Uyini art omkhulukazi

Ezikoleni lanamuhla, abafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme bafundiswa isihloko esibaluleke kakhulu futhi kudingekile, enesihloko esithi "Umhlaba Art Culture". MCC Yiqiniso ifundisa abafundi mayelana yobuciko izakhiwo kanye buciko kusukela endulo kuze kube namuhla. Uhlelo sihlanganisa kwesigaba njengoba art omkhulukazi. Nge sikuye look manje eduze.

Uyini art omkhulu?

Lesi sigaba olukhethekile buciko, lapho plastic noma semantic yezakhiwo umsebenzi umthwalo, kanye ukubaluleka kokuqukethwe lomqondo. Igama elithi "omkhulukazi" lisuselwa Latin moneo, okusho "ukukhumbuza". Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba lolu hlobo lobuciko - omunye omdala emhlabeni.

Umlando yobuciko omkhulukazi

Izimpande lolu hlobo izakhiwo kanye Umdwebo iphindela umphakathi lasekuqaleni. abantu sidilizwa wayesanda bafunda indlela ukudweba, ngobubhimbi agcinwe kule iminwe kwelahle, kodwa imisebenzi yabo yokudweba omkhulukazi ku emhumeni izindonga Kuyamangaza kakade. Yiqiniso, base zaveza ngobubhimbi, inala imibala esahambile, kodwa umuzwa samanje. Kuwo, kumelwe alethe abantu basendulo mayelana emvelo, ukuphila kwakho siqu, amakhono ehlukene. Ngakho-ke izindonga emhumeni abangu ehlotshiswe izigcawu ezihlukahlukene kusukela ngokunamandla kangaka ukuphila komuntu bakudala: yezimayini omkhulukazi, omuhle ukwedlula emhumeni, besina isiko emhlabeni komlilo, futhi nabaningi abanye.

umphakathi lwasekuqaleni wakhala izwe lasendulo, futhi kukhona umsebenzi omkhulu futhi wathola indawo yayo. EGibhithe lasendulo, lokhu art wayethandwa kakhulu futhi iyahlonishwa. Yilokhu sithi sphinx esekhona kanye nemibhoshongo ecijile yaseGibithe. Esikhathini Renaissance kwakukhona izimbali bokwakha omkhulukazi. It wazalelwa yobuciko ezifana esifanekisweni kaDavide, Umdwebo "I Ukudalwa kuka-Adamu", kanye yokudweba ophahleni we eSistine Chapel. Zonke lezi imisebenzi Uyi wayeyisazi isikhathi sakhe - Michelangelo Buonarroti.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-19 futhi ekuqaleni kuka-20 art ekhulwini uphokophele entsha. Isitayela ethandwa kakhulu ke "yesimanje" futhi wacabanga ngalokhu lokusungula, yingakho imisebenzi omkhulukazi kakhulu Kwakuseshwa kulesi siqondiso. ikakhulukazi Lokhu singafaneleki umdwebo bese kubonakala ngemisebenzi abaculi ezifana M. Vrubel, uMaurice Denis nabanye. Kodwa alilitshelwe kanye izakhiwo, ngalesi sikhathi umsebenzi ezifana Okugweda A. Bourdelle futhi A. Maillol. Izandla zabo esedale iningi imisebenzi uhlobo of ebaziwe omkhulu, okuyinto sibuka futhi bahlonipha kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ukuthuthukiswa omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi ukwamukela lolu hlobo lobuciko kwaba e-USSR. Izwe abaseSoviet bawaxosha izinhlelo kaNapoleon, namatshe ezikhumbuzo umxhwele futhi ezinezikhoxe kahle ngangokunokwenzeka sibonise imibono yayo. Umxhwele, Ezifuna okusezingeni eliphezulu phezulu eziqoshiwe ezibonisa isibindi amandla abasebenzi ngaleso sikhathi.

Izibonelo zalolu hlobo lobuciko

Lokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili imisebenzi yezakhiwo kanye olungokomfanekiso. art Monumental kuhlanganisa yamatshe yasezindongeni, izikhumbuzo kanye busts ka ukubaza ahlukahlukene kanye nokusungulwa zokuhlobisa, ingilazi ibala ... ngisho imithombo. Manje ungabona kangakanani lokhu kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yobuciko. Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi emhlabeni wonke kudaleke izinkulungwane zamathuba iminyuziyamu, lapho ukuhlonishwa wadalula panel, busts futhi izithombe ze nangenkathi ezahlukene kanye nezizukulwane.

A ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi

Nazi izinhlobo ezimbili umsebenzi wokudala uhlanganisa ebaziwe nezobuciko. Umdwebo Monumental kanye zokuhlobisa ngokuvamile ezihlukahlukene panel, udonga imidwebo, imifanekiso, kanye nabanye. Bakhonza njengabashumayeli umgexo imvelo futhi njalo yinoma yimuphi Ensemble, njengengxenye yalo ebalulekile. Umdwebo omkhulukazi ukuhlukanisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene: the Umfanekiso, ingilazi namabala, KaMose, njll Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umdwebo omkhulukazi itholakala kwi wadala ngokukhethekile nomklamo wakhe we isisekelo yezakhiwo noma engagudluki.

Inkathi eSoviet Union futhi uhlobo lokusungula

art Monumental ukuthi kuyancomeka e-USSR. Lokho kwenza ukuthuthukiswa zokunambitha kwezobuciko, indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo, imizwa zokuziphatha futhi wokushisekela izwe ngoba izwe lakubo. It kuthuthukisa nangokomzwelo, kuye lapho bebona izinkumbulo ongenakulibaleka ukuthi kuze kube sekugcineni inhliziyo yami futhi izinhliziyo kokubili ngabantwana nangabantu abadala. Soviet art omkhulukazi esingokwemvelo wokubhekela izidingo zomuntu kanye inhlangano kwezobuciko. Imisebenzi yobuciko kanye izakhiwo, eyenziwe isitayela esifanele, zingatholakala kuyo yonke indawo: eduze ezikoleni kanye izinkulisa, izimboni kanye amapaki. Sakwazi ukwakha izikhumbuzo, ngisho ezindaweni engavamile kakhulu.

Lolu hlobo lokusungula isakazeke emva Okthoba Revolution, lapho akha izwe elisha nge new imithetho, imiyalo ndawonye. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho omkhulukazi yebuciko beqashelwa ekhethekile ngabantu. Zonke abadwebi Okugweda, abaklami ngiyibona embozwe ukudala wobuciko yobuciko omkhulukazi, ukukhombisa ukuthi isikhathi ishintshile, langena impilo entsha, indlela entsha ekhaya, izinto ezintsha kwezesayensi ifomu elisha art.

umsebenzi okungenakufa

Omunye imisebenzi esimnandi kakhulu ngalezo zikhathi kwaba ebaziwe omkhulu omkhulukazi ngu Vera Mukhina "Isisebenzi sabaqashi Ipulazi Girl", kubonisa umsebenzi onzima futhi ubuqhawe abantu baseSoviet. History of the lesikhumbuzo kuyinto okuthakazelisayo nokuwusizo. Ngo-1936, sahlanganisa ukwakhiwa we Isigodlo amaSoviet, phezulu lapho kwakufanele ube lesikhumbuzo "The Worker kanye sabaqashi Ipulazi Owesifazane". Ukwakha ukufaka sculptural Ukhethe abaculi engcono, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona noVera Mukhina. Emsebenzini banikezwa izinyanga ezimbili futhi wathi esifanekisweni kufanele ihlanganise izibalo ezimbili - Isisebenzi Ipulazi sabaqashi. Umqondo ofanayo ka ezine umqophi wenziwa ngendlela ehluke kakhulu. Othile sibalo wema ezolile futhi serene, umuntu kunalokho, ngentukuthelo baphuthuma phambili sengathi uzama zikufice othile. Kuphela Muhina Vera Ignatevna ezithwetshulwe umsebenzi wakhe iphuzu, uqalile kodwa akuphelelanga ukunyakaza. Lokho umsebenzi wakhe, futhi sivunyiwe yiKhomishana. Manje lesikhumbuzo "Isisebenzi sabaqashi Ipulazi Girl" is lokubuyiselwa.

Umdwebo Monumental: izibonelo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, lolu hlobo lobuciko elisuka ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, sakha langa imidwebo ku emhumeni izindonga, esibonisa inqubo ukuzingela, emikhosini yasendulo nabanye.

Umdwebo Monumental kanye zokuhlobisa ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana:

• Umfanekiso. Lesi sithombe owadalwa usimende eluhlaza izinhlobo eziningana uyinki okuyinto lezi zinkulumo zisuselwa sombala in ifomu powder. Lapho iphele ifilimu upende Kumiswa, esivikela umsebenzi kusukela nomthelela zangaphandle.
• KaMose. Figure zibekwe phezu kobuso izingcezu elincane ingilazi noma amatshe ezinemibala.
• Tempera. Ukuqamba yalolu hlobo upende owenziwe kusukela umsuka sombala yemifino buhlanjululwe in Iqanda noma bhotela. Njengoba Umfanekiso lisetshenzisiwe usimende ezimanzi.
• ingilazi angcolile. Wayefana KaMose, njengoba zibekwe izingcezu ingilazi enombala. Umehluko wukuthi izingcezu kukhona spikes oxhumene, futhi umkhiqizo eseqedile ibekwa ukuvulwa window.

Imisebenzi edume kakhulu Umdwebo omkhulu - Umfanekiso Feofana Greka, isb isithonjana emaceleni "Virgin Don 'ngakolunye uhlangothi elibonisa" Assumption ". Futhi isebenza yobuciko zihlanganisa "eSistine Madonna" ngo-Raphael, "I ukuthiwa iSidlo Sokugcina" kaLeonardo da Vinci nezinye imidwebo.

izakhiwo Monumental: obukhulu yobuciko emhlabeni

Okugweda ezinhle ngazo zonke izikhathi zenani isisindo sayo ngegolide. Ngakho-ke, umhlaba futhi ahlanganiswe imikhiqizo efana Arc de Triomphe, elise eMoscow, lesikhumbuzo kuPetru 1, "lethusi wehhashi" esifanekisweni kaDavide, Michelangelo ezenziwe futhi sise Louvre, esifanekisweni enhle Venus, eye anqunywe izandla zakhe, kanye nabanye abaningi. Lezi zinhlobo omkhulukazi kanye zokuhlobisa art Fascinate nokuheha izigidi ukubukwa, bafuna ukujabulela kaningi.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana lolu hlobo izakhiwo:

• Isikhumbuzo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu ebaziwe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu abajame kungahambi aphuthelwe senyanga yokuqala noma yisiphi isimo. Eyenziwe ngetshe, egwadle, zemabula.
• Isikhumbuzo. It eliyisikhumbuzo e itshe umcimbi yomlando, ezifana neMpi Patriotic Omkhulu, futhi unobuntu okukhulu.
• Stela. Lolu hlobo izakhiwo kuyinto setshe zamatshe, egwadle noma ngemabula, emi uqotho futhi engenalo nelincane lettering noma ukudweba.
• Obelisk. Lokhu ikholomu, ehlanganisa ezine alole up emaphethelweni.

isiphetho

art Monumental - into eyinkimbinkimbi edidayo. Bonke abantu babe nemizwa ehlukene ke liletha, umuntu - ukuziqhenya amakhosi, ukuthi ngezandla zabantu bakwazi ukukhiqiza ubuciko. Othile azizwa ngididekile: kanjani lo msebenzi ungase wenziwe ayengumuntu ofana nathi, ngoba imininingwane engaka esihle? Ngezinye izikhathi umbukeli nje ayeke Noma yimuphi kanye izikhumbuzo yobuciko kanye izakhiwo, basendulo nabanamuhla. Kodwa izinto yobuciko omkhulukazi ngeke abashiye ubani umuntu ngabandayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bonke amakhosi, ukwenza okuthile ngale ndlela, kukhona okukhulu, oluvelele, ithalenta yangempela, ukubekezela nothando olungenamkhawulo ngomsebenzi wakhe.