Uyini div ukuba "Pascal"? Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibalo nezibonelo

Njalo ngonyaka isidingo uMklami umsebenzi. Okwamanje zokubhala amakhodi kabanzi emhlabeni izilimi kweshumi emazingeni ehlukene. Ukuze inqubo yokufunda computer iyashelela, abafundi esikoleni esiphakeme futhi abafundi 1-2 izifundo bafundiswa kuqala ukwakha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza ngolimi "Pascal". Operations div futhi Mod, nezinye izibalo sesazulwini sawo focus kwalesi sihloko.

A amazwi ambalwa ngolimi Pascal

"Pascal" yadalwa 1968-1969 by isazi sesayensi esidumile Niklaus Wirth, okwathi kamuva yaklonyeliswa Turing Award nendondo "Pioneer computer." Kugcine ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba nengxenye ekuthuthukiseni ulimi ejwayelekile "Algol-68." Esihlokweni eyanyatheliswa ngo-1970, injongo eyinhloko yomsebenzi wakhe Wirth ngokuthi ukudalwa ithuluzi ngempumelelo esebenzisa izinhlelo ehlelekile futhi idatha.

Ngemva kwalokho, ulimi "Pascal" olwake lwalithinta ezinkulu kakhulu emkhakheni kolwazi nobuchwepheshe, eba ngomunye base. Kuze kube namuhla, kusekelwe kuthatha professional ukuqeqeshwa izinhlelo eziningi amanyuvesi okuholela zomhlaba.

Uyini division inamba

Esifundweni sezibalo, ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi ukuqonda ukusebenza kwe integers ezimbili. Ngenxa yalokho besigaba inamba yomunye wabo komunye, kuba inamba ingxenye quotient. Ngamanye amazwi, uma:

24: 6 = 4;

100: 3 = 33

55: 6 = 9;

nokunjalo.

Inombolo ephelele division sibuye sibizwe ngokuthi lokuthola quotient esinqunyiwe.

Phawula ukuthi kulo msebenzi, uma idividendi lincane isihlukanisi, umphumela uba zero.

Isho yokwahlukana inamba a b, kokubili q. ke

t. e. ophikweni olunamandla wenziwa ngomqondo evamile, kulandele ukuqoqa umphumela lifike kunamba eseduze ohlangothini ezincane.

Ukusebenza ngo div "Pascal"

div - In ngolimi lwethu ihlinzeka opharetha esikhethekile inamba division. Inkulumo Pascal, ifomula zazo uvezwa ngenhla, kuyodingeka ifomu:

q: = b div.

Uma sikhuluma constants, Ngokwesibonelo, = 50 kanye b = 9 ke sizoba q: = 50 div 9. Ngenxa yalokho, q kuyoba ulingana 5.

Ukubala esele

Ukusebenza ngo div "Pascal" ngokuvamile wafundela Mod. Singakezwa ukuthi okushiwo kule rekhodi, sibheke indlela ungathola lonke inani.

Ngokusobala, lingatholakala usebenzisa ukubaluleka wathola yokwahlukana inamba, isb. E.

r = a - Bx q.

Ukusebenza mod e "Pascal"

Ngo Pascal, thola okusele kungaba silula. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo inikezwa kanambambili opharetha Mod.

Kulotshiwe kanje:

r = b Mod.

Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, i = 50 kanye b = 9, khona-ke siba r: = 50 mod 9. Ngenxa yalokho, r ilingana 4.

ngokoqobo

Ukuthola okusele sokuhlukanisa (r) isetshenziswa Computing kanye nezokuxhumana. Njengoba imisebenzi yokulawula ikhiqizwa, nezinombolo okungahleliwe in ezahlukene esilinganiselwe.

opharetha mod, futhi isetshenziswa ukunquma kaningi izinombolo, m. e. divisibility inombolo eyodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uzobamba omunye umphumela inamba. Ngokusobala, lezi pair of izinombolo, okuyiwona umphumela isicelo opharetha inika 0 Mod.

Esikhathini "Pascal" isimo kaningi singatlolwa bunjesi:

uma b mod = 0 bese ubhala (a, 'nesibaya', b).

Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ikhodi isimo isiqalo eqoshiwe ngenhla wokulandisa a = 4 futhi b = 2 qapha izoveza eliqoshwe umbhalo othi "4 nesibaya 2".

Ngaphezu kwalokho, mod opharetha ingasetshenziswa ukubonisa idijithi yokugcina ka inombolo inotheshini yedesimali. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa r ukwakhiwa = mod 10. Ngokwesibonelo, umyalo r = 37 mod 10 7 uyonika umphumela.

opharetha TRUNC

Kunenye opharetha, ngawo ungathola yi efanayo kusuka div ukuba "Pascal". Kumayelana TRUNC, okuyinto awasebenzi kuphela integers. It okukhiphayo umphumela njengoba ingxenye inamba ye-agumenti wamaqhuzu. Kanye opharetha "evamile" etholwe sokuhlukanisa yi efanayo. Cabanga ngesibonelo ngenhla. Makungaphumi = 51 kanye b = 9. Khona-ke i-q umyalo: = 51 9 div ukuthola q: = 5, sithola ngenxa ukuqoqa. Uma Nokho, zisebenza inani elifanayo opharetha TRUNC ke q: = TRUNC (51/9) ngeke q: .. = 5, okusho ukuthi, babe umphumela ofanayo.

ISIBONELO 1

Cabanga indlela ungasebenzisa div futhi Mod ku "Pascal" ukuxazulula izinkinga ezingokoqobo. Ake sithi kudingeka uthole isamba izinombolo inombolo idijithi ezimbili. Ukucabanga simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Njengoba kakade kushiwo ngenhla, lokugcina kwamadijithi izinombolo angatholakala ngokufaka isicelo futhi nenombolo 10, Mod opharetha;
• Ngokuqondene nenani kuqala, bese kuyobahambela, uma esikhundleni mod ku-team div "Pascal".

Sibhala ikhodi yolimi "Pascal". Kuyobukeka kanje:

Uhlelo Sum_2; (Igama Uhlelo)

var Inombolo, inombolo1, inombolo2, Ingqikithi: inamba; (Uhlu eziguquguqukayo futhi ukucacisa uhlobo yabo njengenombolo ephakathi)

uqale (ekuqaleni zohlelo umzimba)

ukubhala ( 'wokufaka izinombolo ezingu-Amabili'); (Bonisa inkulumo ethi "wokufaka izinombolo ezingu-Two")

ukufunda (Inombolo); (Inombolo wokufaka kokuqala)

Inombolo1: = Inombolo div 10; (Ukubalwa idijithi yokuqala)

Inombolo2: = Inombolo mod 10; (Ukubalwa idijithi yesibili)

Isamba: = inombolo1 + inombolo2; (Ukubalwa inani izinombolo)

ukubhala (Sum); (Umphumela okukhipha esikrinini)

ekupheleni.

Ukuze inombolo 25, umphumela usebenzisa lolu hlelo 7, futhi, isibonelo, 37 - 9.

ISIBONELO 2

Bhala ikhodi uhlelo sinquma isamba enamba amadijithi angu-3.

Indlela yamthola zakamuva - kuyaqondakala. Akukhona kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ukubala we 1st. Kwenzeka ngenxa ukusebenzisa div opharetha "Pascal" kule nombolo futhi 100. It uhlala ukuthola indlela ukuthola idijithi yesibili. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa ukwenza lemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka ngaphezulu, okuyinto etholakala uma nesibalo yokuqala, futhi ukusebenzisa div opharetha 10, bese kuba yi futhi 10 Mod opharetha.

Ikhodi Uhlelo ukubala isamba izinombolo inombolo enamadijithi amathathu kuyoba kanje:

Uhlelo Sum_3; (Igama Uhlelo)

var Number3, Ingqikithi: inamba; (Uhlu eziguquguqukayo futhi ukucacisa uhlobo yabo njengenombolo ephakathi)

uqale (ekuqaleni zohlelo umzimba)

ukubhala ( 'wokufaka inombolo idijithi Tree-'); (Bonisa ibinzana «wokufaka Tree-zenombolo»)

ukufunda (Number3); (Inombolo wokufaka kokuqala)

Ingqikithi: = Number3 div 100 + Number3 mod 10 + Number3 div 10 mod 10; (Ukubalwa inani)

ukubhala ( 'Sum); (Umphumela okukhipha esikrinini)

ekupheleni.

amanothi

Qaphela ukuthi ukwahlukana operation ezivamile lapho isetshenziswa inamba agumenti angaphezu liklasi labo. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko iyahlule ukusebenza e div "Pascal", kanye opharetha mod, anikeza umphumela njengenombolo ephakathi.

I-oda ukubulawa kanambambili uhlobo imisebenzi (m. E. Okwenziwe ku 2 operands) e inkulumo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunqunywa bo kambaphambili nabakaki. Ngamanye amazwi, uma kukhona kubakaki Kuhlolwa kuqala inkulumo yabo kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla. Imisebenzi *, /, mod futhi div kukhona kuqala ngaphezu kwezihlalo + futhi -. Uma kubakaki alikho, okokuqala kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla kufanele kube ukwenza izenzo nge kuqala ephakeme, bese - + futhi -.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini umsebenzi isetshenziswa div "Pascal". Uyazi amathuba ahlinzekwa ukusetshenziswa opharetha mod ukuthi, ngokuqinisekile, kuzokusiza ukwakha izinhlelo zakho zokusebenza.