Kuqondiswe ngu Sokurov Aleksandr Nikolaevich: Biography, empilweni yakho, i-Filmography

Sokurov Aleksandr Nikolaevich - amaSoviet nasemakamu Russian umqondisi ifilimu, umlingisi kanye screenwriter, Ezigcwalisiwe Art esiyiNgcweti, Yabantu Umculi Russia. Anakho ezijulile, okuqinile futhi sikhulu onekhono. Umsebenzi wakhe okhazimulayo lithole ukuqashelwa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni, kodwa amafilimu lenkaba amakhosi ngokuvamile hhayi ngokushesha ukufinyelela kanti nabantu abahlosiwe. Complex, ngokuvamile usithe, kodwa akekho umuntu ngaphansi abanamakhono. Namuhla, indaba yethu ngakho.

ebuntwaneni

Biography filmmaker iqala countdown zakhe-June 1951. Umfana wazalwa esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Ubaba Alexander Nikolayevich kwaba emnyangweni wezempi futhi indoda wathunyelwa ngokuqhubekayo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Kulezi zenzakalo zokuphila kwakhe uyakhumbula Alexander Sokurov. Umndeni njalo wathutha bengonozulane. Ebuntwaneni Sasha kancane waya endleleni - ayenakho ukugcina izikole kokushintsha, ushiya abangane, ukuhlangana nabantu abasha. Life baliphonsa kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye. Esikoleni Alexander waya ePoland, kodwa aphothula ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kakade Turkmenistan.

By the way, edolobheni, lapho kudabuka khona Alexander Sokurov - Village Podorvikha - ngo-1956-ke wawudla izindwali ekuqaleni we-Irkutsk esiteshini emifula.

Ngemva kwesikole u-Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov wangena ubuhlakani komlando Gorky State University. Kakade phakathi izifundo zakhe le nsizwa wabonisa intshiseko Amazing nentshisakalo konke kwakuhlangene TV, uzama ukuthuthukisa bebodwa kule ndawo. Yena bukhicite amafilimu eziningana ithelevishini, wasebenza phezu ukulungiselela izinhlelo, uya bukhoma ngesikhathi ithelevishini Gorky. Ngo-1974, u-Alexander iziqu eyunivesithi samnika mlando idiploma.

namabhayisikobho Institute

Ngemva konyaka, u-Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov langena VGIK emnyangweni oqondisa. Ngokuzayo guru movie hit studio AM Zguridi, lapho abafundi bafundiswa documentary oqondisa, amasu-movie ethandwa ngokudubula. Sokurov yokufunda kwaba lula, yena waphonseka kunqubo. Ukuze ucwaningo ngempumelelo insizwa wathola umfundaze okuthiwa Eisenstein. Nokho, akubona bonke kwaba bushelelezi futhi kamnandi. Ubudlelwano phakathi Sokurov kanye nabamele sokuqondisa Institute, kanye nezinhloko cinema State ngensimbi nsuku zonke. Alexander Nikolayevich azomakwa simelene namaSoviet, osolwa icala, umfundi imisebenzi yakhe awaboniwe futhi akuzange kwamukelwe. Ngenxa le ngxabano njalo Sokurov kwaba lula futhi ngaphezulu kahle kusenesikhathi ukuqedela ukuqeqeshwa, ekuhlolweni ize kuqala kunakho konke ukuthi, empeleni, akwenza ngo-1979.

Phela, isithombe sokuqala imfundamakhwela umqondisi - "Lonely Voice of Man," esekelwe Andrei Platonov, - okwakubekelwa embukisweni njengoba umsebenzi zeMasters ingakafakwa ekomidini Institute. Zonke izethulo kumele ngokuba silishiyile izwe, kodwa isithombe ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso - Sokurov nomngane nje owayintshontsha ekulondolozeni. Kamuva esondweni imakwe imiklomelo ehlonishwayo at ngamazwe imikhosi ifilimu.

Izinyathelo lokuqala lokudala

Nakaseminyakeni umqondisi umfundi Sokurov wahlangana screenwriter Yuriem Arabovym, owaba Umhleli sakhe emsebenzini futhi ukuphila mate. Omunye umuntu emphilweni Sokurov, ngubani babewazisa umsebenzi umqondisi yakhe yokuqala kanye imibhalo okwalandela, wayeqondiswa Tarkovsky.

Lapho efika okokuqala sici ifilimu Alexander bathatha studio ifilimu "Lenfilm", okuyinto ngo-1980 kwavela ngesiphakamiso Andreya Tarkovskogo. Ngo parallel, umqondisi ayelungisa ifilimu documentary - ke wabambisana Leningrad Idokhumentari Film Studio. Ngokuvamile Sokurov bathandile "Mosfilm", futhi kwezinye izimo, angathanda basebenze lapho. Nokho, izimo zokusebenza umqondisi ifilimu studio eMoscow engenzi ivumelane.

Mangisho ukuthi isithombe DEBUT of Sokurov kwabakubi ezindlebeni zikaJehova iziphathimandla, futhi simiselwe isikhathi eside ukuba alale eshalofini - movie hhayi kudedelwa ku sokuqasha. Sokurov wayazi ukuthi elite zezombusazwe ababi, waqaphela ukuthi ungisongele ngobudlova, kodwa akazange ashiye izwe, nakuba amathuba babe. "Ngikhumbula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi nginguJehova isiRashiya," - wathi Alexander Sokurov. Ubuzwe - kungokwalabo isizwe esithile, ubuzwe, ulimi, isiko kanye nokholo wawoyise. Ukuze hero indaba yethu Motherland - eRussia.

Filmography

Amafilimu esithatha Sokurov ngingabaza, baqamekele kunencazelo imfihlo, okuyinto kwesinye isikhathi bayiqonde, futhi akukhona okokuqala. Bayaphoqeleka ukucabanga amehlo futhi ngokuqhubekayo futhi ubone ukuthi akafuni ngezinye izikhathi ukubona. Ithathwe ngezinye izikhathi ngesimo documentary ifilimu, ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela ngemifanekiso, babehlale esingafunda okuthile ezindabeni zabo umuntu othintekayo. Akukona movie bezijabulisa ukuze baphumule popcorn kanye soda - "Izingxoxo nabantu uSolzhenitsyn", "Funda ukuvinjelwa Book", "uYise neNdodana", "Umama neNdodana" baphokophelele ukuba uzindle izinto sina.

Alexander Sokurov - umqondisi, ngemuva okuyinto nesishiyagalombili sici emafilimu, tinhlelo tamabonakudze engaphezu kuka amathathu, umsindo, screenwriter ukusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-womculo kitty wenza isipiliyoni. Ngo-1980, u-Alexander izinkanyezi ku-movie "Ufanele baphile," uVladimir uChumak. Le ndlela izifundo lempi, ezidalwe zisuselwa noveli Smolyanitsky ahlangene ngaphansi iphiko layo lonke inflorescence abaculi abanamakhono kakhulu ebhayisikobho yamaSoviet, kuhlanganise u-Irina Muraviev, Igor Kvasha, Eugene sifanamsindvo Marina Dyuzheva nabanye.

ncibilika

Ngo-1980, e umqondisi ukuthuthukiswa wokudala Aleksandra Sokurova ubelokhu nxazonke entsha.

imidwebo yakhe, ebihlelwe ekuqaleni sinqatshiwe ukukhombisa, Ekugcineni kanti nabantu abahlosiwe. Futhi bayakwazi ukubona umuntu ozihambela emigwaqeni hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi wayezazisa amalungu amajaji emikhosini ahlukahlukene ifilimu, kuhlanganise nabathandekayo ngamazwe. Kuqondiswe ngokuzikhandla wagcizelela ukuthi Motherland yakhe - Russia no-Aleksandru Sokurov, ogama ubuzwe - Russian, khumbula lokhu njalo. Mangisho ukuthi esethulwa emihlanganweni sibonga umkhosi a imidwebo uyakufanelekela kakhulu Sokurov iqondiswe Homeland.

Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi, kusukela ngo-1980, u-Alexander omningi elithelayo. Ngokuvamile unyaka owodwa wakwazi ukunikela ngokuphila amabhayisikobho eziningana. Okuhambisana umqondisi sokudubula Sokurov wafundisa Wabasaqalayo ozakwethu at "Lenfilm" kwaba ithelevishini ehola. Filmmaker ikhiphe uchungechunge izinhlelo ngokuthi "Sokurov Island, 'ngayo lapho, kanye izilaleli wayebheke izimpendulo zezinkinga eziningi ngokucindezela; nezingxoxo izilaleli mayelana indawo yamabhayisikobho zokuphila kwanamuhla emphakathini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Alexander Sokurov kwaholela izinhlelo yesihle emsakazweni kubantu abasha.

Yini asitshela "Francophonie"

Esinye isithombe, okuyinto wahileleka ngokuqondile Sokurov - movie "Francophonie" - tape ngempela fresh, esanyatheliswa ngo-2015. Umsebenzi beqashelwa wase-Venice Film Festival ne enyakaza sina umphakathi.

Yini asitshela "Francophonie"? Sokurov wenze ifilimu mayelana eParis, kwakuhlezi amaNazi ngo-1940. Kumayelana indlela engumFulentshi - umqondisi Louvre - kanye isiJalimane, wathumela ukuba engamele Museum, benza ayekulindele kubo abazange balinde - baligcinile ekonakalisweni ukuqoqwa Louvre. "Francophonie" - ifilimu ukuthi wokuklabalasa ka isidingo sokonga European amasiko. Futhi lwendaba ayizange baziqambela, not liphefumulelwe imicabango abstract. Isithombe esithathwe okuyinhloko-movie, ikhombisa umbono Aleksandra Sokurova ngesimo samanje emhlabeni - mayelana Ukungqubuzana Muslim nemihlaba abangamaKristu, yokusondela kwalolo enhlekeleleni yobuntu, ezingasetshenziswa namanje kungavinjelwa. Master ukuthi into ebaluleke kakhulu manje - ukuqonda futhi ngokushesha ukwenza okuthile.

Alexander akazange anqikaze abonisa isikhundla salo futhi salo sengqondo sokungafuni ukuba konke kwenzekani emhlabeni namuhla. Yena bakholelwa ngobuqotho ukuthi eziyisisekelo zokubala emkhakheni we-Christianity and amagugu ukuthi basuke kanzima ngakho kwakhiwa phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, namuhla yokuqothulwa. Ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa isiko Muslim - kunabantu bolunye agcine, indlela ehlukile ekuphileni futhi izimiso ngokuvamile - abakuzuzile Izwe Elidala ungase kusaba, ukucwila kwalasha yize. Futhi scary. Ibhekisela isimo futhi ibonisa isithombe "Francophonie".

Sokurov ugcizelela ukuthi ngenhlonipho enkulu abantu kokholo Muslim, kepha ekholwa ukuthi "thina" umane kubalulekile ukugcina ibanga kusuka komunye nomunye.

Imiklomelo kanye imiklomelo

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Sokurov - nomuntu engavamile. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi yini imfihlo yempumelelo yakhe. Uyazi futhi uthanda ibhizinisi, okuyinto ehilelekile. Sokurov isebenza njalo, ngendlela efanele futhi ngokunembile. Emazwini akhe siqu, ngokuya yenhlangano, kulula ukusebenza. inqubomgomo yakhe kucacile, akusiyo kubabangele iyiphi imisinga ezifihliwe futhi izixhobo. Ngokuya lokusungula, yebo nje, konkhe kwehlukile.

Noma kunjalo, umqondisi Sokurov e umlando wakhe ine imiklomelo eminingi kangaka, timphawu kanye namamaki, ukuthi ekuqaleni kubonakala ngendlela engakholeki. imisebenzi yenkosi sekukaningi abaphakanyiselwe imiklomelo emikhosini international: umklomelo "Golden Bear" ngesikhathi Berlin Film Festival; Umklomelo "Nika" befilimu "Lonely Voice of Man"; Prize YaseMoscow Film Festival Tarkovsky; Umklomelo Abagxeki Russia nase amajaji umklomelo okhethekile ifilimu "Umama neNdodana". Ukuze Trophies yakhe ingathiwa umklomelo for isixazululo wemifanekiso ifilimu "Ark Russian" ngesikhathi Toronto Film Festival; umklomelo okhethekile e São Paulo ngeligalelo jikelele cinema; Argentina Film Abagxeki Association Award ifilimu "Ark Russian"; umklomelo "Ukuze ulimi yobuciko, okuyinto eye yaba nethonya cinema emhlabeni."

State Prize of Russia

Ngaphezu kwalezi omaka, kukhona ukuqashelwa Sokurov njengoba filmmaker futhi umuntu. Ngo-1995, u-Alexander okuthiwa ngomunye wabaqondisi engamakhulu engcono cinema emhlabeni; 1997 - Umculi Ezigcwalisiwe yeRussia.

Ngo-2004, Sokurov waklonyeliswa isihloko zokuhlonipha ka Umculi Yabantu yeRussia. Anakho umklomelo abangokomfanekiso - Order of YeJapan futhi engu- lo mphathi Order Wezobuciko Izincwadi. Ngokuphindaphindiwe Sokurov ukuthi exhunywe Russian State Prize. Ngo-2014 yena yanikezelwa Umklomelo State of the Russian Federation emkhakheni izincwadi nezobuciko.

Ngokuvamile, le womculo umuntu kuhle yangasese - akafani enhliziyweni inkulumo kanye izintatheli Aleksandr Sokurov. ukuphila Siqu ifilimu amakhosi - sihloko ivaliwe. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi umqondisi ungaba ngeminye imininingwana yokuphila kwakhe zokudala.

Ngo ingxoxo eyodwa Alexander wakhuluma ngesimo ekunikezelweni inqubo Prize State. It kuvela ukuthi le nqubo lide futhi unezigaba eziningana. Uhlu ukhetho ekuqaleni abavume kuMkhandlu Amasiko Ubuciko ngaphansi uMongameli. Uhlu ingxoxo, ivoti ligcinwe, futhi ngenxa yalokho abazobhapathizwa abasele kubalwa nokuvunywa uMongameli. Lokho isinqumo inikeza, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana bonke abazobhapathizwa uthole ukunikeza inqubo. Umcimbi ihlelwe nedili lomshado nabo iqhaza kweNhloko Yombuso, abahlanganyeli zangaphambi ukubuyekeza yalowo mkhosi. In amazwi u-Alexander II, ukubamba iqhaza uma kwenzeka akulula - kuyajabulisa kakhulu futhi kuthatha amandla amaningi.

Ukukhuluma izinhlelo esizayo, umqondisi Sokurov uyaqaphela ukuthi impumelelo "La Francophonie" akuyona wamkhuthaza ukuba baphumule azithele ngabandayo. Maestro ugcwele imibono yokudala, kodwa nokho badalule imiklamo yabo - wesaba Jinx ke.