Pellagra - a ... Imbangela nezimpawu pellagra

Pellagra - isifo kubonakala ngenxa yokuswela amavithamini noma ukungondleki ngenxa yokuntuleka noma ukuntula ekudleni amaprotheni, niacin kanye tryptophan acid acid.

Izifo bavezwa ingxenye efanayo kokubili abadala kanye nezingane. izingxenye abaningi bayagula abampofu sabantu. Pellagra kungenziwa ngokuqiniseka ngokuthi isifo ezintathu q - dermatitis, uhudo, ukuwohloka, ngesiNgisi uvame ukubizwa isifo izinkomba 4 futhi d wanezela ekupheleni ukufa (ukufa).

Nicotinic acid pellagra

Ngemva kokufunda lesi, abantu abaningi bangase bangaqondi, yini i-nicotine, okuyinto ushevu ngempela yingozi. Kodwa, eqinisweni, nicotinic acid - i Vitamin kubalulekile linendima omkhulu ekusebenzeni zomzimba womuntu. Ngo isimiso sezinzwa receptor ethize zikhona, umphumela lapho isiqala nje amalunga emzimbeni isamba elanele nicotinic acid, okuyinto kuveza amagciwane ethize esiswini womuntu. Kodwa, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi niacin (nicotinic acid) kuqukethwe nentuthu kagwayi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuphelele futhi ke compounds yayo abasakwazi anobuthi. Kulo ahlupheke izitho zangaphakathi, kungaba yizifo ngezifo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, ukubonakaliswa izifo ezihlukahlukene. pellagra sifo ukuzibonakalisa e ababhemayo - kuncane noma akukho zamagama siqu.

Umlando isifo

Okwakushiwo "pellagra" lihumusha njengoba isikhumba olunzima. Ikakhulukazi isifo luvame wathola ekhulwini XIX cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu. Ekupheleni lelo khulu leminyaka, lesi sifo wanyamalala eFrance kuphela.

Kwelinye izindaba ezitholakala isifo pellagra kuchazwa kanje: iziguli abe "ingilazi" amehlo nge jamela esinqunyiwe, ugodo ubuso. Izandla like emva ukusha olunzulu noma izilonda - konke imifantu futhi zibazi. Ngokuntenga enekhanda shaking kudala ukubonakala umuntu ngotshwala ukudakwa. Kubonakala sengathi beholwa athile - ukuthi uhambe kwelinye direction ke beqala ukusebenzisa kusukela umzamo wokugcina ngqo ngokwanele, ngokungazelelwe ke niwe uhleko akahlanye noma sobs esiqine.

Kwenqwaba sezifo senzeka edolobhaneni amaqembu semi isehlane (amakhaya zezingane, emajele, izibhedlela engqondo).

nokuqubuka Major entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ngakho ochwepheshe baphetha ngokuthi pellagra iyathelelwana ngokwemvelo. Kwelinye izwe kubika isifo ngoba izizukulwane emkhayeni efanayo, yingakho kwaphethwa ngokuthi pellagra omkhulu sitholwa njengefa.

Ngemva observation eside Dr. Goldberg wathola ukuthi lulwimi kukahulumeni kanye eziningi isifo pellagra wayengalokothi ukubhaliswa kokunqotshwa Izinceku isifo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlola kwenziwa ngokwalo ngo-1916 ngu Professor D. Goldberg, kanye 15 nozakwethu, wabonisa ukuthi pellagra - a kwezifo ezingathathelani. Futhi emva kwesikhashana ketshezi watholakala lapho ukwelapha ngempumelelo lesi sifo - pellagra zokuvimbela isici noma PP. Kodwa empeleni, yalolu ketshezi watholakala ngo-1873 ososayensi Weiner, kodwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi kwaba sobala ukuthi PP, futhi nicotinic acid is fike futhi the unesimo esifana.

Amavithamini emzimbeni womuntu

Vitamin B ithatha isinyathelo esibaluleke bonke trace womuntu ebalulekile. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu ukusiza ekwakhiweni ATP futhi basabela ngezindlela ezingafani. Lo vithamini kunciphisa izinga cholesterol eziyingozi egazini, kanjalo kunciphise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.

Nicotinic acid yiyona Vitamin kuphela okuyinto ibona imithi yendabuko njengoba nomuthi ehlukile futhi isebenzisa ekwelapheni izifo ezihlukahlukene sina.

Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana B amavithamini kungabangela beriberi, lokhu kwandisa:

• okuqukethwe Eliphansi nicotinic acid noma nicotinamide nge bengena umzimba nge ukudla.

• malabsorption vitamin umsebenzi ephula pheshana emathunjini nasenkathini umhlalaphansi.

• Ukungabi bikho acid tryptophan acid ekudleni - ngaphandle amagciwane emathunjini musa synthesize niacin.

• Utshwala nokulutheka.

• komdlavuza Ezingafani.

• Ukukhathala njalo nokucindezeleka.

Indima izakhi mkhondo emzimbeni womuntu

Ukungabi vitamin D kunciphisa esesuthi, isimo kokuntengantenga kwezomnotho, ukuqunjelwa nokunye. Inani elincane zokukhanya oku-ultraviolet kubangela ukuntuleka vitamin D emzimbeni, okuyinto igcwele nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo. Kuqukethwe uwoyela inhlanzi, ibhotela.

Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana vitamin E ngokuyinhloko kuthinta isimo jikelele isikhumba, izinwele nezinzipho. Kodwa futhi ngaphandle kwalo kubiza synthesis zonke izicubu zomzimba womuntu - kuthuthukisa ukuthwala umoya-mpilo egazini, kuvimbela izindawo elivela kuzo isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, kunomthelela ukusebenza evamile kwezitho zobulili.

Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana vitamin E kuyinto evamile. Lokhu antioxidant kuqukethwe eziningi ezanele e zemifino amafutha, okusanhlamvu, offal nemifino. Nokho, uma isibindi siyasebenza kahle, ngoba ukumuncwa evamile amavithamini kuyadingeka ukuze sikhuthaze uketshezi of Bile.

Ukungabi vitamin K kuholela ukuphazamiseka igazi ekunqandeni kanye ukopha kuvame kubonakala ukuqiniswa. Can zenza ingxenye esele, kufaka phakathi ukudla isibindi, isipinashi, iqabunga noma iklabishi, utamatisi no izaqathe.

Ukungabi uvithamini A izimpawu ukuntula ziyabonakala ngokuthi "ubusuku ubumpumputhe", abantu abaphethwe yilesi sifo, siyeke ukubona kusahwalala, kodwa ukubona kahle ngesikhathi sasemini. Uma ukuntula kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso, umuzwa ukoma emehlweni. Ngezinye izikhathi ungase uqale uyaxebuka noma actinic hhayi kuphela isikhumba, kodwa nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ukwehluleka nezindlala endocrine - lokhu kuthinta futhi ukuntuleka Vitamin A. Izimpawu kuyashesha ngokwanele uma elawula amandla. Found in isilwane amafutha, isibindi, uwoyela cod kwesibindi, amaqanda izikhupha, izaqathe ebomvu, utamatisi, amabhilikosi fresh. Uma upheka noma pickling amavithamini agcinwayo ngesikhathi omiswe kwenzeka ukubhujiswa okusheshayo.

Namuhla kukhona izigaba eziningana Vitamin A ukuntula, elichaza izimpawu ngezansi:

1. disorder jikelele izitho zangaphakathi, njengazo zonke ndawonye, futhi abanye. Lokhu kungenxa ukwehla kahle nokuqinisela.

2. Ukungabi kancane kancane siqala ukuvela. Ngo izifundo zokwelapha, kungenzeka kakade ukunquma ngokunembile ukuntuleka ukuntula emzimbeni.

3. Imphumelelo noma kungekho namavithamini noma cha kuphula umthetho we digestibility yayo.

Imihlobo ehlukeneko hypovitaminosis manje wandile, ikakhulukazi kwasebekhulile, ukhulelwe noma lactating abesifazane, abagijimi, izingane, abasebenzi umsebenzi onzima ngokwenyama.

Indima amavithamini emzimbeni womuntu oluphakeme sobala, futhi ukudebeselela lezi izinto eziyingozi empilweni.

Izinto ezibanga izifo

• Kuvela izilonda zesikhumba yilanga.

• Ukuphuza.

• izifo ezihlukahlukene pheshana emathunjini.

• Ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa ibele.

• izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo.

• I ukungalingani ekudleni.

Sifo nezifo emitholampilo

kwakhiwa ukuntuleka kwamavithamini emzimbeni is eminyakeni, ngaso sonke isikhathi beziguqula izifo ezihlukahlukene - kusuka engqondo emsipheni. Lapho nicotinic acid has ukushoda abantu komzimba okungamahlalakhona, ukudla, ukudla kwehle ukusebenza, ukwehla elibukhali isisindo emzimbeni.

Kwaba ngemva isikhathi isiguli uqala esekhala ukuqwasha, ukucasuka, ikhanda kanye lokukhohlwa, kukhona ukusabela okungekuhle umculo okhalela phezulu, ezinemibala egqamile futhi ukukhanya. Odlula komunye kakhulu komunye - kusukela isimo melancholy ukuba nolaka.

Zonke lezi senhliziyo kwemizwelo kuvame ukuphakamisa abanye ecabanga lokugula ngengqondo, bese uzama ukuthola ukuthi isiguli ukuvakashela kudokotela wezifo zengqondo.

Kulokhu kuyoba kuhle uma isifo ifinyelela esigabeni ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo olubanzi, futhi lo dokotela uzokwenza ukuhlolwa olunzulu, okuyinto kuthola izindawo ziyalingana ebomvu zibe maholoholo ebusweni emzimbeni futhi egqamile njengegazi ulimi ngenhloso ngaphandle shiny, nge imprints samazinyo emaphethelweni, neuritis ezahlukene futhi " lumbago ", ukulahlekelwa nozwela yimuphi amasayithi avela eceleni.

izimpawu

Ngokuyinhloko, isiguli ungafaka isicelo ngokuphelele komunye amakhono abavamile, njengobana kutjengiswa ezahlukene ngezindlela pellagra. Izimpawu zayo zihlanganisa:

- Udokotela Wesikhumba ukubona edema kanye ukulunywa epithelium umbala obomvu ezijulile, okuyinto ngezikhathi kwakhiwa amabhamuza ukuthi ekugcineni wavele bese ezimanzi, ngokubukeka izinsukwana zifane pityriasis versicolor. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhumba exfoliated futhi ngaleyo ndlela babe ebonakalayo izingqimba ngokujulile epithelium, noma ezishintshe umbala ngokuphelele futhi ukhumbuza Une-vitiligo. Ezweni lethu, pellagra - iyisifo ezingavamile.

- Uma kubhekwa gastroenterologist nesineke nalesi sifo ithola Izilonda ingane umlomo, ulimi ezinemibala egqamile, encishisiwe isisindo uyaca. Isikhalazo kuya amathe kakhulu, uhudo kanye iphunga Putrid, isicanucanu, kwehle noma ukungakuthandi ukudla, ukungakhululeki emphinjeni noma emphinjeni push Ochwepheshe izifundo ezengeziwe - sigmoidoscopy kanye / noma fibrogastroduodeniyu. Ngokusho imiphumela yokuhlolwa kuyoba yoma elibonakalayo mucosa yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini, ngezinye izikhathi ezindongeni izilonda ezincane ukopha zibonakala.

- Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina lesi sifo, iziguli ezivakashela wezifo zengqondo noma udokotela wezinzwa. Kuleli qophelo iqala ethuthuka komqondo, okuyinto kuhambisana sengqondo noma encephalopathy, okuyinto livezwa ukusangana ahlukahlukene, okuyize Paranoid ezinokuthambekela lokukhathazeka. Encephalopathy syndrome kuhambisana ingaphazamisi ukwazi, ukuvela oncelayo engalawuliwe sihlangana reflex, kukhuphuke imisipha ithoni.

Izimpawu pellagra kuzoya kakhulu ngokuthi yikuphi esiteji sizodingida isisulu futhi onguchwepheshe aluthole - wazivelela.

Isithombe emitholampilo ye isifo wehlukile ngempela futhi zingahlanganiswa nezinye izimpawu of hypovitaminosis.

Pellagra, isithombe izimpawu ezivamile ngezansi, libhekene ezihlukahlukene nezilonda emlonyeni, dermatitis, situlo disorder nokuphazamiseka engqondweni bemvelo ezahlukene. Okungukuthi, izimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Ngo abadala ne izimpawu isifo pellagra zibangelwa ubuthakathaka, ukunganakwa, ukwehla noma ukungabi okuphelele ukudla futhi ngenxa yalokho kwesisindo, ukucasuka, ukukhathala.

Ukukhungatheka ngezinsimbi zesihlalo, kanye nezinguquko kule mucosa we epidermis avele ngasekupheleni ebusika. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, singekho izimpawu emva kokwelashwa iqala evutha emlonyeni amathe kakhulu. Ukulandela le ivela nokuvuvukala izindebe, okungcono ephansi, nge waphuka ezibuhlungu. Oral mucosa hyperemic futhi izinsini nolimi embozwe izilonda ezincane. Ulimi limbozwa patina omnyama ensundu, kodwa ichopho futhi imiphetho kukhona amakhulu abomvu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulimi zibomvu ngokuphelele, livela kukhanye lacquered. Ngo edematous ulimi papillae hypertrophied futhi zivela njengoba amachashazi abomvu egama-imprints amazinyo ziyabonakala. Ngemva kwalokhu izimpawu acute kancane kancane uya zabhuntsha, ukuphaphatheka lwamafinyila yoma papillae, kodwa imisele ejulile kungase kuvele kobuso ulimi. isikhumba lesion kwenzeka ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezivulekile.

pellagra Okungalapheki: izimpawu zesifo

Amashashaza, epidermal ukuqina ngenhloso ngaphandle zibe maholoholo, okuyinto ke siqala esikhunjeni, izacile, futhi ekugcineni yoma. Kwezinye izimo kungase kube ibonakalisa umgogodla-poliradikulonevriticheskogo, noma i-cerebrospinal polinevriticheskogo syndrome.

Lapho lesi sifo ngokuvamile ukucindezeleka, ukukhanya ngokushelela ku sengqondo. Lesi simo singaba iminyaka, ne yonyaka entwasahlobo exacerbations ukuthi kungenzeka ne yezinkinga ezahlukene ngesimo typhoid noma izimpawu ukuphathwa isifo sohudo kaningi, akuvamile ukuthuthukisa ukhwekhwe.

Kuze kube manje, emazweni athuthukile kungokuhluke ezingavamile. Kodwa kwezinye izingxenye ze-Afrika noma e-Asia, pellagra - inkinga engathí sina, Nokho, odokotela bendawo bona it ngendlela efanele usaqala. Ngenxa yale njongo-ke kuyoba okwanele ukuba kudlule umchamo ukucacisa methylnicotinamide ezingeni kanye nenani kwegazi nicotinic acid b iqembu-Vitamin kokuqukethwe.

ukwelashwa

Iziguli zidinga ukuba esibhedlela lapho ebekiwe ezinye ithebula migqa elandelayo:

1. Amaphrotheni Ukudla ngokuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu ukudla ephansi fat, broths, inkukhu noma izigwaca amaqanda, ubisi noma ubisi nemikhiqizo.

2. Amalungiselelo equkethe nicotinic acid. Indlela futhi umthamo zincike kobukhulu isifo, futhi comorbidity.

3. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukunamathela ngokuqinile embhedeni ukuphumula.

4. ukwakhiwa abahlukahlukene lapho Vitamin elikhona nenani edingekayo.

5. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, watusa egijima igazi.

6. Uma yezifo zengqondo njengamanje, ngokusho kongoti, ikakhulukazi besebenzisa zinhlungu ahlukahlukene, nemithi yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.

7. Isiguli kufanele ugweme eside bechitha isikhathi e ilanga size silulame.

Uma ungenalo unake kukhona izimpawu zesifo kanye ungahambisani ukwelashwa, pellagra uyakwazi ngokubulala indoda e iminyaka engaba mihlanu.

zokuvimbela

In izicelo prophylactic, kuzomele uqede ukudla okunempilo kanye lemali edingekile ukudla kudliwe antipellagricheskogo isici. I nsuku zonke mfuneko omdala ngoba Vitamin PP mayelana 15-25 mg.

Inani elanele zonke saleli vithamini itholakala kakolweni, imvubelo, offal. Ubisi eqhukethe tryptophan, lapho umzimba kalula kwemiqondo kule nicotinic acid.

Ngokuba nokuvimbela ezingamahlalakhona pellagra parenteral abaphathi kudinga ngemithamo ezinkulu amavithamini ezidingekayo umzimba, uma ikhona emlandweni sifo, ukugxambukela ukumuncwa evamile kwezakhi umzimba, noma kukhona izifo ezingelapheki noma oyingozi. Ngakho-ke, indima amavithamini emzimbeni womuntu obaluleke ngokwanele.

Kusobala ukuthi leso sifo kulula ukuze kuvinjelwe kuka ukuxilonga esifike ngesikhathi futhi ikhambi.