Nezinzwa Cranial.

izinzwa Cranial ezakha ngazimbili eziyishumi nambili zakwa-emizweni uqale asebuchosheni ukukhonza eziningi imisipha, izindlala futhi izibilini, kanye amalungiselelo lemizwa entanyeni ekhanda. Lezi ngazimbili ihlobene ngokuqondile umsebenzi imisebenzi efana motor, sezinzwa, secretory, futhi reflex. izinzwa Cranial zitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zobuchopho. Ngenxa yalaba nezinzwa kukhona iqoqo izinqubo ezihlobene umsebenzi zonke izinhlaka zomzimba womuntu. Ziyakwazi ukulandelana ethile kude ingqondo. Ngokwesiko imizwa nokwakheka cranial enzelwe ngu zesi-Roman.

Ngoba mina pair libhekisela emsipheni olfactory. I-receptor zitholakala esifundeni yayo engenhla mucosa acinene ingaphakathi. Nerve siqukethe sesigcilikisha ikhipha mncane mayelana amabili. Lezi lokuluhlaza ungenalo stem langempela, futhi ukuba zingene skull ithambo igridi ipuleti ngu axube amaseli isibani olfactory, okumelelwe iqoqo amaseli mitral. Ngokusho kwakhe uya nesifiso kuya primary izikhungo olfactory, bese - ku cortex cerebral.

pair II yakha emsipheni optic. Umsebenzi wayo ukuletha ulwazi kuyi-retina, okuyinto ulwelwesi svetovosprinimayuschuyu esweni.

Yezinzwa evela le ganglion amangqamuzana akha retina. Nerve ezakhiwe le micu udabula isokhethi iso, bese - ku ingaphakathi cranial.

III umusi - ke oculomotor emsipheni. core Its kuqondaniswe nge ubuchopho obuphakathi engenhla convex. It ihlukaniswe yaba amagatsha yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ezixhunywe imisipha levator the lid engenhla, futhi bakhiphe elezinga eliphansi imisipha etshekile of yeso.

IV pair ibizwa ngokuthi block emsipheni. Ubiza motor izinzwa. core Its itholakala ku ubuchopho obuphakathi. Ngokudlula unyawo zobuchopho ngohlangothi lateral, izinzwa block akube kusakhulunywa kuya base, elise phakathi Lobe yesikhashana nasemlenzeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho lo ezinzwa nge oculomotor ezinzwa kwendawo cranial ukuba izisekelo iso sihamba ngqo.

V yakha pair of emsipheni trigeminal, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kufakwe izinzwa cranial. Ngisho endaweni cranial sehlukaniswe amagatsha ezinkulu ezintathu. Lokhu ezinzwa enza amehlo olubucayi futhi isikhumba yasebunzini. Skin phakathi iso kanye umlomo, futhi acinene mucosal kanye engenhla temlomo maxillary emsipheni innervates. Skin ngokufanele ngezansi umlomo, mucosa ngomlomo, namazinyo ephansi, nerve mandibular innervates nolimi. Futhi imisipha ukuhlafuna kukhona belawulwa nguye.

VI pair kuyinto abducens. core Its itholakala endaweni kwebhuloho. Nerve elawula imisipha iso, okuyinto banesibopho yokuma inhlamvu yeso futhi ukuhamba kwayo. Uma lilimele kungase engu- okotshani.

ezinzwa kobuso, ukwakha i-pair yama VII futhi ngaphakathi imizwa cranial. amagatsha awo zihlukaniswe yesikhashana, buccal futhi zygomatic. Nerve innervates le izicubu ezithile ebusweni, futhi isabelo saso Lesisemkhatsini, ngokuthi ibhethri, ilawula salivary nezindlala nolimi ukunambitheka ukuzwela.

VIII pair emelelwa emsipheni vestibulocochlear. Lena emsipheni asizwe isitho. Siqukethe emsipheni vestibular kanye cochlear. Roots uqale ngaphakathi mbhoshongo in the ukushuba ithambo yesikhashana ezingaphakathi endlebeni.

IX pair libizwa emsipheni glossopharyngeal. Lena emsipheni zokunambitha ezingemuva ulimi ukuzwela, futhi ehlanganyela indlala parotid futhi inqubo singagwinyi.

X imele i-pair yama emsipheni vagus. It is ngokuqondile inkulumo nokugwinya. Innervate imisipha pharynx, ulwanga, amalaka. Emsipheni sehlukaniswe amagatsha amaningi, iqondiswe zeNhlangano ikhanda nentamo, kanye samathumbu kanye thoracic.

XI mbhangqwana ngokuthi emsipheni isesekeli. umsuka wayo aluthathayo kusukela le oblongata medulla futhi ilawula imisipha trapezius futhi sternocleidomastoid.

XII pair yakha emsipheni hypoglossal. It innervates wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, nemisipha yolimi.

Sagcina umuntu athweswe cala ngokusebenza kwazo zonke izinhlangano kanye nezikhungo. Basengozini izinguquko ezahlukene imvelo, okubangela ezingemnandi emizweni ubuhlungu, futhi kungaholela ukungasebenzi lonke zomzimba.