Yiziphi izinqubo mastoid amathambo yesikhashana. Kwezinye izimo, wenzela trepanation we mastoid

Mastoiditis - isifo obubhekene nabantu abaningi. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi kuyinto mastoid, futhi bakuphi. Kuyini isakhiwo saleli ingxenye ithambo yesikhashana? Yeka indlela okuyingozi ukuvuvukala lezi zakhiwo, futhi yini engase kubangelwa isifo? Lawa imibuzo abantu abaningi banesithakazelo.

Baphi izinqubo mastoid?

Mastoid ingxenye engezansi ithambo yesikhashana. Uma sikhuluma indawo yayo, kuba esinqeni ezingemuva ingxenye eyinhloko Yekhanda.

Inqubo ngokwayo ukuma Isigaxa, kumila okuyinto komngcele esifundeni azungeze phakathi fossa cranial. Phezulu yokhalo zibheke phansi - lapho benzelwe ezinye izicubu, ikakhulukazi imisipha sternocleidomastoid. Kumila inomngcele ngumuntu okuqinile Isigaxa ubuchopho igobolondo (yingakho ukuvuvukala esithathelanayo ingxenye eyingozi kakhulu, ngoba amagciwane akwazi ukungena ngqo nezicubu sezinzwa).

Nezicubu ongama, ehlanganisa ukuthi ingxenye ithambo yesikhashana, kukhona zamanzi nezitsha, Umthambo futhi BTE Vienna. Nazi amagatsha ezincane nezinkulu indlebe izinzwa.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi mastoid ungase ube ukuma ezahlukene. Abanye abantu warping eside ewumngcingo, abanye - esifushane, kodwa isisekelo ezibanzi. Lesi sici yokwakheka kuxhomeke kakhulu yofuzo.

Isakhiwo mastoid

Njengoba sekushiwo, le ngxenye wethambo yesikhashana lesi sijame njengebhoksi Isigaxa. Ngo sesayensi yokwakheka komzimba yanamuhla isinqumo ukwaba okuthiwa unxantathu Shipo, okuyinto etholakala engxenyeni anterior yenqubo. unxantathu engemuva iphahlwe i-scallop mastoid, futhi phambi umngcele budlulela at ingxenye ezingemuva yangaphandle canal sokuzwa.

I Sakhiwo sangekhatsi inqubo kuthi akufane nokwenzeka isiponji ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, njengoba kukhona sebuningini amaseli eziyize okuyizinto omunye ngaphandle womoya ezihlobene tympanum. Inombolo kanye nosayizi lamaseli ezinjalo zingase zishintshe futhi kuncike izici ukukhula nokuthuthuka i umzimba (isb, isifo indlebe ebuntwaneni eshiya trace walo ku nokwakheka mastoid).

Kundawo Shipo unxantathu yiseli ngobukhulu, ebizwa ngokuthi antrum noma emhumeni. Leli kulesakhiwo ngenxa ukuvala ukuxhumana nge ngalo ingaphakathi tympanic futhi likhona ngesikhathi umuntu ngamunye (njengoba kuqhathaniswa amaseli ezincane, okuyinto isamba zingahluka).

izinhlobo mastoid

Njengoba sekushiwo, a yesikhashana ithambo mastoid angase abe ehlukile Sakhiwo sangekhatsi. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila ingane sika ukwakheka antrum. Kufika iminyaka emithathu kukhona inqubo esebenzayo pneumatization izicubu zangaphakathi, okuyinto kuhambisana ukubukeka amaseli eziyize. By endleleni, le nqubo ihlala kulo umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato. Ngokuya ngenombolo kanye nosayizi izimbotshana kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana isakhiwo:

• Womoya mastoid izinqubo libhekene ukwakheka kwamaseli esikhulu ukugcwalisa lonke engxenyeni engaphakathi isakhiwo ithambo.
• Lapho uthayipha ngaphakathi inqubo sclerotic cishe le ndlala yayingenawo amangqamuzana.
• Ngo diploeticheskom mastoid namangqamuzana encane aqukethe esincane umnkantsha.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi odokotela abaningi ukuthola iminonjana a ukwakheka okuxubile izimbotshana kule ngxenye ithambo yesikhashana. Nalapha futhi, konke kuncike izici zofuzo umzimba, ijubane ukuthuthukiswa, kanye khona ukulimala kanye Izifo ukuvuvukala esemncane.

Ukuvuvukala inqubo mastoid nezimbangela zayo

Isifo lapho ukuvuvukala izicubu inqubo mastoid, ngokuthi mastoiditis uyalandelwa. Imbangela ezivame kakhulu amagciwane nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic ongangena kule ndawo Yekhanda ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ngokuvamile, leso sifo eba phezu zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo otitis. Ukutheleleka aphuthelwe inqubo mastoid wethambo temporal of ngalo ingaphakathi tympanic noma meatus sokuzwa. Kwezinye izimo, yisishiso ikhulela ukuhlukumezeka ngokushesha Yekhanda ethempelini indlebe. Umthombo ukutheleleka kungenzeka evuvukele lymph node, etholakala endaweni. Kakhulu kangakanani engabangela isifo igciwane letindzala yegazi.

Izimpawu eyinhloko ukuvuvukala

imphawu letibalulekile mastoiditis kakhulu zincike kobukhulu kanye nesigaba lesi sifo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze umuntu ahlukanise phakathi ukuvuvukala inqubo mastoid we media ezejwayelekile otitis kunzima kakhulu emabangeni kokuqala.

Iziguli esekhala ebukhali, ubuhlungu ngokudubula endlebeni. Kukhona imfiva, ukukhathala umzimba ukuqaqamba, ikhanda. Kukhona osenyameni evela indlebe umsele.

In the ukungabikho yokwelapha noma ukwelashwa enganele (isib lishesha kakhulu ekunqanyulweni ethola antibiotic) emitholampilo isithombe izinguquko. indlebe Mastoid kancane kancane yagcwala ubomvu kanye Umfutho wabhubhisa ithambo ngodonga phakathi amaseli. Skin nezicubu ongama of endlebeni sikhukhumale bese redden, ibe lukhuni, ashisayo uma uyithinta. Indlebe ubuhlungu buyaqina, futhi aphume indlebe canal ume obukhulu ubovu mass.

Ukuvuvukala izimbotshana mastoid ungasabalalisa ngaphansi periosteum - ubomvu kakade zanqwabelana ongama izicubu ungqimba. Kaningi, i uyadabuka ithumba ngokuzimela, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi isikhumba yakha fistula.

Yeka indlela okuyingozi kungaba isifo? Yezinkinga ezivamile

Njengoba sekushiwo, kuba ithambo mastoid ngemuva kwendlebe futhi izungezwe izitho ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi igcwele nemiphumela eyingozi. Uma kugxilwa uqalisa ngalo ingaphakathi of maphakathi nendlebe futhi kwangaphakathi eba labyrinthitis. Ukuvuvukala endlebeni ephelezelwa tinnitus, ukulahlekelwa kukuzwa nokulinganisela isitho lesion eholela ukuphazamiseka ngefanelo nangokuvumelana.

umngcele Mastoid nge okuqinile ulwelwesi ingqondo. Kodwa leli gciwane lingase lasakazekela izicubu sezinzwa, okuholela ukuthuthukiswa meningitis, encephalitis, futhi ngezinye izikhathi abscesses.

Penetration kuyinto izifo eziyingozi ezitsheni ukuthi banesibopho kwegazi cerebral - igcwele hhayi kuphela ukuvuvukala ezindongeni semithambo kodwa futhi kumiswa thrombus, isimiso lemithambo futhi ngisho ukubulala.

Izinkinga zingase zihlanganise mastoiditis futhi ukulimala kwenzwa ebusweni. Ngemva ithambo mastoid ngemuva ezindlebeni iseduze kakhulu izinzwa.

Indlela esiphatha ngayo mastoiditis?

Njengoba singabona, mastoiditis - isifo esiyingozi kakhulu, okwanele ukuze yokuyelapha ngampela. Noma imiphi imizamo yokuzibonakalisa ukubambezeleka enothi kuhambisana yezinkinga mass yingozi.

Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa wenziwa esibhedlela lapho udokotela kufanele kubhekwe isimo lesiguli. Iziguli ebekiwe imithi elwa namagciwane emthanjeni ukusiza ukulwa kwegciwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ze ukuhoxiswa khulula purulent wesisindvo meatus sokuzwa.

Lapho kudingeka trepanation yenqubo mastoid?

Ngeshwa, ukwelashwa ngoludala siyasebenza kuphela izigaba sokuqala mastoiditis. Uma ubomvu waqala buthelela izimbotshana we Ezansi ithambo yesikhashana, ukuhlinzwa kuyadingeka. Trepanation mastoid ithambo iqala inqubo ukuvulwa odongeni. Ngemva kwalokho udokotela ohlinzayo usebenzisa amathuluzi ahlanze izindwangu kobovu, icubungula kubo izixazululo isinqandakuvunda futhi elwa namagciwane. Yibe usubeka amanzi ohlelweni ekhethekile, esihlinzeka ukususwa lula futhi okusheshayo KULETHA, kanye nokuphathwa ngezihloko ezihlukene antibiotic.