I-ventilation valve yama-crankcase gases: izinhlobo, idivaysi, isimiso sokusebenza

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-injini, akhululwa kuphela amagesi aqeda amandla. Bambalwa abantu abazi nge-crankcase. Ngaphansi kwe-injini, uphethiloli, amafutha namanzi ziqoqwa. Ukuqongelela kwabo kubiza futhi kuphazamise umoto. Ukuze ususe lezi zinto, i-van valve yokuphumula imoto inikezwa nge-valvecase yokuphumula umoya. I-Tuareg ifakwe nabo. Iyini le nto futhi ihlelwe kanjani? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye eminingi ozoyifunda kusihloko sethu samanje.

Isici

Qaphela ukuthi uhlelo lwe-crankcase lwentambo yokuphumula lusetshenziswe isikhathi eside. Into esemqoka yomsebenzi wayo ilula kakhulu - ingxenye yangaphakathi ye injini ixhunywe ekugqithweni kokukhipha nge-hose. Ngaphansi kwethonya le-force rarefaction, amanzi atholakale injini kanye nomoya we-oyileji abuyiselwa emuva endleleni yokudla.

Kuzimoto ze-BMW, i-valve yokuvota yamagesi e-crankcase ihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi ama-gase ahambe ngendlela eyodwa kuphela.

Izinhlobo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zalezi zinhlelo:

• Vula.
• Kuvaliwe.

Uhlobo lokuqala lusetshenziswa kuma-motors endala. Lapha umoya womoya wawuqhutshwa emgqonyeni wezingcweti ngokusebenzisa ipayipi legatsha. Zonke izigesi zangena ngaphandle, zangena egumbini lenjini. Isistimu yayingasebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke abakhiqizi bezimoto ezingama-70 baqala ukusebenzisa i-valve yokuvalwa kwe-valvecase evaliwe. I-Opel yayingekho. Izinzuzo zesistimu enjengalezi zilandelayo:

• Izinga lokukhululwa kwezinto emkhathini lancipha.
• I-injini ayitholanga "indlala" futhi yasebenza kancane kunoma yiliphi ijubane, linikezela ngokulandelana kwesokudla.
• Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka ngaphakathi kwe-crankcase. Lokhu kwanikela ekutheni kube nemithombo emikhulu yezimpawu nezinsimbi (ohlelweni oluvulekile bavele baxoshwa ngaphandle).

Futhi, ama-valve ahlukaniswa uhlobo lokushiswa kwegesi endaweni ephindwe kabili. Kukhona i-valve egeleza ngqo ye-ventilation yamagesi e-crankcase kanye nohlobo oluphoqelelwe. On izimoto "Volga" ngezinjini ZMZ-402 ukususwa kwe-steams of uphethiloli namafutha kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ipayipi elikhulu legatsha. Uxhume isembozo se-valve ku-carburetor. Ngenxa yalokho, amagesi ahanjiswa ngokuqondile emithini yokudla, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuxubana kwesabelo se-fuel-air mix.

Idivayisi

Manje izimoto zisebenzisa i-valve ye-ventilation system yegankcase gases uhlobo lwe-membrane. Iqukethe izakhi ezilandelayo:

• Ihlanganisa.
• Iziphazamiso.
• Intwasahlobo yokubuya.
• AmaShells.

Ekugcineni kukhona ama-chute amabili. Enye yokuhlinzekwa kwamagesi e-crankcase, owesibili ukukhipha kwawo.

Isebenza kanjani?

Ukusebenza kwalo mishini kuncike kwimodi yokusebenza yenjini. Ngakho-ke, emotweni ye-muffled i-valve ngaphansi kwamandla entwasahlobo enokubuyiswa ihlanganiswe i-membrane. Lapho i-unit ingasebenzi, i-diaphragm inqobe amandla entwasahlobo (ngoba i-vacuum yenziwa ohlelweni), futhi ezinye zegesi zingena ngokuphindaphindiwe. Okulandelayo, kanye ne-fuel-air mix, bashiswa ekamelweni futhi bakhishwa emkhathini. Lapho kuguqulwa iziteshi eziyizinkulungwane eziyizinkulungwane nengxenye ikhishwa ngokuphelele yi-diaphragm. Ngakho, ama-crankcase gases angena ku-inlet ngokugcwele. Ngenxa yesikhumba angeke babuyele emuva ku-crankcase.

Indlela yokuhlola

Njengoba kuqala ukusebenza, i-valve yokuvula yegesi yamagesi eqala ukugqoka. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akusho ukuthi isici siyeke ukusebenza futhi sidinga ukushintshwa. Ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-valvecase evolve valve ayinaphutha, ibhuloho yalo lixhunyiwe kusuka injini futhi libhebhethelwa kwelinye icala. Ngendlela enhle, umoya ohlangothini oluhlukile kufanele uwele emvuthweni omncane.

Kunenye indlela engcono yokuhlola i-valve yokuvota yamagesi e-crankcase. Ukuze wenze lokhu, qala injini bese uthola ipayipi legatsha kusukela ohlangothini lwe-inlet, kuqala ukhulule ukuphoqa kuso. Bese ubeka isithupha kwisono. Nge-valve enhle, kufanele incelise. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi kukhona i-vacuum ohlelweni.

Okunye ukuxilonga futhi nesimo senjini kule valve. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwe-hose ne-intake yokudla okuningi okubonakalayo okufakwe ku-fuel filter ku (lokhu kufakwe kuma-carburetor motors). Ngemva kwesikhashana, kuyovela kuwo amafutha nophuthi. Uma lesi sihlungi sonakalisiwe ngamakhilomitha okuqala angu-100-150, iqembu le-cylinder-piston liphutha enjini. Nakuba uhlelo lwaklanyelwe ukuhambisa izinto ezilimazayo, akukho nhlobo yokungcola okufanele kugeleze ku-valve esikhathini esifushane.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Uma kungekho-rarefaction ohlelweni futhi ama-gesi angangenisi eziningi zokudla, imbangela ingenye yezinto ezimbili:

• I-valve yokuvota yamagesi e-crankcase ihlulekile.
• Uhlelo lwe-Hose olulondoloziwe.

Esikhathini esilandelayo, isizathu esiyinhloko senkinga ukugqoka iqembu le-piston. Kufanelekile ukuhlola ukucindezela kuma-cylinders. Futhi hlola izindandatho zokususa amafutha. Uma bebuthakathaka noma "bebekwe phansi", amafutha azowela ohlelweni ngobuningi. Kuzoba khona ukukhipha okoskovka. Kanye nalokhu, i-valve ngokwayo iphukile. Yini eyingozi kulokhu okwenzekayo? Uma uhlelo lungeke lushintshe amagesi, zizoqoqa kwezinye izindawo, futhi ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Ngakho-ke, badlulisa iziqu nezimpawu. In injini, i-thrust iyanyamalala, kuyinto engazinzile egijima engenzi lutho.

Uma ukucindezela kuvumelana nokujwayelekile, futhi ama-hoses awunawo ama-blockages, i-valve ngokwayo iyisola. Esimweni esinjalo kunokwanele ukuba umane ubeke esikhundleni sakhe esisha.

Intengo:

I-valve yokuvula yamagesi e-crankcase ibiza malini? "BMW" igcwaliswe ngedivayisi yama-ruble angu-2-2,5 ayizinkulungwane. Emotweni "Ford Focus" lesi sici siguqula ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesigamu. Kwi-VAZ yasekhaya i-valve ayibiza okungaphezu kwenkulungwane.

Ungayifaka kanjani?

Ake sibheke ukuthi ungashintsha kanjani lesi sici ngokwakho, usebenzisa isibonelo se-BMW injini M-54. Ngakho, okokuqala udinga ukuthola i-valve yokuvotela ngokwayo amagesi e-crankcase. Itholakala ngaphambili kwe injini, ngaphansi kokudla okuningi. Uma sesifinyelele kuso, sisusa i- idler ne-electronic throttle. Ukuze kube lula, ungase uphinde uchithe izidakamizwa eziningi (kodwa hhayi ngempela).

Manje unqamule izigxobo ezivela ku-valve yokuphuza umoya bese ususa isici ngokwayo ngaphandle. Ukufakwa kwedivayisi entsha ku-oda okulandelanayo. Ukuze uthembeke, zonke izigxobo zivikelekile ngama-clamps.

Isiphetho

Ngakho-ke, sithole ukuthi i-valve yokuvotela yamagesi e-crankcase isebenza futhi isebenza kanjani. Uma usebenzisa imoto, kufanele uhlole isimo salo lunithi ngezikhathi ezithile. Emva kwakho konke, uma i-valve ivinjiwe, unga "thola" ukufaka esikhundleni sezimpawu zamanzi nama-gaskets. Futhi lokhu kuyindleko eyengeziwe nemali, nesikhathi. Futhi phawula ukuthi uma kukhona ukuvinjelwa kwezigxobo, ukuhlinzwa okukodwa akukhawulelwanga ngalokhu. Uma kunezinkinga nge-piston, le diphofithi ikhiwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Akunconywa ukuba ugibele ngokungahambi kahle okunjalo. Phela, ukucindezela ku-crankcase ngezinye izikhathi kudlulele esimisweni. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukucindezelwa kwenjini futhi, uma kunokwenzeka, isimo sezindandatho zokususa amafutha.