Vestibular ezinzwa cochlear: incazelo, isakhiwo kanye anatomy

Anatomists isehlane ngazimbili eziyishumi nambili zakwa-emizweni zinemisebenzi ethize futhi zitholakala ngaphakathi ikhanda nentamo. Omunye wabo emsipheni vestibulocochlear. Yena unesibopho ukuzwela ekhethekile: kokuzwa futhi siwe kalula. Ukwephula nokwakheka noma umsebenzi wakhe kungaholela amalungelo ukukhubazeka ngokujulile.

isakhiwo

Kuyini emsipheni vestibulocochlear? Anatomy kuba kubenzima, njengoba ngesisekelo igama, siqukethe impande ezimbili ezihlukene, anemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Eyokuqala - the vestibular, unesibopho ibhalansi futhi unikeza imiselekazi ongaphambili omise ka zengaphakathi lendlebe. Okwesibili - ukuzwa, uqhuba amaza kusukela uxhaxha we cochlea ukuze emgogodleni wakhe.

Nerve kuthatha yaqala ebusweni phansi ama-, kokushiya grey daba nuclei yeminqumo oblongata medulla futhi sokuxazulula ngezansi emsipheni ebusweni. legatsha tintfo iqala kusukela engeyokuqala we cochlea, futhi izinqubo zawo neuropathy ukuqeda emzimbeni Kuvunguza kanye kweminyango central ngokusebenzisa phezulu mbhoshongo amathambo sokuzwa ebuchosheni bufike nuclei cochlear.

Okwesibili, vestibular, egatsheni futhi iqala qhuzwana, esemgwaqweni ezingaphakathi endlebeni. I dendrites yalezi izinzwa ukuya emiseleni ongaphambili omise, eyindilinga futhi izikhwama okweqanda. A Axon njengengxenye impande vestibular ithunyelwa imbobo okwedayimane futhi iphela khona nuclei vestibular.

Ukunikeza ukuzwa

Kuzwakala umuntu bezibona uhlelo kunalokho xaka. Kukhona elingaphandle, maphakathi kanye endlebeni engaphakathi, nerve kodwa vestibulocochlear innervates kuphela ngaphakathi. Okokuqala, amaza omsindo ziqondakala eardrum. oscillations wayo zidluliselwa ku-isando, nensimbi nesitibili, okuyinto kuhlobene. Nge igagasi kuthinta stapes iwindi okusaqanda, elisoGwini bangaphambi Maze. Ukudlidlizela kubangele displacement we perilymph futhi endolymph ngaphakathi kule nkathi yokukhula. Oscillate kanye izingxenye liquid yesibili eardrum, le basilar noma plate. On ke yizinwele zvukovosprinimayuschego, odala emsipheni amaza. It is adluliselwa unit Helical, elise zengaphakathi lendlebe. Izinqubo ka ezinzwa ezakha engeyokuqala elise ngokusebenzisa imbobo indlebe canal futhi, ngokuxhumana ne-nerve vestibular, iya kwebhuloho, lapho izidakamizwa futhi ekupheleni e nuclei cochlear ku fossa rhomboid.

cochlear axons neuronal aphambana futhi yakha iluphu lateral. I imicu eminingana ke ahlukaniswe. A amancane okuyingxenye uphela kwi hillocks engezansi ipuleti quadrigemina (ubuchopho obuphakathi). Konke okunye kuya medial geniculate izindikimba diencephalon noma medial nucleus thalamic.

ibhalansi umsebenzi

Ukuze ibhalansi umzimba emkhathini ngesikhathi ukunyakaza futhi uphumule futhi unesibopho vestibulocochlear emsipheni. Ukushayela innervation yayo kusukela engaqaliwe kungadala kwabamangaza njengoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lo msebenzi kudinga ukusebenza zokuvumelanisa izingxenye eziningi isimiso sezinzwa.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-apharathasi vestibular wukuthi nganoma isiphi isikhathi sihlaziye yokuma ikhanda emkhathini futhi ulungise isikhundla lomzimba imisipha ithoni. Isitho obhekene ibhalansi, kuyinto eseduze uxhaxha maphakathi nendlebe futhi imele ezintathu intersecting isiteshi okusaqanda, okweqanda nokuthi ukuphela sacs eyindilinga. Ngaphakathi lezi zakhiwo yizinwele ibekwe ukuthi ebucayi yezinguquko ikhanda isikhundla, emincane futhi komugqa ukushesha, futhi izinguquko adonsela phansi.

Kusukela izinwele sezinzwa izinqubo neuropathy izinzwa ithunyelwa isayithi vestibular, etholakala ezansi ithambo yesikhashana. Ingena ketshezi ebuchosheni, emsipheni siqondiswe umgodi rhombus kuya nuclei vestibular. Kusukela izinqubo ibhuloho izinzwa kuhluke emgogodleni (kuya nuclei wophondo anterior), cerebellum (cortex worm), thalamus (i-nucleus vestibular) kanye kumiswa reticular (i-nucleus ye-izinzwa cranial). Letakhi ukunikeza umzimba impendulo nobungane ukukhuthazwa yokwamukela vestibular. Lonke ulwazi livela izakhiwo subcortical endaweni phakathi nabaphansi gyrus yesikhashana, lapho isikhungo motor imisebenzi, maphakathi jikelele luvelo umzimba schema isikhungo.

ucwaningo kokuzwa

Yini okudingeka uyenze ukuze ubone uma umsebenzi wabo wenza kahle vestibulocochlear ezinzwa? amagatsha awo ezimbili ngemibuzo bengabodwa. Ukuzwa Ucwaningo olwenziwa ENT odokotela, neurologists, bengqondo, ngisho kanjalo onke ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okufanayo zakhiwa.

Konke kuqala nge ukuzwa isivivinyo esilula. Ngokuvamile, umuntu kumelwe at ibanga ngamamitha amahlanu kuya enikuzwa ziqondiswe kuye inkulumo kuhletshwa. Ukuzwa ukulahleka noma ukungamthandi kwakhe kungabangela hhayi kuphela ukulahlekelwa endlebeni yangaphandle noma phakathi, kodwa futhi yangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba baqonde izimbangela zesifo.

1. Schwabach ukuhlolwa kusekelwe ekulinganiseni ubude ithambo conduction. Camerton zihlanganisa futhi zabekwa ithambo mastoid ngemuva kwendlebe. Uma isiguli akusho uzwe umsindo ke inkinga - ezingaphakathi endlebeni, kodwa uma izwi lingezwakali eside ngokungadingekile, lo zokugula kuyinto esigabeni phakathi analyzer.
2. Rinne kuhlola kuthola umehluko phakathi emoyeni futhi bone conduction. Kufaka Tuning ekuphambukeni ibekwe ithambo mastoid, kanti isiguli uyabuzwa ukuthi lapho ngeke usakwazi uzwa umsindo. Ithuluzi is adluliselwe ku-pinna. Esimweni lapho isiguli enempilo, umsindo isazoqhubeka wezwa.
3. Weber test. Ezisanda isebenze Tuning ekuphambukeni ibekwe endaweni umqhele lomuntu, futhi lo dokotela ucela, okuyinto uhlangothi umsindo wezwa engcono. Uma isiguli kubonisa ohlangothini nesineke, lokhu okhuluma esivuna umonakalo maphakathi nendlebe, futhi uma enempilo, inkinga - ezingaphakathi endlebeni.

Ukuhlolwa yakhoibrium

Vestibulocochlear nerve futhi unesibopho esele, ngakho neurologists lokuhlolwayo okuhlangene ngokuvamile ziphendukela nokuvivinywa okuhlukahlukene ukuhlola ukumelana lesiguli:

1. ukuhlolwa Romberg sika - okukodwa kokukhethwa kukho ezivamile. Isiguli ucelwa ukuba asukume ncamashi ukuze izinyawo emgqeni efanayo, futhi isithende ngonyawo olulodwa waphumula ngokumelene uzwane yesibili. Hands kufanele ashukumiseleke ngaphandle noma ngqo phambili. Udokotela wabe ecelwa ukuba enze izinyathelo ezimbalwa phambili kuqala nge namehlo akho avuleke, bese ivaliwe. Nedumbe Gait esimweni sesibili libhekisela indlebe umonakalo wangaphakathi.
2. Test Mittelnaera. Isiguli uhamba phansi ngamehlo ayo ivaliwe. Uma kukhona ukwehluleka apharathasi vestibular ke kancane kancane Iyophendulela eceleni le.

Hlula legatsha cochlear

Ukunqotshwa vestibulocochlear ezinzwa kusayithi obhekene ekucubunguleni pulses sokuzwa ine ukubonakaliswa ethile yomtholampilo. Kukhona okukhethwa kukho ezimbili ukulawula yilezi:

- umsindo conduction ukwephulwa, noma conductive ubuthulu (maphakathi indlebe isifo);
- sensorineural ubuthulu e izilonda zengaphakathi lendlebe.

Endabeni wangaphambili kubangela izimo kungase kube ukuvuvukala, noma izicubu neoplastic sclerosis isifo. izifo samuntu Okwesibili ingabagulisa imihlola ukuvuvukala, neuroma, futhi izinto amasayithi nomnkantsha indawo nuclei lwesishiyagalombili emsipheni cranial.

Emtholampilo ke kubonakala izikhalazo mayelana umsindo endlebeni, ikhanda, ukwehla jikelele ezindlebeni. Uma inqubo sokugembula ebuchosheni mkhulu, kungase kube waphawula ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi nezinzwa eduze, ezifana vestibular, ebusweni kanye trigeminal. commonality okunjalo izimpawu ngokuthi "kushintshana hemiplegia."

Ukunqotshwa kwe-vestibular

Pathology vestibulocochlear emsipheni ingxenye legatsha vestibular izoqala ukuzibonakalisa isiyezi, isicanucanu (ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlanza) kanye nystagmus. Lokhu ezinzwa ngokwengxenye obhekene isimo zamehlo lapho isikhundla ikhanda, ngakho lapho ukuhlulwa kwakhe kungaba ushintsho iso ukunyakaza. Okungukuthi jerks engajulile enezingqimba noma mpo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiguli ine Gait engazinzile, futhi kudingeka yeqa (njengoba umkhumbi ngesikhathi ewa) aqhubeke egxilile, futhi sihlale njalo siqaphele izinyawo zabo. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanjalo udokotela angaphakamisa uphethwe ngesikhathi lapho engena ehhovisi lakhe.

Neuroma vestibulocochlear ezinzwa

Innervation vestibulocochlear ezinzwa kusikisela ukuthi basibekele fibre emgodleni we Schwann amaseli. Lolu hlobo ukwahlukanisa ukuze yisifiso ezinzwa akuthunyelwa kwamanye zesivikelo sesifuba. Kodwa kusukela cell ulwelwesi, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile (ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu) angakhula isimila kungavamile ukuba ingozi.

It kubonakala kancane futhi, njengoba umthetho, lapho isimila isivele ifinyelele usayizi eside. Iziguli esekhala ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa ngolunye uhlangothi, isiyezi, ubuhlungu ohlangothini ubuso, futhi khona comorbidity ebusweni kanye abducens. Lena kubonakala enkulumweni ebolekiwe, nobunzima ngokudla. Ithumba licindezele nezinzwa, elibangela emtholampilo ezifanele.

Uma neuroma babevela zombili, isiguli Kunconywa ukuba kudlule luhlolo zofuzo ukuthi lezi zinto ziyokwenzeka khona neurofibromatosis (a lezinceku zezinzwa izicubu isifo). Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlinzwa.

UMeniere Syndrome

Vestibulocochlear ezinzwa kungalimala ngokungaqondile e nesifo i-Meniere sika. Ngokwako zokugula ezihambisana ne ukukhiqizwa kahle futhi outflow ka uketshezi ezingaphakathi endlebeni. ukunqwabelana wakhe ubeka ingcindezi izinwele ebucayi, esizibonakalisa disequilibrium.

Kubonakala ukuhlaselwa isifo inzululwane ephelezelwa tinnitus nomuzwa ekugcwaleni ohlangothini ethintekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziguli esekhala okuqhubekayo ubuthulu. Njengoba isifo siqhubeka, izimpawu zibe zimbi nakakhulu, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kuze kube lowo muntu ngesikhathi kokuquleka awukwazi ukuphuma embhedeni futhi qhelisa ikhanda lakho.

Ukwelashwa kuyehla kuya ukudambisa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa, sedatives kokuthola in ngezikhathi zinengqondo. Uma impatho olandelanayo kungasizi ukuthi noma aphendukele ekuthengiseni izindlela ezinqala futhi ababhubhise uxhaxha vestibular noma igatsha engu- Izinzwa vestibulocochlear.