Umuzi Polotsk: izinto ibalazwe izithombe. Yini ukubona e Polotsk (Belarus)?

Polotsk ingenye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu izindawo zamasiko nezomlando eBelarus. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala emzini sihlehlela emuva onyakeni 862. Ngo "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" kubonisa ukuthi le ndawo yasungulwa izizwe Krivichy ngebhange olunothile we Dvina. Polotsk walala ngokusebenzisa "umzila kusuka amaViking namaGreki" odumile ukuthi ukusiza ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kakhulu ezombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye namasiko yesifunda.

Lokhu isiphetho ngasedolobheni Vitebsk futhi Novopolotsk, e-North-Eastern ingxenye Belarus. By the way, kakhulu lasendulo emzini Belarus wayekubheka Polotsk. Izikhangibavakashi kule ndawo izivakashi phesheya. Eza ubunyoninco ensembles emangalisayo lathumela, nezakhiwo eziningana, iminyuziyamu, amathempeli kanye nemvelo enhle.

ezimangalisayo Sofia

Cishe zonke izimenywa kwedolobha Polotsk ngokuyinhloko elihlobene ne itshe elimhlophe St Sophia Cathedral. Leli thempeli - wobuciko ngempela bokwakha. It lamiswao ngekhulu le-11 ngesikhathi iphuzu esiphezulu ogwini yaseNtshonalanga Dvina. Ngalezo zinsuku ukwakhiwa wabonakalisa amandla ubukhulu of Polotsk, futhi manje UZandile Cathedral --prototype ye kutimela Belarus.

Izinsalela wokwakha isonto lasendulo kungabonakala ephenya ngokuthengwa izindonga esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba, izisekelo kanye izingxenyana nemidwebo kwekhulu XI manje eMnyuziyamu umlando izakhiwo zethempeli.

Saint UZandile Cathedral e Polotsk wazibonela eziningi izenzakalo ezimangalisayo, imililo nasekubhujisweni. Ibandla yesimanje ine zakhiwo ezimbili ziyalingana 57 metres ubude. Ingaphakathi isonto nje zikanokusho: amakholomu arched, emaceleni, cornices ezihlotshisiwe kanye nemibala engavamile.

I-altare lombhishobhi wahlukaniselwa isithiyo ezintathu-tiered, ke adjoined isithombe ngaphambili-zintathu the New Testament. Kusukela ngo-1983, kwelinye lamakamelo asethempelini umculo ihholo izenzo.

Manje St Sophia Cathedral awukwazi kuphela ukujabulela ikhonsati isitho umculo, kodwa futhi phansi egumbini elingaphansi ethempelini, uthinte izingcezu amatshe ayekade lasendulo, vakashela mbukiso ngomlando sesonto.

izinsalela ongcwele

Siyaqhubeka indawo, futhi sakujabulela kwedolobha Polotsk. Izikhangibavakashi rush emhlabeni wonke ukubona abaningi, omunye izindawo ethandwa kakhulu kungenziwa ngokuthi uMsindisi futhi St Euphrosyne ebizwe isikhungo ezingokomoya komuzi. Amakhulu ama-pilgrim uza lapha njalo ngonyaka, ukuze bakhulekele izinsalela ongcwele. Omunye amathempelana ebaluleke kakhulu Isigodlo ubhekwa Isiphambano ka Euphrosyne ka Polotsk, ezidalwe 1661 onekhono abakhandi Lazar Bogsch. Nokho, ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, kulahleke iskripthi bakhe, kodwa manje sipho sezindela ukubona ikhophi esiqondile, okuyinto lanikezelwa ngo-1997.

Isakhiwo sezindela kuhlanganisa isimo Church of ngekhulu le-12. Leli thempeli kuyinto isakhiwo kuphela, owalondoloza odongeni imidwebo kanye izakhiwo ngaleso sikhathi.

European ukuvakasha Centre

UMsindisi-Euphrosyne futhi Saint UZandile Cathedral - engcwele emangalisayo. Nokho, izinto Polotsk (Belarus) abagcini lapho. Enkabeni yedolobha, futhi, unokuthile ukubona. Mhlawumbe, izixhumanisi ezindawo ka degrees 28 amaminithi 48 longitude empumalanga futhi ku-55 degrees imizuzu engu-30 enyakatho inkululeko wena lutho uthi, kodwa Polovtsian nabaningi kakhulu. Cishe wonke wasekhaya uyazi ukuthi avenue Frantsiska Skoriny kuwuphawu "isikhungo ezindawo of Europe. ' Ibonisa Roza vetrov, emhlabeni jikelele uhlaka Europe, umkhumbi elingenamikhono izingalo Polotsk. Njalo izivakashi ovakashela kulo muzi Ungathenga isitifiketi isikhumbuzo, okufakazela ukuthi leyo ndoda enhliziyweni ezwekazini laseYurophu.

ezikhumbuzo Famous

Unqume ukuvakashela idolobha Polotsk? Izikhangibavakashi kungabonwa cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Ngokwesibonelo, njalo ngonyaka zikhona amasayithi ezingasho. Ngo-2009, kwamiswa itshe lesikhumbuzo behlonipha Nikolaya Chudotvortsa (eduze uMsindisi Efrosinievskogo sezindela) yasungulwa. Thulile ngaphambi kwakukhona ebaziwe ka enlightener Simeona Polotskogo Prince Vseslav futhi Euphrosyne. Ngo-2010 e Polotsk wavula isikhumbuzo umakhi John, owakha isimo Church, kanye ngokudayisa we "Ubaba" ka-Belarusian Cinema Yuriya Taricha.

Izikhangibavakashi Polotsk (isithombe ongawabona ngezansi) ngobuningi basuke bagxila endaweni yomphakathi ephakathi nalesi. Kukhona isikhumbuzo elalinikezelwe namaqhawe kweMpi Yezwe II. Zonke imininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza izingoma achitheka ngesikhathi "Technolit Polotsk", ikakhulukazi le njongo ochwepheshe lesi sitshalo kwakumelwe ukuze balukhulume kahle ekusakazeni art.

Yini ukubona e Polotsk okwamanje? Kulesi muzi wasendulo Kubalulekile ukubona lesikhumbuzo udumo polochaninu Francis Skaryna, ngubani eyanyatheliswa okokuqala incwadi ngolimi Old Russian. umsebenzi yakhe yokuqala ngqá kwaba iBhayibheli, okwakwenza kube wahumushela kusukela Church lwamaSlav ulimi olunzima. Esikhathini Polotsk okhazimulayo lesikhumbuzo kuphela kulo lonke waseBelarus yomthengisi. Ungakhohlwa ukuvakashela eduze itshe Borisova, kuba imbokodo omkhulu, awasalayo lapha ngemva yeqhwa. Ezweni sithole ezimbalwa la matshe, konke okuyizinto Museum. Kukholakala ukuthi uma dlula itshe Borisov kathathu bese wenza isifiso, nakanjani uzogcwaliseka.

Ukuze ubone yonke ukubaza ezithakazelisayo, uzodinga Polotsk ibalazwe zendawo.

Bernardine

I ithempeli. kuze kube namuhla ayizange yasinda, ngasinda kuphela amanxiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela zokuhlala kanye isonto. Isigodlo yasungulwa ngo 1498 ngemiyalo yezikhulu Aleksendra Jagiello. Ngo 1563, kwaba khona umlilo enamandla kakhulu, okwaphumela zonke izakhiwo lokhuni kwabhujiswa. Ngo 1696 ke kwavunyelwana ukuzama ukubuyisela sezindela. Ngesikhathi isimemo wababusi Aleksander Słuszka Bernardine Isonto yasungulwa. Neziphathimandla zedolobha ufuna ukuhlanganisa YobuKatolika esifundeni ngakhoke nomthelela ekwakheni izakhiwo isamba ehloniphekile lemali. Ngemva kokuba Polotsk sezindela Russian savalwa futhi isonto lalenziwa sesonto lobu-Orthodox. Ngeshwa, ngenxa nezimpi eziningi ubone lokhu lesikhumbuzo bokwakha akunakwenzeka, Nokho, ubuka isidumbu sakhe sikwazi ukuqagela ukuthi yayiyinhle ngempela.

Ezinye izindawo ezithakazelisayo

Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kuyinto Cathedral of the Epiphany, ehlanganisa eziyinkimbinkimbi yangaphambili sezindela. Lesi sakhiwo efakwe ohlwini Yakhiwa ngekhulu le-18 (1777). Aphila ngayo namuhla. Lapha ziqhutshwa rites ubhapathizo kanye lomshado. No kancane ke izivakashi lokuvikela ukuzivikela ku-internet Ivana Groznogo. Uye abephule kusukela esikhathini ngesikhathi seMpi Livonian (iminyaka 1558-583.).

Vele sizungeze umuzi nakho kungaba ezithakazelisayo. Hamba emigwaqweni yayo lasendulo, sibheke zezakhiwo ezindala futhi amathempelana eminingi - kuyajabulisa kakhulu.

Olunothile umthombo

Ukuze ujabulele ngokugcwele ubuhle kule ndawo, kufanele sibheke e Novopolotsk. Kukhona umthombo emangalisayo, okuyinto yasungulwa yokudumisa iminyaka engu-50 edolobheni. Lokhu Ukwakheka siqukethe ezisebenza synchronously ngen-6 imithombo. Amanzi akhiqizwa umjikelezo elivaliwe ngokusebenzisa eyonga ugesi LED kwasemuva.

ngamasiko lesimo

iminyuziyamu eziningi zinikeza izivakashi Polotsk. Okubonwayo komuzi - emnyuziyamu yomlando wendawo, ukunyatheliswa Belarusian, Museum Wezingane, Imvelo Environment, endlini kaPetru mina (ekupheni lapha ngempela wahlala inkosi), Museum-umtapo Simeona Polotskogo, ukweluka, inkazimulo lempi, njll

Kulesi sigodi futhi ungathatha ukungcebeleka ngasogwini lomfula olunothile Western Dvina nge ukubukwa omangalisayo, ukuzihambela baye Okuphakade Flame iNdunduma nama-labour enkazimulweni. Zonke izinto mlando Polotsk futhi Novopolotsk bangaphansi Ukuvikelwa isimo Museum kwamasiko-zomlando kazwelonke.

Izindawo nge izipoki

Njenganoma iyiphi indawo yedolobha lasendulo futhi edume, e Polotsk kukhona izipoki. Ngokusho izindaba zabantu bendawo ungomunye wabo uhlala igalari kwezobuciko ligcinwe ongumJesuit Collegium. Nokho, into engaziwa kuyinto izimpilo ithule cwaka futhi inokuthula lapha okwamanje akusho ubuhlungu, ngezinye izikhathi kuphela lehla iphethini esiyilweni. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo hooligans lapha umoya Jikelele Gabriel Gruber. Phakathi nokuphila lo muntu wayengumJuda abahlakaniphe kakhulu udokotela, umthaki wemithi kanye umakhenikha, abaningi babekholelwa nawukuthi wayekwazi ukuxhumana nemimoya emibi. Jikelele wafa ngaphansi kwezimo engaqondakali kakhulu futhi wabe esebuyela Collegium ngesimo umoya.

idolobha elihle ubudala

Yini eziningi izindawo amazing ungabonisa Polotsk. Okubonwayo komuzi - kungcono amasonto lasendulo namathempeli, amasayithi ezimangalisayo kanye izikhumbuzo, amabhange olunothile eWestern Dvina, iminyuziyamu eminingi futhi isimo ethokomele kakhulu. Lapha futhi wazizwa ubukhulu kulo muzi. Le ndawo akaphelelwa charm yayo noma ehlobo noma ebusika, ngakho woza lapha eseholidini nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka futhi ujabulele uhambo izinto ngendlela emangalisayo Polotsk.