Umsolwa (CPC): definition. amalungelo umsolwa. Article 46 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure

Bonke abantu ku ngandlela-thile zinengxenye lobugebengu inqubo ubudlelwane umthetho, kuthiwa abahilelekile (kokuthethwa kwecala) ngakhoke isethi ethile kwamalungelo akhe nezimiselo. Esikhathini izincwadi zanamuhla ku oyisazi ngale ndaba kukhona iphuzu elithile umbono. Concepts obambe iqhaza kwi-nqubo isigebengu futhi kuncike yayo ayafana yini.

Abasolwa, umsolwa, bajameleli nabameleli, kanye ephathini civil ngokuhambisana Ikhodi Criminal Procedure abanengxenye okuqondene ukuzivikela.

Umsolwa ecaleni lobugebengu: umqondo

umqondo olunzulu i ummangalelwa sinikezwa engxenyeni yokuqala Art. 46. Ngokusho kwaleli lungiselelo zomthetho, umuntu maqondana labo ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho hhayi kuphela esolwa ukwenza ukuba ubugebengu ethize, kodwa futhi ukwenza ezithile isinyathelo zenqubo. Ngenxa yalokho kungaba isilinganiso zokuvimbela (ngokuvumelana Art. 100), ngaphambi kokuba icala noma icala lobugebengu ezimweni amacala umphakathi esidlangalaleni kanye yomphakathi noma ukuvalelwa ejele esolwa.

Lapho eyinhloko izinto okuphenya (sokunikela ngokuzithandela, isitatimende ikhomishana ubugebengu Kusolakala nokubhalisa amasheke zabo mseshi, liphenya umzimba, umshushisi, umphenyi) sinolwazi eholela ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi isenzo lobugebengu esenziwa umuntu othile, isinqumo icala lobugebengu, kufanele ngempela kukhonjiswe. Ngemva kwalokho, lo muntu ubizwa ngokuthi "usola". Ikhodi Criminal Procedure ibonisa wathandeka kakhulu lo mqondo esingokomthetho futhi zomthetho, umqondo ewumngcingo, futhi kufanele kukhunjulwe.

Uma ngesikhathi icala lobugebengu ulwazi ngomuntu okunjalo akukhona ukuthuthumela, futhi kubonakala kuphela ngokuhamba uphenyo lokuqala, umsolwa ngomqondo ongokomthetho, ngeke kubhekwe.

isimo umsolwa ngesikhathi

Qaphela ukuthi umsolwa (Ikhodi Criminal Procedure sigcizelela) uhlala kuleli isimo emfushane (kunomkhawulo) isikhathi. Ngakho, uma eboshwa bese waboshwa, ngesikhathi ngaphansi kwaso ngeke sidlule izinsuku eziyishumi cishe wonke amacala, okuyinto ziyabonakala ku Ingxenye Special Criminal Code. Okukhishiwe izenzo zingena ngaphansi isenzo amaphekula, ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe, usizo ukuqaliswa kanye nabanye ukuthi. Kulezi zimo, isikhathi sandisiwe izinsuku ezingu-45 kusukela ngesikhathi isilinganiso abakhethiwe ukuzibamba. Uma-ke akuzange akhethiwe izinsuku ezimbili, umsolwa (CCP, Art. 94, ch. 2) kuzaphuma, bese isenzo kuyinto ngokusemthethweni umuntu onjalo ayisekho kubhekwa. Nokho, uma isimo nophenyo zigcinwe kuze umdwebo up icala ngumshushisi.

Thanda abanye ababambiqhaza, umsolwa ekubeni necala lobugebengu abuzange yemfanelo kuphela, kodwa futhi amalungelo. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ilungelo lokuthola ulwazi ngalokho ncamashi okusolwa

Cishe lena yiyona umsolwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ephezulu kwesokudla. Ngu uzuza le isimo, umuntu liyoba nelungelo ukwazi ukuthi ncamashi kusolakala. isaziso Timely - kungumsebenzi umuntu uphenyo lokuqala. Ukuqalisa ngezindlela eziningana:

• ukuhlinzekwa amakhophi ngabanye (egcwaliswe eqinisekisiwe) isinqumo lokusungula zobulelesi ngokumelene naye, okutshengisa isizinda kanye ukwamukelwa of lesi sinqumo, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinkambiso yomthetho lobugebengu ngesisekelo senziwa zazo;
• inkomba Motifs kanye nokugcinwa base olandelwayo etilongweni;
• inkomba in the ngesinqumo esithathwe ngaleso sicelo ngezinga elithile ovimbela umuntu kuqala ngaphambi kokukhuluma naye amacala olusemthethweni, ubugebengu lapho usola kuye.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umsolwa unelungelo (sihloko 46) ukuthola amakhophi amadokhumende ngenhla (izinqumo, imizuzu). Inkonzo kwemibhalo kumele kwenziwe kungakapheli usuku olulodwa kusukela ngosuku Ukukhishwa yabo noma ukubhaliswa.

Ilungelo afakaze noma senqabe kubo

KoMthetho umuntu esolwa ukwenza isenzo sobugebengu, banelungelo ukunikeza ubufakazi kanye izincazelo mayelana izinsolo ekhona ngokumelene naye. Anganikeza nginqabe senzo. Esimweni sokuqala, umuntu waxwayisa ngokuthi bonke ubufakazi bakhe zazingase zisetshenziswe kamuva e icala lobugebengu ezizakuba bufakazi, ngisho noma ukulahlwa kwabo. Nokho, kukhona okuhlukile. Uma umsolwa waives ubufakazi bakhe, futhi ngaleso sikhathi, lapho banikezwa wayengeyena umdlali wasemuva samanje CCP awubalwa kubo enkantolo.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, lokhu umuntu olungile, kodwa hhayi ngomthwalo wakhe wemfanelo. Umsolwa ongathwali nhlobo umthwalo ulwazi olungamanga noma ukwenqaba ukufakaza. Sivumele isishaya-mthetho kubhekwe ukuthi le ndlela kungaba elilungile kakhulu. Lubhekele ungafakazi amanga afake umuntu bokusola yena isikhathi eside owaziwa Isimiso: "Kukhona izinto ezimbili ezimbi Of ukukhetha okungenani."

Kwesokudla wokuvikela

Umsolwa unelungelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wayenobuhlobo wasemuva. Ikhodi Criminal Procedure evumela ukusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi yayo kanye nosizo esikhathini lapho empeleni bafeza yeziboshwa, kusukela esikhathini lapho umuntu icala lobugebengu, kanye nezinye izenzo ukusebenza kohlaka zobulelesi.

Ilungelo kunike bufakazi bekutsi icala

Article 46 para. 4 h. 4 ukunika umsolwa ilungelo lokunikeza ubufakazi. Kungaba lolu hlelo luzosebenza empeleni ngu efakaza noma ukuhlinzeka iziphathimandla esiphenyako, namkha umtjhutjhisi izinto ezibonakalayo, yiziphi lokufaneleka ngqo khathesi. Kungaba ezihlukahlukene amadokhumenti, ama-athikili, alalelwayo video, nokunye. D. Qaphela ukuthi idatha Unelungelo futhi abanye abahlanganyeli ekuqhubeni e Criminal Procedure Code.

Ilungelo izicelo ukuphikisa

Sicelosikhalo emthethweni uyaqonda isicelo olusemthethweni, umqondo noma yini. Umsolwa angase athumele isicelo hhayi kuphela ukuqoqwa ubufakazi obusha noma ezengeziwe neziphathimandla uphenyo noma ukuqinisekiswa izinguqulo ukuthi ngabe ukhululiwe kuye, kodwa umshushisi ufuna ke umisa ngokumelene naye, kanye ithuba ngijwayele yimiphi imibhalo nenqubo, izenzo, njll .. Kunoma yikuphi, ngaso sonke isikhathi ekubuyekezweni by umseshi. Ayisoze ukunqatshelwa umsolwa noma izeluleko zakhe zokuziphatha yezenzo okuphenya, kuhlanganise imibuzo kofakazi nobe luhlolo izinsalela, uma izimo ukusungulwa elithole isicelo masinyane, kufanele Kulokhu ukubaluleka lobugebengu.

Ukususwa, noma, ngamanye amazwi, isicelo ukuxoshwa noma yiliphi ilungu inqubo kunjalo, ezinganxeshezelwa maqondana onguchwepheshe ukuzivikela, uchwepheshe, umhumushi, ijaji, umshushisi, umphenyi kuzimo ukuthi kuvimbe iqhaza kwabo okwengeziwe ekuqhubeni.

Bamba iqhaza izenzo okuphenya

Amalungelo esisemthethweni umsolwa ukubamba iqhaza isenzo (okuphenya), okuyinto akhiqizwa kokunyakaza yakhe (kushiwo eyedwa, umlweli namtjhana umjameli wezomthetho) nge kwemvume isikhulu nophenyo noma umphenyi, ukujwayelaniswa ne yezifiso lezi zinyathelo, eyayibonakala enziwe iqhaza lakhe ngqo niziklabise kokuma awashintsheki e Sec. 8, 9 h. 4 isihloko 46.

Umthetho awukuvimbeli esifanayo umsolwa ukubamba iqhaza izenzo uphenyo, okuyinto akhiqizwa at the isinyathelo nezinye abadlali noma zazishintsha zaba nemizimba uphenyo.

Ilungelo ubhale isikhalazo

Futhi umsolwa ummangalelwa unelungelo ukufaka isikhalazo phezu yokungenzi noma izenzo kanye nezinqumo zesigungu iziphathimandla zokwahlulela, abaphenyi kanye abaphenyi, umshushisi. Ezokuphepha imisebenzi ukuze kuzuze abantu esibekiwe ngesikhathi esifanayo kuyizipho lokujeziswa 125 futhi 126. Zibonisa indlela wokufaka izikhalazo, kanye nenqubo ukuze icutshungulwe of iziphathimandla abanekhono ohlinzekela isimiso saziso ukunikeza izimpendulo (ku imiphumela Ukubuyekeza futhi isaziso ngesinqumo).

Ilungelo ukwazisa izihlobo

Ngesicelo umsolwa kungakapheli amahora 12 zokuboshwa lo mseshi, lo mseshi namkha umtjhutjhisi, kufanele wazise iyiphi izihlobo zakhe eduze (uma engekho yabo - zabanye) noma ukunikeza ithuba kuye. Uma umsolwa likazwelonke noma isakhamuzi sakwelinye izwe, ukubika lolu lwazi kufanele ibe embassy (isikhundla) yalowo State.

Kuzo zonke imithetho zikhona ezehlukile. Futhi kulokhu kakhulu. Lamalungelo umsolwa (umuntu omdala) okungenzeka ephulwa uma kunesidingo ukugcina imfihlo behlaliswa isithakazelo uphenyo lokuqala. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uyaluvumela umshushisi.

Ilungelo lokuthola umtoliki futhi izyasnenie ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akusiyo yizincazelo Russian enikeziwe nobufakazi umsolwa njalo. UPK okhiphé lesi umangalelwa nofana umangali lobugebengu sokufeza misebenzi ngolimi okuyinto anazo indawo engcono kunezinye noma uwedwa. Kulokhu, lo mseshi futhi umphenyi kufanele uvumele ukugcwaliseka leli lungelo, kuhlanganise ngokuhlinzekwa umhumushi mahhala.

Ulimi lapho ekuqhutshweni lwenziwa icala lobugebengu (ulimi isimo noma omunye yezihloko Russian Federation), kulesi simo akunandaba.

Kufinyeta, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi Criminal Procedure Code umsolwa inelungelo okuzivikela nakanjani kunemishini nezindlela ezingenziwanga kungavunyelwa umthetho lobugebengu. Ngokwesibonelo, okhethwe uMthethosisekelo ilungelo angangabazi ukufuna, ukuthola, ukudlulisa nasekuvezeni izithombo zaso ezintsha, ukusakazwa kokwaziswa, isikhalazo, ukuze athole usizo kwabezindaba, izinhlangano ezilwela amalungelo esintu kanye nabanye.

Ukuboshwa komsolwa

Ukuvalela isilinganiso sibhekwe zenqubo okuyinto sisetshenziswa ngokumelene umsolwa Ummeli obuzayo, emizimbeni nophenyo umphenyi isikhathi amahora angu-48. Kungasetjenziswa kwenzeka ukuthi isijeziso ubugebengu okusolwa ukwenza umuntu sihlinzekela ukubhadla ejele, ngisho uma omunye ngezizathu ngezansi:

• Umuntu ubanjwe eMthethweni noma ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.
• Ofakazi kanye / noma izisulu zibizwa umuntu njengoba ungumuntu oye ukuhileleka ebugebengwini.
• On the indoda naye, izingubo zakhe, abe imikhondo ubugebengu yokuhlala.

Kukhona futhi izici ezithile nokuvalelwa kwabantu okusolakala ubugebengu futhi ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-18. Wenziwe uma kucatshangelwa ulwazi olungenhla. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ngineminyaka engu-16 abantu ababa bophezela cala yokuqala encane ukuba othobile, cha jezisa by ejele.