Umncintiswano we-100th waminyaka yonke wokuhamba ngebhayisikili "Tour de France"

Umnqobi wesigaba sokuqala se-Tour de France wayengumJalimane uMarcel Keeler, owayengcono kakhulu ekuziphenduleleni. Ibhasi leqembu le-Australia lalinamathela ekugcineni. Ngakho-ke, abahleli bafuna ngisho nokuhambisa umshini wokugcina, kepha kamuva bakwazi ukukhipha imoto. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abagibeli abakwazi ukulungisa kabusha amaqhinga abo esigabeni sokugcina ... Baqala ngo-1903 njengeprojekthi yokukhangisa ephephandabeni, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili namuhla kwaba ngumcimbi wesithathu wemidlalo ophawulekayo wonyaka, - kubika isigaba .

Umlando wabo wama-200 we-cycling "Tour de France" (igama elingakahleleki elithi "Big Loop") lalinamacala amabili okuphoqeleka. Kusukela ngo-1915 kuya ku-1918, azange aqhutshwe mayelana neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kusukela ngo-1940 kuya ku-1946 - ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe II. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1950, umncintiswano webhayisikili wadlula ngaphesheya kwemingcele yezwe. Ngenjongo yokugqugquzela ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezweni lomncintiswano, izinhlanga zaqala ukuhlelwa kwamanye amazwe. Eminyakeni ehlukene imincintiswano yayiqhutshwa eSpain, Italy, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany nase Luxembourg. Izikhathi ezingu-19 "Tour de France" zaqala kwamanye amazwe. Ngo-1994, baze banquma ukuhamba ngomgwaqo osanda kuvulwa ngaphansi kwe-English Channel.

Ngesikhathi abagijimi bezemidlalo banesikhathi sokujwayele izindawo ezihlukene, ngoba udinga ukunqoba kokubili ukukhuphuka okukhulu, kanye nezinsika ezibukhali, nokugoba okuhlukahlukene. Ubude bomzila buhlukile njalo ngonyaka futhi bungaba u-3000 kuya ku-4000 km. Ibanga elide kakhulu "Tour de France" lalingu-1926. Khona-ke abagibeli baqeda 5745 km. Ngokujwayelekile ibanga elihamba ngabagibeli kusukela ngo-1903, limangalisa nje. Kulezi zigijimi ezingu-99 zangaphambilini ezithintekayo ku-426678 km. Lokhu kungaphezu kwebanga ukusuka eMhlabeni kuya eNyangeni.

Isikhwama somklomelo salolu mqhudelwano futhi kancane kancane sithola uhlamvu lwezinkanyezi. Kulo nyaka kuyoba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-23 000 zama-euro angu-300. Umnqobi womncintiswano webhayisikili uzothola ama-euro angu-450,000, futhi oyinqola yesigaba ngasinye - ama-euro angu-8 000.

NgoJuni 29, 198 abagibeli abame emazweni angu-34 futhi bangamaqembu angu-22 aqala ngeCorsican Porto-Vecchio. Ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni we-Tour de France, umncintiswano waqala eCorsica. Isiqhingi sonke lesi sikhathi sasihlala yindawo eyodwa kuphela yaseYurophu yaseFrance, lapho izigaba ze "Big Loop" azizange zenziwe. Kulo nyaka abahleli bazinqume ukulungisa lokhu kungabi nabulungisa futhi bahlela izinyathelo ezintathu ngesikhathi esisodwa eCorsica, owokuqala owaba yiyona ende kunazo zonke - amakhilomitha angu-213. Phakathi kwezici ze-"Loop Big" yamanje kanye nokuthi umjaho webhayisikili uzokwenzeka kuphela eFrance, futhi abagijimi bazoqeda eParis, okokuqala ngqa ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okufakelwayo. Ukuze kuvikelwe umncintiswano, iziphathimandla zaseFrance ziheha amaphoyisa angu-14 000, abangu-47 kubo ababengumshayeli wamabhayisikili abavela eHhovisi likaMengameli.

Uhambo lwe-Tour de France luhlanganisa nesigaba 21. Isigaba ngasinye ngusuku olulodwa. Isikhathi sokuba umdlali aqedele isigaba ngasinye sishintshwe futhi kufinyelelwe isikhathi esiphezulu somjaho. Umgijimi, osesikhathi sakhe esincane, kuthiwa uyinqobe yomqhudelwano wonke. Kungenzeka ukuthi umgijimi ube ngumnqobi womncintiswano, futhi akazange athole noma yiziphi izigaba zayo, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-1990 (ngaleso sikhathi lowo owawunqoba yi-American Greg Lemond). Ukuphumelela kunabo bonke "Tour de France" kungumlando webhayisikili waseMelika uLance Armstrong, owabekwa izikhathi ezingu-7 ngokuthi "Big Loop" (kusukela ngo-1998 kuya ku-2004). Abanqobi bamemezelwa yilabo abashayeli abaye bathola okungenani isigaba esisodwa. Kulesi sigaba sabanqobi kukhona nabase-Ukraine. Ngo-2006, uSergei Gonchar uphumelele kabili ngesiteji ngokuqala. Ngonyaka ofanayo, i-Yaroslav Popovich inqobe esinye sezigaba zamapulani. Le mpumelelo iqhubeka nokufezwa kwabagibeli bamabhayisikili e-Ukraine eTour de France. Kulo nyaka ngeke kube khona omunye wabantu bakithi ku "Big Loop" nhlobo.

"I-Tour de France" iyathakazelisa nokuthi i-tournament inquma okuhle kakhulu nakwezinye izigaba: i-sprinter mountain racer, i-racer encane. Abanqobile kulaba bantu abaqokiwe bathola amajezi anemibala. Ngakho umgijimi othole amaphuzu amaningi esethi ye-sprint ubeka ijezi eluhlaza. Sekujwayelekile ngokweminyaka emihlanu edlule, izimangalo zaseMelika zi-Mark Cavendish zalesi sihloko. Umncintiswaneni wakhe oseduze kakhulu ngesivinini esisheshayo uzoba umphenyi omuhle wonyaka odlule uSlovak Peter Sagan. Ijezi elimhlophe emahlathini abomvu yilowo owunqobe ekuqokeni "intaba engcono kakhulu yezintaba". Kulesi sigaba, intandokazi ingabizwa ngokuthi umdlali waseFrance uThomas Fokler. Abantu basendaweni babeka ithemba labo kubantu bakubo futhi ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngoba ngonyaka odlule uTomas wayegqoke ihembe "pea" futhi ekugcineni waba owesine.

Futhi esigabeni ngasinye se-Tour de France, ikhomishini ekhethekile ibeka "inqola" enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokuqedwa kwesiteji, umgibeli ophumelele lokhu kuphakanyiswa unikezwa inombolo emhlophe emlandweni obomvu kunomnyama emhlophe. Isimiso esiyinhloko ekunqumeni umnqobi ukuhlala isikhathi eside ekuhlukanisweni kwe-peloton (ama-racers ahamba eqenjini elincane), ezama ukugcina isikhundla sokuhola isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Othandekayo kakhulu eTour de France yiJersey ephuzi yomholi. Ilungelo lokugqoka liwukuphela kokuphumelela ngesikhathi. Ihembe lakhe elibala elimhlophe lizuzwe ifa elivela ephephandabeni i-Auto, eyasungula lo mncintiswano, - amakhasi ayo aphuzi. Kuwo wonke umlando webhayisikili "Big Loop" kuphela 254 racers wagqoka. Esikhathini samanje "Tour de France" ijezi eliphuzi lizophikisa uChristopher Frum no-Alberto Contador. UFrum ubelokhu ekhuthele kakhulu kule nkathi, ephumelela entwasahlobo "Ukuvakasha kwe-Oman", "Ukuvakasha kwe-Romance", "Criterium Dauphine" ne "Criterium InterNational". UFrum washiya "iTirreno Adriatico" futhi akakwazanga ukunqoba. Umgibeli oneminyaka engu-28 ubudala angase abe ngowesibili eBrithani ukuze anqobe uhlu olujwayelekile lwe-Tour de France. Ngonyaka odlule, uFrum owayenomdlandla unqobe "isiliva" le "Big Loop", elahlekelwa kuphela kumuntu wakubo waseBradley Wiggins. Ngeshwa, umqobi wonyaka odlule we-Tour de France ngeke akwazi ukubamba iqhaza okhethweni lwamanje. Umshayeli webhayisikili walimala emadolweni e "Giro di Italia", ngemuva kwalokho akazange alulame ngokugcwele ukuqala umncintiswano eFrance. Ngakho-ke, i-Frum ivula indlela eqondile eya e-French pedestal.

U-Alberto Contador uzozama ukumvimbela. UmSpain ubuyela emuva kokungavumelekile kokusebenzisa i-dope. Ngo-2011, i-clenbuterol evinjelwe itholakala egazini lakhe. Ekuqaleni kuka-2012, isinqumo seNkantolo YezokuVikela Kwezemidlalo yaseSpain yayingavunyelwe izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi sinqatshelwe zonke iziqu esikhathini esiyi-2010. Ukuwa kokugcina, umgibeli wamabhayisikili waphindela emuva futhi manje useyilwela ukunqoba okunye e-Tour de France. I-Contador, njengamalungu angamanje, uyakwazi ukunqoba i-Tour de France. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe, waphumelela kathathu ukuzama ijezi eliphuzi. Nokho, enye yokunqoba kwakhe ngo-2010 yakhanselwa. Ngentwasahlobo, uContador wayebukeka ephukile kakhulu ngemuva kwesizinda sikaFrum. Kodwa iSpanishi inhle kakhulu ekulungiseleleni ukuqala komthwalo wemfanelo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi e-Tour de France uzobonisa izimfanelo zakhe eziqinile zezemidlalo.

I-scandal ye-doping cishe yavimbela umjaho weJubane. Ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, i-legend yebhayisikili i-American Lance Armstrong ngesikhathi exoxwa ne-TV edume kakhulu u-Oprah Winfrey wavuma ukuthi wasebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni ngesikhathi esebenza eTurkey de France. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-scandals asanda kushayelwa ngebhayisikili asuke evame kakhulu, abaningi babelungele ukuqeda i-Tour de France. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu akuzange kwenzeke, futhi izinhlanga eziyi-100 zaqala ngobuningi obukhulu. Kodwa-ke, konke okwamanje kusekhona i-Armstrong engesabi ukwengeza indiza emafutheni. Ngaphambi nje kokuqala komjaho webhayisikili, i-American racer yathi ngokuvamile kwakungenakwenzeka ukuwina i-Tour de France ngesikhathi sakhe ngaphandle kokuthatha izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. U-Armstrong uthi umncintiswano walesi sizinga udinga imali eningi kumdlali, okokuqala, oksijini. Ngokombono wakhe, kunzima kakhulu ukugcina ijubane eliphezulu lokuncintisana isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, abagijimi kufanele baphinde basebenzise izidakamizwa ezivuselelayo. Lokhu kwamcasula umqondisi we-Tour de France, uChristian Prudhomme: "U-Armstrong uthi akekho ongayinqoba ngaphandle kokushaywa indiva, kodwa mhlawumbe kungumzamo wokuhlanza, ethi kungenakwenzeka."

I-Tour de France yamanje izobanjwa kusukela ngoJuni 29 kuya kuJulayi 21. Ngalesi sikhathi, abagibeli bazohamba ngezinkulungwane ezingama-3360 futhi bazoba nezinsuku ezimbili zokuphumula. Kusukela ngo-1998, "i-Big Loop" kunendlela yokuhlukumeza ama-doping. Muva nje, omunye umqhubi we-Tour de France, uJalimane, uJan Ullr, wavuma ukuthi naye wasebenzisa udonga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mqhubi washo ukuthi osebenza nabo abaningi bathola izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Umshayeli wamabhayisikili waseFrance uDavid Moncoutier, ngokuyinhloko akazange asebenzise ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezivinjelwe, wathi kusukela ekufikeni kwe-erythropoietin ngebhayisikili ngo-1994-95, noma yikuphi ukuqothulwa kweTour de France kungakhohlisa ...