Anatomy: humerus. Isakhiwo humerus

Ukuze enze imisebenzi ukwesekwa, ukunyakaza kanye nokuvikelwa emzimbeni wethu inohlelo ebandakanya amathambo, imisipha, imisipha kanye nemisipha. Zonke izingxenye zayo akhule ngokubambisana. Ukwakheka kwazo ngokwama-futhi izakhiwo abangu ngesayensi anatomy. I humerus liyingxenye khulula esitho elingenhla kanye kanye namathambo alowo ibhodi lemisindo kanye engenhla esitho ibhande - clavicle futhi scapula - ihlinzeka ukunyakaza eyinkimbinkimbi mechanical esandleni somuntu. Kuleli phephandaba, isibonelo humerus, sitadisha ngokuningiliziwe izimiso wokusebenza of the system zemisipha kanye ukuthola kanjani ezihlobene nokwakheka nemisebenzi eyenziwa.

Izici amathambo ijabulise

umumo ongunxantathu noma cylindrical sici for the izingxenye lwamathambo - amathambo eside ezinezici ovelele ezifana epiphysis (bone imiphetho) nomzimba wakhe (diaphysis). Ezintathu zamatshe - the periosteum, ithambo uqobo kanye endoost - ziyingxenye diaphysis we humerus. khulula engenhla esitho anatomy manje wafunda kahle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi epiphyses zimumethe ithambo cancellous, kuyilapho umnyango emaphakathi emelelwa lamellae. Bakha impahla ezihlangene. Lolu hlobo babe eside amathambo ijabulise: ehlombe, indololwane, hip. Anatomy of the humerus, ehlinzekwe ngezansi isithombe sibonisa ukuthi ezakheke ufanela kahle ukwakheka compounds of ibhande ezithathekayo ngamathambo wemikhawulo yasenhla nemithombo ibhodi lemisindo.

kanjani amathambo eside

Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa embryonic we humerus nge amathambo awo wonke umzimba Kumiswa ukusuka maphakathi lwegciwane ungqimba - mesoderm. Ekuqaleni kwesonto yesihlanu kokukhulelwa, i-fetus iyakwazi mesenchymal izingxenye ngokuthi amabhukhimakhi. Zikhula ubude futhi athathe isimo amathambo ijabulise ehlombe, okuyinto Ukuqina sekuyenzeka uyaqhubeka emva kokuzalwa. Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo humerus embozwe periosteum. Lokhu igobolondo mncane ehlanganisa sezicubu zezinzwa futhi kokuba inethiwekhi branched imithambo yegazi kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa ezenza ithambo langempela nokunikeza amandla aso nesihlalo innervation. Itholakala kanye ubude lonke amathambo ijabulise futhi yakha isendlalelo lokuqala diaphysis. Njengoba esungulwe isayensi anatomy, humerus, embozwe periosteum iqukethe nokunwebeka fibre amaprotheni - collagen, kanye emangqamuzaneni akhethekile okuthiwa ama osteoblasts futhi osteoclasts. Basuke zihlelwe emhlabeni umsele emaphakathi Haversian. Njengoba bekhula, yena ugcwele ophuzi umnkantsha.

Self-ukuphulukisa, ukulungisa kanye ukukhula ukushuba we amathambo ijabulise kule lwamathambo omuntu Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa periosteum. anatomy letitsite humerus e phakathi diaphysis. It has a ebusweni esingemnandi lapho unamathele a deltoid ebusweni. Kanye yibhande nasemilenzeni engenhla kanye ehlombe ibhodi lemisindo amathambo linikeza ephakamisa futhi isihoxiso endololwaneni futhi ingalo phezulu emuva phambi kwakhe.

Okusho epiphysis lamathambo eside

Ukuphela amathambo ijabulise ehlombe ebizwa ngokuthi epiphysis aqukethe obomvu umnkantsha futhi aqukethe ikhemikhali sithambile. amaseli zayo zakha egazi - zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi nama-platelet. Epiphyses embozwe periosteum, babe amapuleti emathanjeni nokudleka izintambo ngokuthi trabeculae. Basuke ahlelwe engela komunye nomunye bese bakha nengaphakathi kwangaphakathi ngesimo izimbotshana Systems, wagcwalisa izicubu hematopoietic. Indlela ukuchaza anatomy, isakhiwo wethambo humerus emalungeni kwalo nge lokwela futhi amathambo ibhodi lemisindo kunalokho eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ebusweni articular we humerus ube semikhawulweni proximal futhi distal. Bone head has a ebusweni ayizindunduma camera hyaline uqwanga futhi bengena umgodi we blade. Special uqwanga scapular ukucindezeleka - lip articular - ukhonza njengelungu mfutho ukushaqeka, ukuthambisa amagalelo kanye concussions ngesikhathi ukunyakaza ehlombe. I capsule we ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe nomunye ekupheleni enamathiselwe ikhaba, kanye nezinye - inhloko ye humerus, ocwilayo entanyeni yakhe. It kuzole uxhumano kwebhande ehlombe esitho elingenhla khulula.

Izici ehlombe indololwane amalunga omzimba

Njengoba eyasungulwa komzimba womuntu, i-humerus siyingxenye ye hhayi kuphela eyindilinga ehlombe ngokuhlanganyela, kodwa enye - a indololwane eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe iyona mobile kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba isandla iyona ndlela okuyiyona zomsebenzi nokusebenza, futhi ukuhamba alo lihlotshaniswa lithathelwe uhamba kwabaqotho ukukhulula ukubamba iqhaza kule nhlangano.

Joint indololwane yakhiwa compounds ezintathu ezihlukene ezihlobene ezivamile capsule articular. humerus Distal ixhuma ku-ulna, ukwakha ngokuhlanganyela ginglymoid. Kanyekanye condyle ka humerus ikhanda engena imbobo sokuphela proximal ka engaba, ukwakha brachioradialis uxhumano ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla.

isakhiwo ehlombe engeziwe

anatomy evamile humerus kuhlanganisa apophyses ezinkulu nezincane - uhlevane, okuyinto isuka lamagquma. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli okunamathiselwe kwemisipha ehlombe. Kukhona inkatho silokhu sikhonza njengamaphayona esikhathi esihlalweni umsipha biceps. Umngcele umzimba wethambo diaphysis, ngezansi apophysis, kuyinto entanyeni kuhlinzwa. Kuyinto abasengozini kakhulu ukulimala ebuhlungu ehlombe - dislocations kanye waphuka. amathambo phakathi umzimba kuyisabelo engalingani lapho unamathele imisipha deltoid, futhi ngemva kwakhe - furrow ukuma Kuvunguza, okuyinto egxilile emsipheni osabalalayo. Emngceleni epiphyseal futhi diaphyseal ingxenye amanga, ngokushesha sokuhlukanisa amaseli ezibangela ekukhuleni humerus ubude.

Dysfunctions we humerus

I ukulimala obujwayelekile ophukayo ehlombe uma kwehla nobe shock eqinile lokukhanda. Isizathu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ngokuhlanganyela ayinayo lezi nemisipha eliletha ukuthula futhi imisipha kuphela ibhande corset nemilenze engenhla futhi isibopho elisizayo, kokuba ifomu collagen fibrils uvumelanise. elithambile izicubu izilonda ivamile impela ehlombe ngokuhlanganyela, ezifana tendinitis futhi capsulitis. Esimweni sokuqala kuba obonakele umsipha supraspinatus, infraspinatus, imisipha encane round. Esinye isifo kwenzeka ngenxa ukuvuvukala ehlombe egobolondweni lelunga.

Pathology Umhubhe ephelezelwa ubuhlungu engalweni kanye ehlombe, nokukhawulela ukuhamba joint ehlombe lapho izandla ngemuva isikhungo sabo esiqokiwe esandleni. Zonke lezi zimpawu kakhulu anganciphisa ukusebenza futhi umzimba.

Kuleli phephandaba, sifunda anatomy we humerus futhi wathola uxhumano yayo kanye nemisebenzi eyenziwa.