Umthetho Coulomb sika

Lapho okuxhunyanwa kagesi electroscope uncharged icala emihle noma emibi, kungabonwa ukuthi amahlamvu electroscope ngeke washintsha engela emincane noma emikhulu.

Prikosnomsya usebenzisa ugesi electroscope inamathele induku ngekhanda engela lapho amahlamvu ngeke washintsha. Ukuze sinikeze iphutha eshiya electroscope engela emikhulu, kubalulekile ukuba umnike isikhundla kusuka indawo enkulu Wand icala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaqabunga nibuthana ndawonye, e-touch of isandla nenduku electroscope.

Ngakho, sithola ukuthi ngamandla icala zikagesi imizimba ucishe. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angakhuluma into ezifana ubukhulu icala, futhi ngenxa yalokho on ubukhulu bayo.

Lokhu kwenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba ukuvulwa ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII. umthetho nokuxhumana amacala kagesi. Lo mthetho wavula physics French Coulomb.

umthetho Coulomb sika kwatholakala empirically: usosayensi olwenziwa ucwaningo nge ukulinganisela torsion, elinganisa amandla ngawo izinto gesi basebenzisane.

Torsion ibhalansi aqukethe engasindi, okungezona conductive, akukho kagesi amacala rocker okwesikhashana ku mncane kakhulu wire lensimbi esitsheni ingilazi ukuma cylindrical. Ngesinye ekupheleni induku sigcizelelwa bead Plated kukakhokho kuqhubeke, i-ngakolunye - counterweight. Ekupheleni kwalo engenhla wire unamathele maphakathi ikhanda unikezwe pointer kanye esikalini rotary kokuba division, esebenza ukunquma usayizi engela twist of wire eqondiswa.

ikhava esitsheni ine ukuvulwa okuyothi ngalo yisivikelo sisetshenziswa omunye, ibhola efanayo b, okuyinani elilingana nenkundla ingilazi. Usayizi ibanga emincane phakathi amabhola igolide kanye b kubalwa ngamabandla, okuyizinto on esibuthakathaka cylindrical. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nenhloko ibhalansi engela ezithile, ungakwazi ukushintsha ibanga.

Ngemva zombili ibhola lizokhokhiswa, bese usetha ngasiphi ibanga, elengayo abone ibutho ngawo amabhola ukubambisana, ngu yokulinganisa engela twist lokuluhlaza.

Uma idivayisi pre-Linganisa, bese lokulinganisa engela ukuzungeza ikhanda, ungabona kanjani kanzima uxhumana amabhola gesi.

Njengoba ibanga phakathi amabhola elengayo zathola ukuthi emaphethelweni e amacala njalo ibutho ngazo uxhumana, kuyoba inhlukanozigaba kabili ibanga phakathi izikhungo zabo.

Ekhuluma ku amagugu yokukala amacala phezu ubuhlalu lalithé: uma ibhola b mali futhi ngokususa kusukela apharathasi, mbeni omunye ibhola, ukuthi ncamashi kwesigamu icala kuzodlula kolunye ibhola kusukela b ibhola. It ngaleyo ndlela ngeke sikukhokhise nengxenye. Ufaka b ibhola emuva ku idivayisi, elengayo zathola ukuthi emaphethelweni e amabanga elilinganayo phakathi amabhola kanye nokuxhumana amandla abo liyancipha kabili - ukunciphisa ithunzi elehlayo ophethe lemali.

Ngokufanayo, ezihambayo icala ibhola washintsha a.

Ngenxa yalaba nakho wavula umthetho, kamuva waziwa ngokuthi umthetho Coulomb sika, incazelo yalo ngale ndlela: amandla ukuxhumana amacala amabili Iphuzu liwukuthi ithunzi elehlayo yobukhulu bawo, inhlukanozigaba kuya skwele ibanga phakathi amacala aqondiswe agudle exhumanisa ngalezizinto.

umthetho Coulomb sika Amonton esashiwo ifomula:

F = k (q1q2 / r²),

lapho Q1 futhi Q2 - ukubaluleka iphuzu amacala ukuthi basebenzisane, r - ibanga phakathi amacala, futhi k kuyisici proportionality ukuthi kuxhomeke kulokho nenani iyunithi oyongena ifomula.

Kuleli qophelo ucingo namacala anjalo lapho kukhona imizimba bonke osayizi nomumo ezincane ngokwanele uma kuqhathaniswa ne amabanga lapho uhlola ekusebenzelaneni kwabo.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ubukhulu F amandla kuthonywa imvelo, futhi ifomula ebonisa umthetho Coulomb sisebenza kuphela uma lapho ukuxhumana zemizimba icala esikhaleni nje.

Ngenxa yomthetho Coulomb eyayibekwe iyunithi osenyameni kagesi. Ngakho, ngaphansi kwakusho isiyalezo esebenza vacuo ngesikhathi icala ezifanayo okuyinto at ibanga elilodwa isentimitha, ngebutho elilodwa dyne. Lona ngokuphelele iyunithi electrostatic kwenkokhelo.