanda emelelwa) usinika ingxenye izenzakalo yesibili.

Ingxenye yesibili

Ibizwa ngokuthi "Ejele futhi Exile", ichaza yagcwaliseka eminyakeni leyendlulile kusukela 1834 kuya 1838-th-th. Ogarev (esithombeni sakhe aboniswe ngezansi), waseHerzen namanye amalungu circle inyuvesi osolwa ethuka loMhlabathi. Ngamacala amanga baboshwa futhi badingiselwa.

Udilikajele likuchaza ngokuningiliziwe nombhali umsebenzi "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Ukufingqa (ikhanda 3 le ngxenye likhomba ukuphila ejele) kwelula elikhonza Vyatka Hertzen, ehhovisi ebhodini yesifundazwe wendawo. Ngokwezibalo ahlukaniswa aba ngaphansi kwakhe. Izahluko imisebenzi eqoqwe eziningi nezenzakalo ezidabukisayo futhi ebonisa lokulawula esifundazweni. Esigabeni esifanayo, AL Vitberg. WaseHerzen wamhlangabeza ekudingisweni. WaseHerzen e 1838 idluliselwe uVladimir. Kulomuzi, kukhona umkhiqizo eminye imicimbi anikelwe isifinyezo. "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango", okuyingxenye 1 futhi ingxenye 2 esiye kakade kuchazwe, Ngokuqhubeka ngentuthuko 1838-39 biennium. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa bajwayelene waseHerzen lover yakhe. Kutfutfukiswa Lala naso, futhi elandelayo.

wesithathu

"UVladimir-on-Klyazma" - okubizwa ngokuthi ingxenye yesithathu umsebenzi "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Amazwibela ke liqala ukusitshela ngo-umlando uthando kombhali nge Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy, owayenguyise indodakazi engumlanjwana bomfowabo kayise, futhi wakhuliswa ngu anti isigamu elihlanyiswa nokubi. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ke liqala ukusitshela ngo waseHerzen. Ngokwesibonelo, izenzakalo 1834 ithumela yinhloko yezizwe "eMoscow ngaphandle kwami" isebenza "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango" (Isahluko 4). Amazwibela ke ngeke linikelwe, njengoba isivele isitsheliwe ukuthi engxenyeni yesibili. Thina uqhubekele incazelo ubuhlobo kombhali nge Zaharinoy Nataley Aleksandrovnoy.

Imvume emshadweni nezihlobo ungatholi uthando umkhiqizo "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Ukufingqa (ikhanda 3 le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi "Ngokuhlukana") ekugcineni kokushiya Vyatki. WaseHerzen (isithombe sakhe kunikezwa ngenhla) e-1838, kufika e Moscow, nakuba sinqatshelwe ukungena kuwo. Ithatha umakoti wakhe, futhi egcotshwa naye ngasese. Lokhu uqeda okwesithathu waseHerzen ( "Zakudala Imicabango"). Isifinyezo ukuba kwenziwe lokhu okulandelayo eminye abekwe ngezansi.

Ingxenye yesine

Inkathi esukela 1840 kuya 1847 uchazwa 'eMoscow, eSt Petersburg kanye Novgorod. " Likhuluma ngamaphathi emkhathini bokusungula isikhathi eMoscow. Ogarev futhi waseHerzen, ngubani ekudingisweni, ukuthuthela eduze Hegelians - umbuthano Stankevich. Ngisho nabangani babo Bakunin futhi Belinsky. WaseHerzen ku "akukona okwethu" (ku Chaadayev, K. Aksakov, Kireevskys, Khomyakov) uthi ukudansela isiginci sakhe ndawonye 40s Slavophiles kanye baseNtshonalanga. Waqhubeka uchaze ukuthi kungani ungeke uhlanganise slavjanofilstvo ubuzwe olusemthethweni. WaseHerzen futhi ukhuluma sokusebenzela umphakathi waseRussia.

Ngenxa yezizathu yamaSoviet, ngo-1846, waseHerzen futhi Ogarev ungasuki abaningi, ikakhulukazi kusukela Granovsky. ukuxabana Siqu kwenzekani phakathi UMBHALI Granovsky ngenxa yokuthi omunye akazange aqaphele, kanye nezinye ayelihlonipha yokungafi komphefumulo. Wabe ikhetha ukushiya izwe waseHerzen. "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango", sifinyeto okuyinto thina ukuchaza - umthamo omkhulu umsebenzi. Ngakho sikwazi ukukhuluma kuphela ngokuya jikelele.

yesihlanu

Lichaza iminyaka kusukela 1847 kuya 1852-th-th. Umbhali ukhuluma eminyakeni yokuqala ayelichithe eYurophu. WaseHerzen wathi mayelana ngosuku lokuqala e-dolobha isiFulentshi, mayelana ngayekubonile eParis. Ekhuluma 'Italy Young ", iSonto LamaRoma kazwelonke yenkhululeko nenguquko eFrance ngo-February 1848 kanye nabanye.

Echaza isifinyezo indaba "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango", siphawula ukuthi isethulo ezilandelanayo imicimbi kakade kule ngxenye kuyinto izihloko uphazamiseka futhi eseyi waseHerzen. Umbhali uthi ngendlela sideshow onesihloko esithi "Arabesque Western" ukufa impucuko yaseNtshonalanga, eyigugu kangaka ovulekile Russian noma sezenhlalo. Bachitha philistinism Europe, walithatha lonke ihlelo impahla inhlalakahle. Le timu kungenziwa ngokuthi leitmotif wawo wonke umsebenzi. WaseHerzen wabona ikhambi kuphela ekwakhiweni isimo nenhlalakahle.

Ibhalwe ezahlukweni enikelwe Proudhon ucoca okuvelayo zayo ziyakuthanda naye, wathi Ukuthamba okungalindelekile umuntu ukukhuluma. Ukhuluma ncwadi Proudhon sika, "Ngo-Justice ebandleni lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso." Kusukela ungumbhali waleli umsebenzi abavumelani waseHerzen, ngoba umhlatshelo ubulungisa isimo ubuntu. Nge onobuhle ezifana isimo waseHerzen ukuqagulisana njalo, ndawonye a Arakcheyev Abavukeli (isibonelo, lesithupha ingxenye, esahlukweni "Robert Owen").

Angiyithandi sengqondo waseHerzen futhi Proudhon sika zokuhlukumeza abesifazane - nokuphathelene. Uyakholelwa ukuthi amajaji kumbhali ngezinto ezinjalo buhlungu futhi kube nzima like umhawu komuntu oshade naye, bakudala kakhulu.

Idrama emphilweni waseHerzen

Isigaba sesihlanu iphetha Umlando womkhaya wokusebenzisa kabi waseHerzen, eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila Natalia Alexandrovna. I ukubusa Napoleon III, kanye, bese ukugula indodakazi esindayo sika kakhulu lasetshenziswa lona wesifazane propensity ezahlukene ukucindezeleka. Yena ingena ebudlelwaneni kanye edume German sezenhlalo kanye imbongi Herwegh. Lo muntu wayengumngane ngaleso sikhathi umngane omkhulu ka waseHerzen. Yena sathinteka Herwegh izikhalazo yesizungu, ukuthi akekho oqonda. Natalya uyaqhubeka athande umyeni wakhe. Kumzwisa ubuhlungu isimo futhi Ekugcineni ngabona isidingo zekhethelo, nkosikazi ukuba waseHerzen. Wayekulungele ahlukanise, uma ufuna Natalia. Nokho, inqamuka nge Herwegh futhi ihlala nomyeni wakhe.

Hertz Kwenziwa emva nokubuyisana isikhathi esithile e-Italy. Esikhathini umkhumbi 1851 wabulala unina umbhali, futhi indodana yakhe encane kolya. Herwegh engafuni abakwamukelayo ukwehlulwa. Yena olandela izikhalazo eziyisikhombisa, esongela ukubulala waseHerzen noma ukuzibulala. Ekugcineni lapho azisa abangane mutual ngalesi sigameko. Abangane unamathele i waseHerzen. Okulandelayo ukuza yesehlakalo ezingemnandi lokushaya nebhethri, nkumbulo izikweletu ubudala, izincwadi nakomagazini. Natalia Awukwazi ukuhambisa konke. Emva kokuzalwa olandelayo, cishe sofuba, washona ngo-1852.

It igcwaliswe okwesihlanu Tindzaba mayelana abavela kwamanye amazwe Russian amelwe "isithunzi Russian." WaseHerzen ngenkathi eziningi nabo. umngane wakhe eyunivesithi NI Sazonov, ukuhambahamba Europe, - uhlobo abantu isiRashiya, ngeze wayechithe umuzi "Kunegebe amabutho," okuyinto ayikafunwa ezweni ekhaya. Ukukhunjulwa Kwalabo ontanga, umlobi lapha ubiza "ubulungisa" nenkulumo ethi "ukuqashelwa" ngoba labo bantu owadela ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo zonke ezingase ubaphe ukuphila bendabuko. WaseHerzen AV Èngel'son - Gen Petrashevists nge "ubuhlungu aqhephukile", okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo kuye, "yokuziqhenya makhulu" eliye lakhula ngaphansi kwethonya abantu bakhe "amancane" futhi "trashy" ababakha iningi isikhathi.

lesithupha

Ibizwa ngokuthi "England", ichaza yagcwaliseka eminyakeni leyendlulile kusukela 1852 kuya 1864-th-th. WaseHerzen ngemva kokufa lo mbhangqwana wathuthela eNgilandi. Herwegh wenza idrama umndeni wakhe umphakathi, futhi umlobi kwakudingekile ukuba inkantolo ukuba intando yeningi European wavuma ukuthi wayeqinisile. Kodwa waseHerzen bathola induduzo kule enkantolo, futhi umsebenzi. Waqala bhala "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango", futhi wasiphakamisa kudivayisi nemidwebo Russian.

WaseHerzen (portrait wakhe uvezwa ngenhla) uphawula ukuthi London ukuphila isizungu okwamthinta omuhle. England ngaleso sikhathi kwakugcwele abathutha, okuyinto ikakhulu wabhekisela lesithupha ingxenye. Kwakuyisikhathi isixuku Motley, abaholi belikhumbuza kazwelonke kanye nokunyakaza sezenhlalo e-Europe, lapho kwakuzoba uphawu lokuthi umlobi, ukuba izinhloli bese izigebengu, ngubani ezicashe bedingisiwe zezombusazwe ncengani ngokwakho mathupha.

WaseHerzen, bayaqiniseka ukuthi uhlamvu kazwelonke ukhona, inesihloko ezinye Tindzaba expatriates bezizwe ezihlukahlukene ( "amaJalimane ekudingisweni", "abavela kwamanye amazwe-Polish" nabanye.). Esahlukweni "AmaJalimane ekudingisweni", ikakhulukazi, ukuhlolwa Marx nabalandeli bakhe - ". Igenge sulfuric" Umbhali ubheka laba bantu yokungathembeki, alibhubhise kwalabo ababephikisana nayo kwezombusazwe alungele noma yini. WaseHerzen linelukuluku agcine lowo engozini nomunye izinhlamvu manifest kazwelonke. Ngokwesibonelo, e isahluko esithi "INkathi izinqubo ezimbili" unikezwe incazelo ezihlekisayo wokubuyekeza ecaleni NgesiZulu, duelists French.

lwesikhombisa

Le ngxenye msebenzi nikela kuze ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian. Ikakhulu, ikhombisa Tindzaba angawodwana ku Pecherin B. futhi M. Bakunin, ngomlando "The Bells" futhi Mahhala nemidwebo Russian. Umbhali uqala ngokuchaza izinhlupheko kanjani ngokungalindelekile wavele evakashele a sombutho. Ngokusobala, wayeyindoda abangenalwazi, hhayi ovulekile. Nokho, wayebacabangela kuyisibopho sakhe ukuza waseHerzen njengoba iziphathimandla. Esahlukweni sokuqala, "Apogee futhi Perigee," kusho ithonya elikhulu futhi ukuthandwa "The Bells" eRussia, okuyinto eza emva komlilo eMoscow. Futhi wathi umbhali isinqumo ukuphrinta ukusekela nabasePoland ngo-1862, ngesikhathi ekuvukeleni kwabo.

lesishiyagalombili

Isifinyezo wobuciko "Zakudala wacabanga" selichaza ingxenye 8. Lunikeza kwesikhathi kusuka 1865 kuya ku-1868. It has no igama, futhi akukho ezivamile indaba ephathwayo. Kuyinto akukho ngozi esahlukweni sokuqala le ngxenye ibizwa ngokuthi i- "Alukho uxhumano". WaseHerzen uchaza umbono ngalo wenza emazweni ahlukahlukene aseYurophu in the 60s sekwephuzile. Europe ngenkathi isabonakala njengoba kombuso kumbhali efile. Lokhu, uthi, ngokukhethekile, isahluko esithi Venice futhi ukuyilahla France imperial "Ungumprofethi." Isahluko "Kusukela izwe ezinye" 6th ingxenye lunikezelwe asebekhulile, abake baba abantu abadumile futhi kuphumelele. WaseHerzen babekholelwa ukuthi indawo kuphela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, efanelekayo ukuphila - Switzerland.

"Izincwadi Old"

"Izincwadi Old" ephelele umkhiqizo "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango", sifinyeto izahluko elichazwa lesi sihloko. Lona umbhalo izincwadi nombhali Belinsky, N. Field, Chaadaeva Granovsky, Carlyle, Proudhon. WaseHerzen esethulweni kuya encwadini yabo uveza umehluko phakathi kwawo. Izinto esezadlula ngeke e izinhlamvu akuyona ngokucindezela nangawo onke amandla akhe, engesiyo incwadi. Easy adambise kubo kokuqukethwe kwabo okungahleliwe, ama-imeyili kwansuku ukukhathazeka ezisisondeza ababhali.

Yiqiniso, kwelinye sihloko akunakwenzeka ukuchaza ngokuningiliziwe umsebenzi "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango". Isifinyezo mincanyana kufanelekile kuphela ukwazana kuqala naye. Lo msebenzi kuwufanele ukutadisha ngoba inika lendaba kwenkathi. "Odlule wami futhi Imicabango", sifinyeto isahluko 1 esiqala 1812 futhi iphela ngo-1868 izinkumbulo ngonyaka, ihlanganisa isikhathi, izenzakalo zomlando ocebile.