Uyini automatism senhliziyo? automaticity senhliziyo

Uyini automatism senhliziyo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kuqukethwe isihloko ngezansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, liqukethe ulwazi ukwephulwa imiphumela yempilo yomuntu elihlobene ne umqondo okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili.

Uyini automatism senhliziyo?

Imicu yotshani Muscle e bantu sikwazi ukuba asabele ekunciphiseni ishayela ecasulayo bese ngokulandelana ulithumele kulo zokunciphisa imisipha isakhiwo. It is wafakazela ukuthi ezicezile senhliziyo esilimele uyakwazi ngokuzimela ukukhiqiza injabulo futhi wenze Kufinyeta onesigqi. Leli khono ngokuthi automatism inhliziyo.

Izimbangela automaticity inhliziyo

Qonda uyini automatism wenhliziyo, kungaba kusuka okulandelayo. Inhliziyo unekhono ethize ukuze ukhiqize ishayela kagesi, balandela ngokubamba ngifinyelele izakhiwo kwemisipha.

node Sinoatrial - cluster peysmekerskih uhlobo amaseli lokuqala (eliqukethe u-40% mitochondria alengayo elise myofibrils, akukho T-uhlelo yakhiwa inqwaba calcium khulula ayiqondakali yathuthukisa uxhaxha sarcoplasmic) elise odongeni kwesokudla aphakeme vena cava, ngesikhathi confluence le ATRIUM kwesokudla .

kwakhiwa zesikhashana node atrioventricular yohlobo wesibili ngu amaseli ukuthi ukuqhuba izinzwa engeyokuqala sinoatrial, kodwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile okungenzeka ngokuzimela ukhiqize kagesi. amaseli Transitional aqukethe mitochondria ezimbalwa (20-30%) kanye myofibrils kancane kunangendlela oda cell yokuqala. node Atrioventricular ise interatrial septum kwalo is adluliselwe ku-excitation ugongolo nasemilenzeni besigaxa legatsha block (mitochondria aqukethe 20-15%).

Purkinje Imicu yotshani kukhona ukudluliselwa esigabeni esilandelayo excitation. Bona ukunweba cishe ngesikhathi ngodonga phakathi kusuka ngamunye amabili besigaxa block legatsha. La mangqamuzana aqukethe mitochondria-10% kuphela, njengakwamanye ikhipha okunye okucishe kufane ukuze inhliziyo imisipha zesivikelo sesifuba.

I sebengavela i ishayela kagesi kwenzeka peysmekerskih sinoatrial engeyokuqala emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa potentiates wave excitation inkanuko 60-80 amabhithi ngeminithi. Uyena umshayeli lokuqala oda. Wesuka wave idluliselwa ku eyesibili neyesithathu conductive isakhiwo ezingeni. Bayakwazi ukuthwala kokubili nombono excitation futhi ngokuzimela ntombazane nokwehlisa amaza aphansi. Umshayeli ezingeni lesibili ngemva engeyokuqala itheku atrioventricular, elikwaziyo ukudala yabo ngomzuzu 40-50 esithweni ngokungabi bikho umsebenzi inhibitory we-node itheku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, excitation idluliselwa ku isakhiwo lenqwaba laKhe, okuyinto eveza 30-40 amabhithi ngeminithi ke icala zikagesi ageleza eya lenqwaba imilenze yakhe (25-30 cpm) kanye Purkinje fibre uhlelo (20 pulses ngeminithi) futhi engena ukusebenza kwemisipha amaseli we myocardium .

Ngokuvamile amaza kusukela sinoatrial engeyokuqala ikhono ezimele ukucindezela umsebenzi kagesi izakhiwo ecashile. Uma iphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-oda lokuqala umshayeli, umsebenzi wakhe kuzixhumannisi azithathe emi ngezansi uhlelo conduction.

izinqubo Chemical ezinikeza inhliziyo automaticity

Uyini automatism wenhliziyo imigomo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali? Ezingeni yamangqamuzana, isisekelo nesenzakalo esizimele kagesi (isenzo engaba) ku nolwelwesi peysmekerskih cell khona okuthiwa impulsatora. Umsebenzi wakhe (inhliziyo umsebenzi automatism) unezigaba ezintathu.

Izigaba impulsatora:

• isigaba 1st wokulungiselela (superoxide yi nokuxhumana umoya-mpilo ne-phospholipids kahle icala phezu ulwelwesi cell surface peysmekerskoy ke eqala icala negative, inikeza bezikhali uhlezi);
• 2nd isigaba potassium ne-sodium ezokuthutha asebenzayo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho icala sangaphandle iseli iba elilingana 30 MW;
• 3rd isigaba gxuma electrochemical - usebenzisa amandla elakhiwe phakathi udoti esisheshayo zinhlobo oksijini (i-oksijini ionized futhi i-hydrogen peroxide) usebenzisa enzyme catalase futhi dismutase superoxide. Ibangelwa amandla Quanta ukwanda biocapacity pacemaker ukuze kubangela i engaba isinyathelo.

Izinqubo amaseli ishayela odala - elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngempela zenzeka ezimweni khona esanele umoya-mpilo yamangqamuzana, okuyinto ilethwa nalokho erythrocyte inflowing igazi.

Ukwehlisa umsebenzi noma ukumisa ngokwengxenye okusebenzela izigaba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu impulsatora uhlelo kwephula bavumelana umsebenzi peysmekerskih amaseli, okubangela arrhythmia. Ukuvimba omunye izinqubo zalesi simiso kubangela okungazelelwe ukuboshwa inhliziyo. Eqaphela ukuthi automatism ezinjalo inhliziyo, ungakwazi ukuqonda futhi inqubo.

Umthelela autonomic nervous system ukuze imisipha yenhliziyo

Ngaphezu ikhono yabo ukukhiqiza amaza kagesi, umsebenzi inhliziyo ilawulwa amasignali kusuka imisipha innervating nezinzwa nozwela futhi parasympathetic, ku ukwehluleka okungenzeka konakalise automaticity inhliziyo.

Umthelela division nozwela isheshisa inhliziyo, kunomphumela Ugqozi. innervation Ngozwela has a omuhle chronotropic, inotropic, umphumela dromotropic.

Ngaphansi isenzo owawukhona ohlelweni parasympathetic sezinzwa , deceleration depolarization peysmekerskih amaseli (isinyathelo inhibitory), futhi kungakho okwehlisa izinga inhliziyo (chronotropic negative senzo), ukwehla conductivity ngaphakathi inhliziyo (nomphumela ongemuhle dromotropic), ukwehla kwamandla kagesi systolic ukusikwa (nomphumela ongemuhle inotropic), kodwa excitability ngcono inhliziyo (omuhle batmotroponoe isinyathelo). Lesi sakamuva nayo ithathwe ukuhlukumeza inhliziyo automaticity umsebenzi.

Izimbangela inhliziyo automatism

1. ischemia myocardial.
2. Ukuvuvukala.
3. Ukudakwa.
4. Ukwephulwa ibhalansi sodium, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium.
5. ukungasebenzi kwama-hormone.
6. Ukwephula umthelela eziyimpumelelo ezizimele nozwela futhi parasympathetic.

Izinhlobo arrhythmias kudalwa ukwephulwa automaticity wenhliziyo

1. Itheku tachy-futhi bradycardia.
2. Breathing (osekhulakhulile) arrhythmia.
3. arrhythmia Extrasystole (itheku, atrial, atrioventricular, ventricular).
4. tachycardia Paroxysmal.

Hlukanisa arrhythmia ngenxa conduction iziyaluyalu automaticity futhi reentry ukwakha amagagasi (reentry wave) kwelinye noma olucacile izingxenye inhliziyo, umphumela uba fibrillation noma flutter atrial.

fibrillation Ventricular - omunye arrhythmias kakhulu ezisongela ukuphila, okuyinto is phetho okungazelelwe ukuboshwa inhliziyo nokufa. Indlela ephumelela kunazo zonke yokwelapha - defibrillation kagesi.

isiphetho

Ngakho kubhekwe, uyini automatism kwenhliziyo, bakwazi ukuzwisisa lokho ukwephulwa zingenzeka uma ukugula. Lokhu, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba alwe izindlela sifo kangcono futhi kuphumelele kangcono.