Umsebenzi wokuziphatha ubalulekile. Kodwa yini esiyaziyo mayelana nomsebenzi wokuziphatha?

Mhlawumbe, wonke umuntu, angazi ngisho nefilosofi, wazibuza ngokwakhe umbuzo: "Kuyini umsebenzi wokuziphatha nokuziphatha? Kufanele ngiziphathe kanjani emphakathini ukuze ngibe nomuntu obizwa ngokuthi uMuntu? "Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi kungani isikweletu sokuziphatha singumqondo ongenangqondo, nokuthi izifilosofi ezahlukahlukene zazihumusha kanjani. Incazelo eqondile ayikho kuze kube manje.

Umsebenzi wokuziphatha womuntu umqondo ophikisanayo

Esinye sezici ezinzima kunazo zonke zokucabangela ukuziphatha okusemandleni ukukwazi ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela izinkolelo zomuntu siqu futhi uvume ukuthi kungenzeka yini iphutha. Uma sithatha kalula ukuqonda kwezizathu esenza ngazo, asizibuza izinto eziningi. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi badinga okungenani ukungabaza noma ngisho nokuwaphikisa.

Imibono yethu yokuziphatha ithonywe kakhulu ngabazali, abangane, abashade noma isiko. Ngakho-ke, ukuqiniseka ngokulungile kwabo kuqiniswa nakakhulu. Izindlela zokuziphatha zezenzo zethu zizinqunywa ukuhlanganiswa kwamathonya amaningi. Sizizwa sibophekile ukuba silandele izinkolelo ezisekelwe futhi singazicabangi ukuthi: "Ingabe zisekelwe eqinisweni noma ngomkhuba kuphela?"

Umthetho uthini?

Umthetho uhlobo lwekhampasi yamasiko. Khumbula ikhodi yemithetho kaHammurabi. Ephahleni enokuphakama kwamamitha angaphezu kwamabili, imithetho ethile ibhaliwe. Phezulu kwalesi sikhumbuzo setshe kwakumelelwe iNkosi uHambibi, ehloniphekile emi phambi kukaSamsash, unkulunkulukazi wobulungisa. UShamash wasezulwini wabiza ummeleli wakhe emhlabeni. Yiqiniso, lezi zimiso zokuziphatha azizange zivele ngaphandle. Yaba umphumela wamakhulu amaningi eminyaka yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle yentuthuko nokucabanga kokuziphatha. Ngokufanayo, imithetho yeRussian Federation ibonisa iminyaka emide yentuthuko yezwe lethu futhi iqhubeka ithuthuka njalo.

USocrates onomthwalo wokuziphatha

Ngokusho kukaSocrates, umsebenzi wokuziphatha unamandla okuba isakhamuzi esihle. Kodwa le nkulumo idinga ukuqondwa futhi ibonwe ngokujulile. Ngokusho kukaSocrates, umqondo wokuthi "ukuba yisakhamuzi esihle" udinga ukucatshangelwa kwefilosofi eyengeziwe, kuyilapho umuntu kufanele azuze injabulo yakhe ngekhono. E-Athene, lo mfilosofi wasendulo wayethandwa kakhulu.

Imibono kaPlato

Ngokusho kukaPlato (427-347 BC), uDeveli ubonakalisa ekungazini kanye nobuhle kufundiswa. Umqondo oyinhloko walefilosofi wukuthi okuhle kunazo zonke ukulinganisa okuphelele ku-Absolute, okungeke kutholakale empilweni yethu. Ubuhle bungamandla omuntu ukulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe ukuze kuhambisane nomqondo ovamile. Lokhu ukugcwaliseka komsebenzi wokuziphatha. Ukwenza ngokuhambisana nale mithetho, umuntu ufika ku-Absolute (noma uNkulunkulu, ngolimi lwezenkolo).

Ukucabanga kwe-Aristotle. Ukuziphatha

Imfanelo yokuziphatha nencazelo yakhe nayo yajabulisa imibono ka-Aristotle. Isafilosofi sanikeza imisebenzi yakhe eminingi kulo mbuzo.

U-Aristotle (384-322 BCE) waze wagxeka nakakhulu umphakathi waseWestern. Ngokuqonda okukhethekile okukhona kuye, waxazulula izinkinga eziningi zokuziphatha emisebenzini yakhe nasezincwadini zezepolitiki. Ngokungafani noPlato, owaqala ukuphawula ngemibono, u-Aristotle wakhetha ukuhlaziywa kokuhlola nokuhlonza izimbangela.

Uphikisana ngokuthi sonke isintu sifuna injabulo njengento ebaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi wayo, futhi zonke ezinye izici zisebenza njengendlela yokuyizuza. Isazi sefilosofi sasihambisana nomqondo we-eudemonism. Ngokwalesi sifundo, umuntu akufanele azame ukwanelisa zonke izifiso zakhe, noma ngabe zijabulisa. Yilokho kuphela okufisa ukuletha ukuchuma kungabhekwa njengezintandokazi, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokuziphatha ukhetha izifiso ezifanele. Imibono ka-Aristotle ngombono wokuziphatha uye waba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuziphatha.

Ukuhamba ngezizwe ezahlukene kanye nesikhathi, sibhekana nezinhlobonhlobo ezingapheli, ezivame ukuphikisana, imibono yokuziphatha.

Ifilosofi ye-Kant

Enye incazelo ethakazelisayo kakhulu yegama elibhekwe kulesi sihloko singatholakala ku-Kant, i-adhérent of deontology. UKant uchaza ubuhle njengamandla okuthanda komuntu, okuqondiswa ekufezeni umsebenzi. Ngokusho kwalomcabangi, uhlobo lokuziphatha kwangempela ukufeza imisebenzi, ngisho noma kungamjabulisi umuntu, hhayi ngenxa yokwesaba ukujeziswa ngenxa yokungabi nokugcwaliseka kwabo. Indoda ephakeme yokuziphatha ifeza umsebenzi wakhe wokuziphatha ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemiphumela nezinzuzo. Ngokusho kukaKant, umuntu ozama ukufeza okunye okuhle, akanakucatshangwa kakhulu ngokomoya, njengendoda eyenza izenzo ezinhle nje ngomkhuba, ngokungacabangi. Umuntu kuphela ophila ngemigomo yokuziphatha, ngoba uyibheka njengesibopho sakhe, angabizwa ngokuthi umuntu oziphatha kahle. Ifilosofi kaKant yindlela yokuziphatha ehlelwe ngokuphelele. Umcabango wacabanga ukuthi izenzo ezithile azamukeleki, kungakhathaliseki isimo.

Njengoba sibona, kunemibono eminingi nokuhumusha. Kwabanye, umsebenzi wokuziphatha ukulandela imigomo namasiko omphakathi abazalelwa kuwo. Abanye abanezinhlelo eziningi zokubaluleka abavumelani ngokugcwele. Ukuthola impendulo yombuzo: "Kusho ukuthini kimi umsebenzi wokuziphatha?", Umuntu akufanele akhohlwe kokubili ifa elingokomoya labakhokho, kanye nesidingo sokucabanga ngokujulile. Umqondo, lapho siye sahlala khona ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko, uhlanganiswa kakhulu futhi uvame ukuphikisana, njengawo wonke umuntu.