Umqondo kanye nenhlangano umshwalense

Izinkampani zemishuwalense (izinkampani zomshuwalense) - bayincenye ukuthengiselana, okuyinto bavikele izithakazelo abantu oVikelwe, uhlawula kubo umonakalo impahla lapho umcimbi insured. Imisebenzi yomshuwalense kulawulwa imithetho ekhethekile futhi waqashwa nabalawuli. ERussia, Umlawuli ezifana izenzo Central Bank.

izimiso zokuphepha

Kunoma yiliphi izwe, inhlangano umshwalense kusekelwe ezimisweni ezithile, ngempumelelo bafeze imisebenzi yabo. Ziyakwazi:

• in the ifa izinqolobane umshwalense;
• ekwenzeni nezikweletu umshwalense;
• e nokudlanga izinqolobane yomshuwalense izikweletu umshwalense.

Ukuze sifeze lezi zinto, ngomshuwalense ubophekile ukuba uhlole izingozi nesenzakalo izicelo ezithile umshwalense.

Ezimweni eziningi, umshwalense ohlangothini ngomshuwalense sika wenza izibalo. Kwezinye izimo, uhulumeni engenelela enhlanganweni umshwalense. Kuyinto kuhambisana nezimiso ngenhla futhi ibhizinisi umshwalense ukwakhiwa emazweni amaningi.

Kangakanani ibhizinisi umshwalense

Umthetho uhlinzekela ukuthi isihloko umsebenzi ngokushesha kwenhlangano umshwalense kungenzeka umshwalense noma Reinsurance. Uhlu izinhlobo zokwelapha umshwalense ezisohlwini ilayisensi, okuyinto ekhishwe isimo. Uma pholisi akagcwalisi izibopho noma uyazigcwalisa kubo engafanele, ilayisensi kungenzeka ichithwe, inhlangano ilahlekelwa ilungelo sihlinzeke izinhlelo umshwalense Nokho, okuyinto, akuvimbeli isibopho yayo ukuhambisana nezibopho umshwalense Kusolwa ngaphambili.

Baningi izinkampani zomshuwalense ezisebenza emkhakheni zomnotho ezifanayo, yakha emakethe umshwalense, ekuvikeleni kubantu ngabanye, amabhizinisi omphakathi kanye nazimele, izikhungo zezimali.

Izinhlobo izinkampani zomshuwalense

Ezweni lethu, izinkampani zomshuwalense kungahle ubunikazi yangasese noma isimo. abaholi Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke wemakethe umshwalense kukhona izimali zempesheni kanye nezimali zomshwalense wezenhlalo, okuyinto buthelela yonke iminikelo esiyisibopho izakhamuzi ukusebenza. izinkampani zomshuwalense Private akhiwa nge ngezimali ezivela ngabanye ezizimele noma ezikhungweni zezimali.

Ifomu eziyingqayizivele umsebenzi eziningi izinkampani zomshuwalense wangasese sigejana a KaLloyd. Lokhu kuhlobana izinkampani umshwalense oyimfihlo umshwalense ibhizinisi jikelele yomshuwalense kanye Reinsurance. Ifomu i-syndicate lalinethezeke ukuze esebenza kuze kube yilolu suku, ukuvikela kusuka zikagesi zasendlini encane ukuba imikhumbi emikhulu.

umshwalense zokuzithandela futhi ayimpoqo

Okwamanje, sonke emakethe umshwalense kungenziwa cishe ihlukaniswe:

• amasevisi umshwalense enikeziwe njalo yokuzithandela;
• umshwalense, kulawulwa umthetho.

Kungaba khona uwedwa futhi into yesithathu ku inkampani yomshuwalense, lapho ubizwa ngokuthi "Reinsurance" noma ukuhlala ngokwahlukana of icala umshwalense phakathi izinhlangano ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Le ndlela sokuvikela iziimali kuhilela ukusatshalaliswa kungenzeka izinkokhelo zezimali phakathi izinkampani zomshuwalense eziningana. izinhlangano umshwalense Umshwalense ivumela usabalalisa izinkokhelo ukuhlangabezana nezibopho zabo ngaphandle umonakalo omkhulu esimweni salo sezimali.

Uma ukuthengisa umshwalense nokulandela izimiso kakade yibhange inzuzo ethile, inhlangano ye-social security is uvalwe kulawulwa isimo. Ake sizame ukubhekana yokubaluleka lezo zinhlobo zezindawo umshwalense, okuyinto edingekayo ngokwemibandela yomthetho.

umshwalense ayimpoqo

State kwenza abanye oluthile lomshuwalense saziso ngesisekelo ukuvikelwa noma izinhlangano ezingahlangene ibhizinisi okuhlotshaniswa izithakazelo isimo. Okuzenzakalelayo ayimpoqo umshwalense Inhlangano inikeza izithakazelo izakhamuzi, owathi kuMthethosisekelo. Ngo umkhuba kubukeka kanje:

• njalo isakhamuzi sinelungelo ukuze sakhe imisebenzi esezingeni elifanele - ukuthi ukwenza ngaphandle kokuhlela lomshuwalense izingozi emsebenzini;
• wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuhamba ngenkululeko - nokuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu - okuyimpoqo nomshuwalense MTPL, insuring kuzuze besithathu abathintekayo;
• wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo - mthetho ligcizelelwa yomshuwalense okuphoqelekile okwenziwa ezikhungweni i-Social Insurance Fund ukuthi uqinisekisa izinkokhelo umshwalense uma ukugula;
• izakhamuzi Unelungelo kweminyaka enesizotha ubudala - uyena owenza lokhu yesikhwama sempesheni.

Imisebenzi izinkampani zomshuwalense ukuqaliswa umshwalense ayimpoqo esekelwe imithetho ethile kanye nemigomo, okuyinto wawuthi:

• izinto okuyiwona lolu hlobo umshwalense liyadingeka;
• nesembozo umshwalense, okuhlanganisa inkokhelo encane esiyisibopho yomshuwalense kanye lomthetho inani eliphezulu yokukhokha umshwalense;
• imisebenzi namalungelo yamalungu futhi abantu insured.

umshwalense ayimpoqo kanye izinkampani zomshuwalense

Umthetho unikeza uhlu lwezinhlangano ukuthi banelungelo ukuqhuba ibhizinisi umshwalense kohlaka yomshuwalense eziphoqelelwe. Ezinye izinkampani zomshuwalense zidalwe ngesisekelo isimo (Pension Fund, i-Social Insurance Fund). Ezinye izinkampani zomshuwalense Unelungelo ukuze bafeze imisebenzi emkhakheni yomshuwalense okuyimpoqo (CTP, isibonelo).

Ukulawula zici ezibalulekile Ukuvikelwa amalungelo ezakhamuzi zayo, isimo has imisebenzi emibili:

• It kwenza intuthwane iminikelo kokuqala, okwenza umshwalense ayimpoqo eqolo kakhulu zaleli zwe;
• Liqinisekisa Ukusabalala esiphezulu umshwalense izifundo, okwenza inhlangano engabizi lukuphepha emphakathini futhi ngokwezimali oludonsa.

Cabanga indlela izinkampani zomshuwalense abasebenza emkhakheni yomshuwalense eziphoqelelwe. izibonelo Classic lokhu zingakhiqiza Zempesheni kanye FSS.

Inhlangano yomshuwalense izimali zoMbuso

impesheni umshwalense inhlangano ezweni lethu kusekelwe Symbiosis of izinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• ubumbano ukuthi ithole kithi njengoba ifa zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa;
• siqu, okuyisici entsha yokugcina iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu.

Lapho uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela, isakhamuzi iminikelo impesheni ikhokhelwe ku isabelomali jikelele Pension Fund ngamunye. Ngenxa yalokho, wakhokhelwa imali, kuncike ubudala yezici ezihlukahlukene nabanye. Naphezu alula, ubumbano uhlelo kwaholela eqinisweni abantu abaye basebenza iminyaka emihlanu, futhi engxenyeni yesine yekhulu leminyaka empeleni yaqala ukuthola impesheni efanayo.

Ngaphandle egalitarianism enjalo, wembula elinye ethile uhlelo ubumbano: kusilela abagxeka Sempesheni esibhalisiwe. Ukuqondanisa isabelomali yempesheni, uhulumeni wanquma ukwethula ukubhalisa ngezifiso imali yempesheni. Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi, kuye ngokuthi iholo yabo ebanjwa kumaphesenti athile ku-akhawunti yakho siqu umhlalaphansi, efana nje ebhange, futhi lapho efika yobudala umhlalaphansi uthola impesheni lalo.

umshuwalense wezempilo

Inhlangano komshwalense wezempilo ayimpoqo esekelwe PAYG iminikelo abayitholayo. Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi ebanjwa kusuka umholo wabo kumaphesenti athile imali yesikhwama zikamazisi. Kulaba izimali ezikhokhelwayo kuye "ogulayo" njengoba ukukhokhelwa inkokhelo ngenxa yokugula. FSS is uyabandakanyeka ekukhokhweni 'Fiat "futhi izinkokhelo ukunakekela izingane ezincane. Isikhwama efanayo offset izindleko ngenxa yokukhubazeka okubangelwa engozini ku ukuziphatha imisebenzi okhokhelwayo. Uma izakhamuzi ufuna ukuthola isinxephezelo ngaphezulu - isibonelo, buyisela izindleko zokwelashwa, operation kuhlinzwa, - amasevisi abo umshwalense wezokwelapha zokuzithandela.

umshwalense isibopho sezomthetho

Ugibe yomshuwalense - kungolunye uhlobo lwesigemegeme nokuvikela abongazimbi. engavamile yayo itholakala iqiniso ukuthi inkontileka yomshuwalense ngomshuwalense kanye ukuphothula umnikazi umshwalense. Izinkokhelo nazo kulolu hlobo umshwalense uthola lwesithathu, umuntu olimele. Isibonelo yakudala umshwalense isibopho sezomthetho CTP.

CTP waziphatha umshwalense sezomthetho owenziwe besithathu ngenxa engozini yemoto.

inhlangano umshwalense isibopho sezomthetho itholakala mkhakha womsebenzi walabo izinkampani zomshuwalense ngubani anelungelo ke. Coefficient ubuncane izinkokhelo kokuqala ukukhokha esiphezulu kulawulwa umthetho. Isimo futhi unelungelo ukunquma kanjani eyokwenza umonakalo - ngokheshi noma nganoma yiyiphi indlela, futhi ukuqapha imisebenzi izinkampani zomshuwalense.