Dante Gabriel Rossetti: Biography nemisebenzi

Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Imbongi eyiNgisi, umdwebi kanye umdwebi, owaba omunye "Oku-Raphaelite Ubuzalwane" abasunguli. Encwadini yakhe imisebenzi - imidwebo, izinkondlo kanye sonnets - wayilondoloza ubumsulwa ubuciko, khulula kusuka zezemfundo, wahlabelela romance asekuqaleni Renaissance. Omunye izindikimba Intandokazi Oku-Raphaelites kwaba uthando unrequited. Futhi wonke impilo Rossetti, ngandlela-thile, kwakugxile kuwo. Abesifazane ayemphefumulele, waba namaqhawekazi imidwebo yakhe. Nokho, ubuhlobo umdwebi sika ne Bathandekayo akakwazi ngokuthi elula, njengoba ngempela futhi ukuphila kwakhe konke.

umndeni

Dante Gabriel Rossetti wazalwa Meyi 12, 1828. Uyise, uGabriele Rossetti, khona-Italian ngubani ngezizathu zombusazwe bethuthele England. He THISHA at Royal College of ngolimi nezincwadi. Ubaba wagxilisa indodana yakhe uthando yobuciko isiNtaliyane, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi Dante Alighieri, lokubonakala hhayi kuphela igama lalo mfana, kodwa izithakazelo kanye nezifiso, okuyinto uyoqhuba ngokusebenzisa ukuphila.

umama Rossetti sika - Frensis Meri uLavinia Polidori - wayevela emkhayeni ka Gaetano Polidori, usosayensi kanye abakwamanye amazwe evela e-Italiya. Kusukela ebuntwaneni, Dante Gabriel wakhulela ngaphansi kwesimo yobuciko benamandla uyise ekuseni intshiseko imisebenzi imbongi enkulu yenkolo obubusa udumo futhi yaqanjwa. ithalente Literary kwakunodade nomfowabo. Maria Francesca kwaba umbhali wencwadi ethi "The Shadow of uDante." Udade othile osemusha, uKristina wayedume njengoba imbongi. Umzalwane othile, uWilliam oqalwe Pre-Raphaelite Ezomphakathi umhlaziyi etemibhalo.

ukuqeqeshwa

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, omisebenzi yakhe zishicilelwe eneminyaka engu-15, wafunda yaseLondon AmaKhosi College, bethabathela kominyaka imashumi 9. Okokuqala zokudala abasha kumbhali izinyathelo Kwakuseshwa izincwadi. Eminyakeni 5, Rossetti wabhala idrama, 13 - Indaba. imfundo yobuciko njengoba umfana eyayivela. Yaqala lapho isikole umdwebo lapho Rossetti wangena engu-16 lapho afunda khona ngaphansi kobuholi D. S. Kotmena. Khona-ke, ngo-1841, kwaba Academy of Painting Genri Sassa. Eminye iminyaka emihlanu, waba umfundi ekilasini umdwebo wasendulo, wahlinzwa eRoyal Academy.

Kamuva, okwesikhashana uthisha Dante Maddox Brown, umculi romantic, akukho kancane nomdlandla Rossetti izincwadi. Ngo-1848, wahlangana no-Holman Hunt, ngubani eyomsiza ucije inqubo esebenza upende uwoyela lapho kudalwa imidwebo lokuqala Oku-Raphaelites.

imfundo welibhola letinyawo

Umphakathi imfihlo oye kwaqubula Umkhuba omusha izinkondlo kanye kupenda, wabunjwa ngomnyaka ka-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX. Rossetti Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Kodwa sibonga abungafaniko Okuqukethwe umbono yobuciko, wakwazi ukuba abe umholi we "Oku-Raphaelite Brotherhood." Ngesikhathi abasha Holman Hunt noJohane Everett Millais zaphetha ngokuthi zezemfundo, yibona e Umdwebo kwesikhathi neyesigodi umnyuziki mbumbulu abayizimpumputhe. Yena yakhinyabezeka art, silahle cishe noma yikuphi okuqanjwa kabusha. Ngokusho kwamalungu bobuzalwane, ngivuselele Umdwebo IsiZulu ubengase ukubuyela emasikweni art Italian asekuqaleni Renaissance.

Buyela lula nobumsulwa

Ideal for the Oku-Raphaelite isitayela mdwebo abaculi omkhulu owayenza umsebenzi Raphael: Perugino, Fra Angelico, uGiovanni Bellini. British umxhwele ngendlela ecacile nangobuqotho emidwebo amakhosi Italian asekuqaleni Renaissance. Uhlanzekile futhi iqiniso, ngoba ahlonipha esidlule futhi romanticism, nalokhu kwenqaba nendluzula ebhekiswe academicism ezihlanganiswe imisebenzi Oku-Raphaelites efunda ngokugqamile zezikhonzi esungulwe, emisha inqubo imidwebo. Bekabadosa amakhosi esikhathini esidlule, kodwa bona baye esidalelwe, okwaholela ekugcineni ekuthuthukiseni yesimanje futhi okuyinto emenza kufanekisa. Manifesto "Oku-Raphaelite Ubuzalwane" esanyatheliswa ephephabhukwini "uHlumela", eshicilelwe kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya-Ephreli amalungu 1850 umphakathi.

Ukubuka olusha khona indzaba letayelekile

PRB uhlamvu lokuqala ezikhonjiswe a Oku-Raphaelite Ubuzalwane ( «Oku-Raphaelite Ubuzalwane"), avele Umdwebo Rossetti "Intsha eNcasakazini uMariya '(1848-1849). Amamodeli ngenxa imidwebo ngunina, udadewabo umculi. Futhi lokhu ingenye umehluko kusuka zezemfundo amalungu Raphaelite Ubuzalwane ekuphishekeleni engokwemvelo wenqaba ngamabomu izinkonzo imodeli abangochwepheshe wakhetha abangane nezihlobo.

Ngo umsebenzi e-Pre-Raphaelites ngokuvamile baphendukela izifundo zeBhayibheli. Nokho, incazelo lwabo azifani kakhulu kusukela esungulwe art izithombe. Isibonelo salokhu - omunye izithombe, eyabhalwa Dante Gabriel Rossetti - "Annunciation". Ngo Umdwebo zezemfundo I iNcasakazi uMariya njalo ukuboniswa nge ukuhamba ekuseni abayiswa ngesipho nenhlonipho kaNkulunkulu kanye ukubophezeleka okuhambisana. Rossetti esithombeni sibona intombazane evamile kakhulu, ingelosi funky futhi silethwe ukuba baphile. Lokhu incazelo yaleli Oku-Raphaelites ukuhlangabezana isifiso weqiniso futhi, ngokwemvelo, sokucasuka isiphepho lokufutheka. '

Rossetti - umculi

Imisebenzi best of Dante Gabriel Rossetti wadala esikhathini kusuka 1850 eminyakeni 1860. isitayela lakhe liyabonakala: izinhlamvu zangaphandle static, lokubonakala ebusweni ngemisebenzi yangaphakathi abilayo Ukwakheka nge eziningana izibalo ezinkulu ongaphambili elementi isizinda ngomzuzu cwaningo. imidwebo zakhe zigcwele uhlamvu, kukhiqizwa kusukela kwakwakhe zezitho yangempela nezithombe engokomfanekiso. Rossetti abazange basifake isicelo imibala emnyama kunciphisa ukukhanya nethunzi - Nokho imidwebo yakhe ziyavutha upende ehlanzekile elikhanyayo. Umdwebi abanekhono lokusebenzisa umugqa ngemisebenzi yakhe, enika imiva noma ngesisa isithombe nge wabuka eqondile nangokuthuthumela.

Abagxeki ichaze lo mdwebo Rossetti kokubili zokuhlobisa futhi omkhulu. Impahla mithandazo engcono ebonakaliswa inqubo umsebenzi imidwebo odongeni, elise sezakhiwo wase-University of Oxford. indaba ekhethiwe - imifanekiso ukuze inoveli by Thomas Malory sika "Ukufa iNkosi Arthur."

Rossetti - imbongi

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, ogama izinkondlo ku ukubaluleka bavame belingana imisebenzi kaShakespeare, babevame ukusebenzisa izifundo okufanayo imidwebo kanye sonnets. Painting kanye izinkondlo emisebenzini yakhe bangamathe nolimi. Wancika namatimu imidwebo evesini futhi ugcwale ekhethekile izinkondlo esihle futhi sonnets. Imigomo Pre-Raphaelite Rossetti igcinwe futhi izinkondlo. He cishe akazange akhulume ngezihloko kosuku, ukugcwalisa amavesi ukunambitheka ephakathi. Sonnets netinkondlo Dante Gabrielya egcwele izimpawu cwaningo ezahlukene esihle imininingwane, ezifana imidwebo yakhe. Wasebenzisa ematfuba zakudala rearranged ngamabomu ukugcizelela amazwi, wabeka inkulumo ajwayelekile ku-umongo ezingalindelekile futhi ngaleyo ndlela wafuna imiva ekhethekile.

The main umsebenzi olusankondlo ukuthi owadalwa Dante Gabriel Rossetti - "House of Life". Lena iqoqo kuhlanganisa 101 Sonnet. Ngamunye wabo uchaza esithile ekuphileni imbongi sika: ihora elithile noma isimo kudlula ngokushesha kubonakala noma iphethini ebhaliwe. Rossetti ngokuvamile badlulisela icala ballads. Yena ngobuciko ngayo izindikimba ubudala futhi amasu, hlanganisa them amasu esimanje futhi simbeke incwadi ehlaba umxhwele indlela abazizwa ngayo.

Muses

Rossetti wahlangana nenkosikazi yakhe esizayo 1850. Elizabeth Siddall komculo irhuluphelo ubuhle kanye nabazalwane Oku-Raphaelite lathatha abaculi abaningi. Omunye izithombe umxhwele kakhulu immortalized isithombe lakhe lalingezwakali ngesineke ngu Rossetti. "Beatrice wabusisa" okubonisa ethandekayo Dante Alighieri ukuwozela okwamanje lapho le nyoni, elimelela ukufa, ukubeka entendeni imbali poppy. iziguli Elizabeth babulawa yiso lesi sifo ingakapheli iminyaka emibili emva umshado wabo, ngo-1862, kusukela ukweqisa izidakamizwa of opium (ngokusho version, kwaba ukuzibulala). umfelokazi lusizi efakwa ebhokisini of "iNdlu Life" engizithandayo. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka eminingana Rossetti bavumelana yokumba umzimba kanye nencwadi okwalandela izinkondlo.

muse Omunye umculi kwakungu Fanny Cornforth, ukuboniswa nabo Umdwebo "Lady Lilith» (Lady Lilith). Dante Gabriel Rossetti nenye intokazi enhle kodwa abangafundile e 1858 kanye nobuhlobo babo yathatha cishe kukho konke ukuphila kwami, naphezu somshado lomdwebi kanye nobuhlobo bakhe Dzheyn Morris. Fanny ngokuvamile lathatha Rossetti. Nanguya liyabonakala kalula imidwebo "Ngemva kiss," "Lukretsiya Bordzhia" futhi kakade okuthiwa "Lady Lilith". Dante Gabriel Rossetti waphula noFanny ngo-1877, lapho impilo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo umculi waba buthaka kakhulu.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva kokufa Elizabeth Rossetti baba 'idla yodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuhlanganise noFanny kubaluleke kakhulu ngaye uba Dzheyn Morris, umka umngane wakhe uWilliam. umfanekiso wakhe libonakala "Proserpina" imidwebo "uMarian," "Veronica Veronese" kanye nabanye abaningi. impilo umculi luqala ukuba singantengantengi. Yena enqaba iqhaza embukisweni, okwandisa kwencika yayo ku hydrate chloral. Sekuyisikhathi eside Jane wayehlala Rossetti ngemvumo ngeziphansi ukuba umyeni wakhe, ayeyile Iceland ngo-1871. Nokho, bebona ukuwohloka okwandisa in the state ngokwengqondo lover yakhe futhi lo mkhuba wakhe umuthi, ihamba kude Rossetti, nobuhlobo bazo kuyehla kube ukuxhumana.

Dante Gabriel Rossetti wafa Apreli 9, 1882. Futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili, kube khona embukisweni umsebenzi wakhe waba impumelelo enkulu ngokushumayeza England. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, ogama biography ugcwele ups egqamile futhi izenzakalo ezishaqisayo washiya uphawu umxhwele phezu art. Umsebenzi wakhe silingiswa, bafunda kahle XIX sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka. Namuhla e art kukhona elithi "rossetizm" ekuhlanganiseni abaculi owayesebenza indlela enkulu Oku-Raphaelites.