Automaticity kwenhliziyo yomuntu: yencazelo, incazelo, amayunithi futhi umyela

automaticity senhliziyo limelela Rhythmic ukusikwa umzimba ngaphansi isenzo pulses okwenzeka therein ngaphandle impendulo ezishukumisa kusuka ngaphandle. Automaticity sizalwa nawo wonke umzimba futhi izingxenye ezithile, kodwa hhayi imisipha yenhliziyo. Kunobufakazi zalesi simo - umzimba Rhythmic bezilwane nabantu abavela ukusikeka ukuzihlanganisa konke futhi senziwa ngaphandle komzimba.

Abashayeli oda izinga lokuqala

Ukuze uthole ukuthi elinjani ukuthini Automata kwenhliziyo, kwatholakala ukuthi ezinzwa amaza kungenziwa elakhiwe kumaseli atypical esivimba amanzi. Uma umuntu enempilo, le nqubo kwenzeka eduze engeyokuqala sinoatrial ngenxa umehluko zeseli kanye nesakhiwo nezinye izingxenye zesakhiwo. Basuke ahlelwe amaqembu, kufanele ukuma uthi lokuphotha, futhi zizungezwe lamina basal. Eyesibili igama la mangqamuzana - abashayeli ye-oda izinga lokuqala (elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo). exchange izinqubo kwenzeke kuzo ngesivinini, futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu metabolites bahlale uketshezi interstitial, ngaphandle kokuba esizakukhutjhwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ezilandelayo:

• permeability Kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu calcium kanye sodium ion.
• Inani elincane bezikhali ulwelwesi.

Ngenxa umehluko emakamu sodium ne-potassium wabonisa umsebenzi kancane isebenze-sodium potassium futha.

Automaticity wenhliziyo

Adalberto isikhathi eside wayengekho inhliziyo automaticity kuze kube sekupheleni uphenyo, naphezu nesithakazelo esikhulayo lezifundiswa kule nqubo. Indlela ligatures Stannius - umjikelezo ucwaningo eyaziwa eyenziwa ngesisekelo ukususwa Kwezinye izingxenye frog inhliziyo Imbondela kusaladi. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi umzimba likhona 2 automaticity isikhungo okungenani.

Omunye wabo Itholakala itheku emithambo yegazi, kusiza bakubheka izifinyezo yesibili - ungaphakathi ingxenye phakathi i-ventricle futhi Atria (futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i ezifihliwe). Umsebenzi wakhe iyaqala kuphela ngemva iqedwe 1 isikhungo. Imisipha yenhliziyo, okuyinto kude izikhungo kokubili imisebenzi - encishisiwe - bebodwa. Ngakho, automaton kwenhliziyo yomuntu lihlotshaniswa amaza avela ekukhanyeni lezi zikhungo.

Indlela Yokwenza Landergorfa

Ukuze kuncishiswe yenziwa ngaphandle kwase kwenhliziyo umzimba, indlela Landergorfa. Nansi incazelo kanje:

1. Inhliziyo ukuphuma futhi ufaka cannula ku le-aorta, okuyinto ixhunywe sitja ingilazi.
2. Lo mkhumbi ligcwele solution, Ringer sika kanye glucose, noma angase engezwe igazi defibrinated.
3. Ikhambi Ngaleso ayegcwele umoya-mpilo futhi ukufuthelana lokushisa ethile (mayelana 48 degrees Celsius).
4. Fluid uqala ukugeleza ucindezelwa elikuyi-aorta-valve Kuvalwa futhi uketshezi iqondiswe ku-ukuxhumelela imithambo yenhliziyo, umsebenzi okuyinto - amandla wonke isitho.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo, komzimba wesilwane, noma umuntu uyakwazi ukusebenza isikhathi eside, lena automaticity zenhliziyo. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela, ungakwazi ukubuyela le pulses wenhliziyo, okuyinto vele ime amahora ambalwa edlule. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 ngokokuqala kwathi ngivuselele nomzimba wengane abasha, futhi kamuva kuphela walulama umsebenzi inhliziyo, okuyinto hhayi eziqhutshwa cishe amahora angu-48. Ngemva kokudlulisa isixazululo ngokusebenzisa izitsha inhliziyo sasisekelwa amahora angaba ngu-15.

Incazelo okuzenzakalelayo Process

automaticity kwenhliziyo yomuntu iqala esigabeni diastole ka ukubonakaliswa yayo - sodium ku ukuhamba cell. Ulwelwesi ezingaba encishisiwe ngaleyo ndlela kakhulu, avame ukubaluleka ezingeni ubuncane depolarization. Encishisiwe ophethe ulwelwesi, futhi uqala depolarization kancane diastole. Vula iziteshi calcium ne-sodium wkisiphequluli esilazayo depolarization isigaba, ion sebeqala waqondisa ingqamuzana. Ngenxa yalokhu icala, kuqala evele incipha futhi sifinyelela zero, ngakho okuphambene esikhundleni. Sodium ihamba kuze kube yakhoibrium kufinyelelwe ngu ion yayo (electrochemical).

Kufika isigaba ithafa. Kube uyaqhubeka ukunyakaza calcium. izicubu inhliziyo ihlala nonexcitability okwamanje. Lapho ufika yakhoibrium ion efanele esigabeni amachopho repolarization kwenzeka, okusho ulwelwesi icala ukubuya ezingeni yasekuqaleni.

ISIZINDA inhliziyo automaticity

A indawo ekhethekile inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi hlala amasayithi kwenhliziyo automaticity. oda wokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi engeyokuqala sinoatrial. Lokhu umshayeli kuyinto izinga lokuqala oda, iqinisekisa evamile kwenhliziyo. Isebangeni eduze confluence aphakeme vena cava. isakhiwo Ezazimzungezile - inombolo encane senhliziyo esilimele Imicu yotshani nge eziyimpumelelo kwemizwa. wesibili oda node ngokuthi engeyokuqala atrioventricular. Lena umshayeli ezifihliwe izinga lesibili-oda. Iqukethe eyesithathu-oda node amaseli conduction ventricular uhlelo.

Bonke abashayeli ukusekela engezansi ukuze rate rate rate igunya, uma kukhona ephelele inhliziyo block. Imvamisa ventricular izinga kuyeza eliphansi, futhi iziguli ezifakelwa pacemaker uhlobo kagesi, isb i pacemaker yokufakelwa.

Ukuvela ezingaba

sinoatrial node ezahlukene bevela amplitude ezivamile ngesikhathi - 50 mV. Esikhathini nekhono esimweni esejwayelekile avela ngesikhathi engeyokuqala ngenxa yokuba khona amangqamuzana kukhona abashayeli izinga lokuqala oda. I izingxenye ezisele inhliziyo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile futhi ukhiqize ezinzwa amaza lapho umfutho eyengeziwe, kanye kokuvala oda kuqala. Ngakho, isizukulwane pulses lesibili ukuze engeyokuqala (imvamisa mayelana izikhathi 60 / amaminithi). Phakathi ukushukuma at node amaseli isixha yakhe kakhulu, imvamisa Sehlile 30 (abashayeli third-oda rate).

Isenzo ezingaba wabo bonke elawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuqondile wakhona eliphezulu ulwelwesi permeability calcium kanye sodium ion, nokwehlisa permeability potassium ion.

automaticity umyela

Automaticity wenhliziyo ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zonke izingxenye Uhlelo ukuyiveza sinoarterialnym node "abeke" isigqi lalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zonke izingxenye uhlelo nge siqu isigqi kabusha yayo ukusebenza ngesivinini lesifanako. Wesilinganiso automaticity inhliziyo - into esehlisa ikhono automaticity njengoba ibanga kusuka endaweni nje okungaqondile pulses, isb engeyokuqala ye-oda kuqala.

Kuyinto ayikaziwa isitshela lokho okuyobangela ushintsho olwenzeka isigubhukane ophathwa iseli, kwenzeka angesabi. Automaticity inhlitiyo kungase kuhlobane okuqukethwe acetylcholine e abashayeli isigqi. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lo mkhuba kungenxa izici of umzimba emangqamuzaneni umshayeli, okungaba ukushintsha isimo nolwelwesi ebusweni.